Southeast corner of sunrise, shine on me, Qin Lou. Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu. Luo Fu is good at raising silkworms and picking mulberry in the south corner of the city; Moss is a cage system and cassia twig is a cage hook. There is a bun on the head and a bright moon in the ear; Qi is the lower skirt and Qi is the upper skirt. When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he straightened his shoulders and smoothed his moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe; In spite of resentment, he sat watching Luo Fu.
You come from the south, and five horses stand upright. Your majesty sent officials to ask whose family it was. "Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu." "What is the date of Luo Fu?" "Twenty is not enough, fifteen is quite enough." Your Majesty thanked Luo Fu: "Would you rather recite it?"
Luo Fu made a speech earlier: "Ambassador your is such a fool! The monarch has his wife, and Luo Fu has his husband. Thousands of people ride the east, and the husband is at the top. How to know a husband, a white horse from a colt; Hair tied with ponytail, horsehead covered with gold; Deer sword, a deer in the waist, can be worth more than 10 million. A petty official in the fifteenth mansion, a doctor in the twentieth dynasty, an assistant in the thirty, and a resident in the forty cities. People are white and clean, quite bearded; Ministry of Industry and Service of Ying Ying, Ran Ran and Zhong Chao. There are thousands of people sitting inside, and they all say that their husbands are different. "
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Selected from Yuefu poems. Shang Mo Sang, also known as Yan Ge Yuefu, is a famous Yuefu folk song in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The so-called "Yuefu" was originally a musical organ established by the state in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. Its duty is to collect and sort out folk songs or literati's poems, formulate music scores and train musicians. This is an organ responsible for music, which is specially prepared for court sacrifices, court meetings, banquets and entertainment during travel. Poems collected by this musical organ can be sung with music scores. In the Six Dynasties, in order to distinguish this kind of poetry from poems without music, it was called "Yuefu Poetry" or "Yuefu Poetry" and became a new poetry genre.
Yuefu Poems are mostly folk songs. According to the records in History of Han, * * * collected 138 folk songs of Han Yuefu, which is another folk song collection after the Book of Songs. Han Yuefu is an extremely precious literary heritage in the history of China literature. It inherits the Book of Songs, enlightens Jian 'an poetry, shines like a string of bright literary pearls and jade, and constitutes an important part of China's poetic realism tradition. Later great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi all inherited and developed this excellent tradition. Yuefu poetry created a new poetic style with five words as the main form, which laid the foundation for the five-word poetry after the Han Dynasty. In the way of expression, it has a certain story, which greatly develops the genre of narrative poetry.
There are many famous chapters and sentences in Yuefu poems, which have been handed down from generation to generation. Shang Mo Sang is one of the masterpieces, and it can be said that it is the companion of Peacock Flying Southeast.
interpret
The whole poem is divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph (the first natural festival) depicts the beauty of Luo Fu.
"Sunrise in the southeast corner, shine on me in Qin Lou." The first sentence at the beginning of the poem depicts a magnificent scene of sunrise in the east: the red sunrise rises from Ran Ran in the east in the blue sky in Ran Ran, shining brilliantly on the earth, smearing everything in the poetic realm, full of vitality, giving people a beautiful feeling and arousing people's beautiful associations and imagination. Following the idea of "Sunrise" and "Looking at the Building", the poem naturally leads to the second sentence "Looking at my Qin Lou", which allows readers to follow the sunshine and lead their eyes to the heroine's pavilion in the poem. The poet expressed his love and praise for Luo Fu in the first person, which was natural and cordial. At this time, although the heroine has not yet appeared, it has made readers seem to see her dressing up in front of the mirror when the sunshine building is bright in spring. The beautiful scenery description creates a pleasant atmosphere, which paves the way for the appearance of the heroine below and lays a beautiful background.
"Qin has a good daughter, who calls herself Luo Fu." The third sentence follows the second sentence and begins the narrative of the story. The second issue introduces "Qin Lou", the third sentence introduces the good daughter of the hostess Qin, and the fourth sentence calls this "good girl" Luo Fu. "Name", a noun used as a verb, is called. "Qin" is a common beauty surname in ancient poetry. "Good girl", that is, "beauty". "Luo Fu" is a common name for ancient beauties. Around Luo Fu's surname and first name, the word "beauty" is emphasized here, which highlights that Qin Luofu is an outstanding beauty and leaves a good impression on readers first.
