1. What is dry cleaning?
Dry cleaning is not mysterious, it just uses solvents to remove grease or stains. Because the solvent contains almost no water, it is called dry cleaning. Dry cleaning solution can dissolve and remove oil stains on clothes, such as natural fibers such as wool and silk, which are easy to shrink, deform and fade after washing, but dry cleaning can handle it well, and even man-made fibers such as polyester can be washed very cleanly. These fibers will still have some oil stains after washing, but these stains may be removed after dry cleaning. Washing clothes by penetrating, dissolving and releasing olefins with chemical solvents can achieve the effect of removing oil stains or stains, which is called dry cleaning. The so-called "dry cleaning" means that the clothes are dry before washing, and the clothes taken out of the dry cleaning machine after dry cleaning are also dry. However, in the process of dry cleaning, the clothes are soaked, washed, dried in the drum of the dry cleaning machine, and then dried, and the chemical solvent contained in the clothes is recovered and dried to complete the whole dry cleaning process. Dry cleaning is a kind of washing method that has only appeared in the last hundred years. After dry cleaning, the clothes will not be deformed or faded, and the fabric will not be damaged. It also has the special efficacy of disinfection and sterilization.
Second, the allusion of dry cleaning.
There are many different stories about the origin of dry cleaning. It is said that someone accidentally spilled an oily finish on the oily cloth, and as a result, the finish quickly evaporated and the oil stain was removed. 1840 Bering dry cleaner in Paris may be the first dry cleaner established. At that time, the washing and dyeing industry found that turpentine, benzene, kerosene and petroleum could all be used as dry cleaning solvents. Because these oils are flammable, the dry cleaning industry was considered as a risky industry before 1926 Stoddard, a series of petroleum dry cleaning oils specially developed for dry cleaning, went on the market.
The first step is pretreatment, which is to remove stains. It uses artificial additives to pretreat seriously polluted dirt and stains insoluble in dry cleaning solvents (such as juice, nail polish, paint, ink, etc.). ). The second step is the main washing. Put the pretreated clothes into a dry cleaning machine, wash them thoroughly with dry cleaning solvent, and spin them dry.
The third step, post-treatment, the main purpose is to remove the residual dry cleaning solvent in clothes and irons and shape them.
3. How many kinds of dry cleaning solutions are there? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
There are three main categories, which are:
A, chlorinated hydrocarbon synthesis solvent
The most commonly used is tetrachloroethylene (PEKCRO), which has good safety and strong degreasing and decontamination ability, but it has a strong corrosive effect on metals, and its hydrolysis main substances are toxic, which is harmful to soil, water quality and human body. dry cleaning shop
In addition, it has a strong dissolving effect on plastic, nylon and other products, so this kind of jewelry (such as buttons, etc. ) Be sure to remove it when washing.
B. Chlorofluoride solvent
Its typical representative is trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC- 1 13) and so on. Non-toxic, non-flammable, non-corrosive to rubber and many chemical fibers, and cleaner than tetrachloroethylene. However, such solvents have been banned because they destroy the atmospheric ozone layer.
C, hydrocarbon solvent
Namely petroleum solvent, has good washing effect. Clothes washed with this solvent do not have the common odor of tetrachloroethylene washing, and have no pollution to human body and environment. In the past, it was eliminated because of poor security. Now with the development of science and technology, security has been solved, so it is more and more favored by dry cleaners.
Four, a few specific problems about dry cleaning
What kind of clothes must be dry-cleaned?
Pure sweaters, leather fabrics and others marked unwashed.
B, what kind of clothes are not suitable for dry cleaning?
Polypropylene clothing (including rain-proof silk, etc. ), rubber products (including elastic bands), artificial leather, painted ornaments (such as lacquered flowers), metal ornaments, and velvet products bonded with glue.
C. Will frequent dry cleaning shorten the life of clothes?
No, on the contrary, frequent dry cleaning will prolong the service life of clothes. This is because washing first makes the fibers of clothes swell, so that when washing, the detergent will penetrate into the fibers, making it difficult to clean, and the residual detergent will corrode the fibers, making them brittle from the surface, leading to a decrease in the service life of clothes. Dry cleaning will not make the fibers of clothes swell, and dry cleaning agents, especially petroleum solutions, will not penetrate into the fibers, so it will not cause the clothes to become brittle and will not affect the reduction of their service life. Moreover, the stains on clothes will affect the service life for a long time, and once they are cured, they will quickly wear fabric fibers like sandpaper. In addition, bacteria such as spores attached to dust will further damage clothes.
D. Can dry cleaning sterilize?
Yes, but not all bacteria. Generally speaking, microorganisms on clothes can be divided into sick oil dry cleaning machines.
Bacteria, no caterpillars, spores and parasites. In the process of dry cleaning, germs, caterpillars and moth larvae can be killed due to the action of dry cleaning agents. Spores can be peeled off from clothes by mechanical force and then separated by a filter. For lice, it can be killed, but it can't be separated from clothes because of its strong adhesion.
E. Will dry cleaning shrink?
No. Only when it is normal and appropriate in the dry cleaning process, clothes will not shrink. If there is shrinkage, it is because the original garment factory did not do a good job of shrink-proof treatment in advance, and the second is that the dry cleaning agent was mixed with water.
F, will dry cleaning fade?