"Luo Fushan sericulture, picking mulberry in the south corner; The moss is a cage and the cassia twig is a cage hook. " Luo Fu not only has a beautiful surname and first name, but also has the virtues of love and hard work. As a peasant woman, she likes picking mulberry and raising silkworms since she was a child. She is an expert at picking mulberry and raising silkworms. As soon as the heroine appeared in the poem, she left a beautiful image of a working woman for readers. Look at her, carrying a mulberry basket, laughing and going to the mulberry garden in the south of the city to pick mulberry. Luo Fu's "South Corner", a mulberry picking in the city, explains this workplace, preparing for the following story. Then the poet focused on Luo Fu's mulberry picking tools, and used two close-ups to describe people in detail: First, he wrote about the rope wound on the mulberry basket, which was made of black silk, how exquisite and gorgeous it was. The handle of the mulberry basket woven with the branches of osmanthus trees is so fragrant and attractive. Mulberry picking equipment is so extraordinary that it also highlights the word "beauty", because only in this way can it match and coordinate with that beautiful person.
"Japanese style falls on the head, and the bright moon is in the ear; It's the skirt below, and the purple one is the top. " The author also focuses on Luo Fu's beautiful clothes and vividly depicts them with four close-ups: one is to write Luo Fu's hairstyle. "Japanese-style falling bun", whose bun is layered like a cloud and leans on the side of the head, seems to fall rather than fall, also known as "falling bun", which was a popular hairstyle for women at that time. Second, write about the earrings of beautiful women, wearing earrings made of orbs. "Yue Ming Pearl" is said to be a kind of pearl of the Great Qin State in the Western Regions. Its shape is as bright as "Yue Ming". Write from top to bottom here, first "on the head" and then "in the ear". Glittering earrings set off clouds of black hair and the brilliance of Rove Pearl. Third, write her "lower skirt" for "Qi Yi". "Qi Qi", apricot satin with patterns. Fourth, write that she "goes up". Yan, a short coat, is made of. "Purple", purple satin with patterns. Write from bottom to top here, first "lower skirt" and then "upper hem". Rove has a pale yellow skirt floating in her lower body and a purple waist-length jacket on her upper body. The colors are harmonious, so elegant and natural.
Here, the general author wants to describe the appearance of Luo Fu. The poet just does not describe the appearance of the characters positively, but blindly describes the mulberry picking utensils and their costumes, just like some skilled painters often add some green leaves around the safflower; Wipe some clouds next to the moon. However, this green leaf, this cloud, is by no means dispensable, it is the foil and rendering of "safflower" and "moon". Due to the support of green leaves, safflower is more and more bright and beautiful; Due to the reflection and rendering of clouds, the moon is getting brighter and brighter. In the poem, the image of Luo Fu is also set off by the technique of "setting clouds to help the moon", and the exquisite mulberry picking equipment and its costumes set off Luo Fu's beautiful appearance and posture.
When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he brushed the mustache. "。 When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe; Come to complain, but sit and watch Luo Fu. "The poet changed another angle and indirectly described the beauty of Luo Fu's image from the feelings and reactions of onlookers. When the travelers saw Luo Fu, they involuntarily laid down their burdens, stroked their beards and watched. When the young man saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and adjusted his scarf with excitement. "The tiller forgets his plow" was originally an abbreviation, meaning "The tiller forgets his plow when he sees Luo Fu"; "Forgetting the hoe" is the abbreviation of "Forgetting the hoe when the hoe sees Luo Fu". This simplicity makes this poem more refined and poetic. The poem shows that all ages are attracted by Luo Fu's beauty through the profile description of "walker" carrying the burden, "teenager" taking off his hat, "tiller" forgetting to plow, and "hoe" forgetting to hoe, which fully shows the gorgeous face of Luo Fu. Especially when they came home, they envied Luo Fu's beauty, which caused their wives' jealousy and led to the details of family "disputes". They are humorous, which makes the story lively and full of strong interest in life. The author does not describe the beauty of Luo Fu's appearance from the front, but writes the admiration of onlookers from the side, leaving a broad imagination space and inspiring readers to imagine rich characters through association according to their own life experiences. In this way, Luo Fu's beauty is more vivid and unforgettable, and the artistic effects received are much better than those of ordinary positive descriptions (such as "moth eyebrows", "almond eyes" and "red lips").