Yes, but the color fading of dry cleaning is different from that of washing, and the mechanism of color fading is obviously different from that of color fading. In the impression of most people, it seems that dry cleaning clothes should not fade, which is only relative to washing. Because most textiles are dyed in water, few textiles will not fade completely in water. Because of the different dyeing fastness grades, the fading situation is also different. Some dyeing fastness grades are low and fading is obvious. Some dyeing fastness grades are so high that it is almost difficult to find their fading. Therefore, the main reason for color fading after washing is due to different dyeing fastness. Dry cleaning uses solvents to wash clothes, and most dyes will not dissolve in dry cleaning agents. However, when the dry cleaning machine works, there will still be some moisture left, so under certain conditions, the color will also fade. According to Yuni's years of experience, the main reasons for dry cleaning fading are as follows. (l) Due to the limitation of dyeing methods, there are too many floating colors left on the surface of some textiles. Although there is little water in the dry cleaning machine, this textile is easy to fade. This is the most common fading situation, such as red and purple wool coats. (2) During the pretreatment of dry cleaning, the clothes absorb too much water, and the dyeing fastness of the clothes is poor, which leads to color fading. (3) Some clothing accessories (such as leather accessories, plastic accessories, ropes, etc. ) poor dyeing fastness and fading when dry cleaning. (4) In the dry cleaning machine environment, some components of the printed fabric treated with non-aqueous paint will dissolve and fade. (5) Some laundry fabrics go through some finishing processes to improve wrinkle resistance and shrink resistance, so the fabrics are crisp and tidy. After this fabric is made into clothes, all the corners will fade or even wear due to friction during the operation of the dry cleaning machine.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) The prospect of dry cleaning industry.
The dry cleaning industry in China experienced a blank period in the previous decades, and it has only been more than ten years since it really developed in China, but it is still not perfect. Throughout the development history of global dry cleaning, as a part of people's home life, it has gone through an extraordinary road. It can be seen from Casia's years of dry cleaning operation that the dry cleaning industry wants to stage a dry cleaning fever all over the world, especially in China. With the sharp increase of consumption level in China, the requirements for dry cleaning in all ages are getting higher and higher, and people have regarded dry cleaning as a part of their lives. First of all, developed countries such as Europe and America have formed a complete system because of their history of dry cleaning for hundreds of years. Whether it is a big city or a small town, it is like a clothing store, and dry cleaners can be seen everywhere, which has become a necessity of life. Looking back at the domestic situation, the basic situation is that big cities are far from saturated, small cities are still scarce, and villages and towns are basically blank. However, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, which are at the forefront of China's economy, are now in a period of rapid expansion, and the investment prospects are evident.
Six, how to open a dry cleaner
Pre-market survey: market prospect analysis, consumption potential evaluation (counting the consumption level of this region, this part is relatively intuitive, and you can make a clear judgment according to the development degree of business form, per capita income and consumption habits of the selected region. Investigation and statistics of potential competitive factors (operating status and pricing level of dry cleaners in relevant areas). When preparing the capital budget, customers are advised to choose the investment quota of 30,000-50,000 in the early stage. After the business is stable, they can increase the second investment according to their business needs and requirements to expand their business scope and laundry capacity. Choose a brand to join: choose a dry cleaning brand dry cleaning equipment combination scheme according to your own economic ability to avoid unnecessary investment in fixed equipment in the early stage and reduce investment risks. Under the current market economy situation, steady investment and prudent investment are the first choice. If conditions permit, it is best to examine the specific equipment of the brand and the operating conditions of the physical store. And the way the brand has always operated. This is of great significance for whether to join the brand.
Consultation on joining details: whether the equipment is delivered to your door for free, whether the contract terms include warranty period, laundry technical training program, post-technical support, etc. Only by understanding these can we successfully open a store in the early stage. Store location and decoration: Choose a suitable store address according to the results of the previous market survey, with a large flow of people and convenient clothes collection and delivery. Improve public facilities, sewers and other supporting facilities. Then, according to the decoration style requirements of the joining brands, the decoration is carried out with the theme of simplicity, generosity and convenient operation. The shop is bright and clean, and the layout is reasonable. Shop opening operation: After the equipment is installed and debugged, the franchisee's technicians can open the shop after they arrive. Study hard, take notes frequently, ask if you don't understand, and pay attention to accumulation. Leave the contact information of the technical teacher, and you can consult the laundry problems in the future operation at any time. High investment does not directly equal high return: the first consideration in opening a store is to learn to avoid risks and predict the investment recovery cycle. Of course, this does not mean that we must choose low investment. According to the results of the previous market research, we can make corresponding judgments: what kind of stores are suitable in size, what is the main business, the comparative estimation of operating costs and daily income, and so on. In the future, only by effectively controlling the proportion of business income and expenditure can we achieve stable operation.
Secondly, with the improvement of clothing grade, walking in the street, clothes with hundreds of dollars have become frequent visitors, and thousands of clothes can be seen everywhere. People are not willing to put these clothes in the washing machine and wash them casually, so dry cleaners must be their choice. In this context, Cahia dry cleaning conforms to the social trend and wants to spread the advanced dry cleaning experience and technology to the whole country. The rapid development of China has created a busy working population, and people pay great attention to dressing up. The lack of time and the effect of washing clothes by yourself have made it unacceptable for people to wash at home, so various dry cleaners were born. Dry cleaning is already a hot industry today, and seizing this opportunity may be the starting point of our life.