In feudal society, the beauty of working women often leads to persecution by some powerful people. The first paragraph of the poem describes the beauty of Luo Fu, leads to the second and third paragraphs, and tells the story of your shameful molestation and deception of Luo Fu and his severe rejection. The poet is not satisfied with the description of the external beauty of the characters, and the second paragraph goes deep into the revelation of the characters' hearts and personalities.
"The monarch comes from the south, and five horses stand." The "emissary" was the chief of the Han Dynasty. He is a satrap or a secretariat, and has a high official position. He usually takes a five-horse carriage when he goes out. "Your envoys come from the South" can meet Luo Fu in the south corner of Sangcheng and start a story. "Stop" means stop. "wandering", wandering, stagnation Here, the author doesn't mean that the "monarch" controls the horse, but that "five horses stand and stumble", which is a vivid pen. "Five Horses" implicitly wrote the outstanding momentum of "building a monarch"; "Staggered" vividly depicts the lewd ugliness of the "envoy" who was impressed by her gorgeous appearance as soon as he saw Luo Fu, and suddenly had evil thoughts and drooling. At the same time, it also sets off the beauty of Luo Fu from the opposite side.
"Your Majesty sent an official to ask whose family it was." "Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu." ("Hey", beauty. ) "Your Majesty" was anxious to know about Luo Fu after parking, so he sent a servant to find out whose beauty it was. Why do "envoys" want to "send officials" and why do they want to ask "whose family is it?" It can be seen that he has no good intentions. In addition, the poet cleverly omitted the process and language of the servant's inquiry about Luo Fu, and only wrote the answer to the "envoy" when the servant came back: This beautiful woman belongs to the Qin family and her name is Luo Fu.
"Luo Fu Year Geometry?" "Twenty is not enough, fifteen is quite enough." The "special envoy" once again "sent officials to" and asked for further understanding. "Luo Fu Year Geometry" is obviously what "envoys" said when explaining their tasks to their servants. From asking "whose family is it" to asking "the geometry of that year", the sinister intention of "building a monarch" is more obvious. The author still omitted the question and only wrote the answer. When the servant inquired, he told the "envoy" that he was less than 20 years old, and 15 years old was a little early. Hearing this, the "special envoy" was just a young man with his mouth watering.
Your Majesty thanked Luo Fu: "Would you rather recite it?" The "emissary" thought that he could win the favor of the peasant woman by virtue of his high position, wealth and power, so he couldn't wait, abandoned his servants and went to Luofu. * * * naked, he put forward the * * * requirement of "carrying * *", rode with him and went back to the house to be his concubine. In this way, thoroughly exposed the "monarch" to use his power to run amok in an attempt to seize Luo Fu's shameful behavior.
In the third paragraph, I wrote that Luo Fu boasted about her husband and sternly refused to "establish a monarch".
Luo Fu made a speech earlier: "Ambassador your is such a fool! You have a wife, and Luo Fu has a husband. " Clever and clever, Luo Fu has long been wary of the "emissary" who met by the roadside and had never met before. Therefore, when the "emissary" made unreasonable demands, she was neither seduced by her senior officials nor intimidated by his power, and stood up bravely. Her dialogue is well-founded, implicit and targeted, and her righteous words are harsh: "emissary", how can you be so stupid! You have your wife (you are married) and I have my husband (I am married). This answer is both a positive reprimand and a mockery. In this dialogue, Luo Fu's contempt for dignitaries as their agents, indomitable fighting spirit and bold and provocative personality were clearly demonstrated.
"One thousand people ride the east, and the husband is at the top. How to know a husband, a white horse from a colt; Hair tied with ponytail, horsehead covered with gold; Deer sword, a deer in the waist, can be worth more than 10 million. " The poem not only shows Luo Fu's courage to fight, but also does not ignore her wit, courage and good fighting. It is a wonderful description of Luo Fu's exuberant husband in the third paragraph of the poem. Luo Fu understood the psychology of feudal bureaucrats bullying the weak and fearing the hard, and small officials were afraid of big officials, so he tried to boast of his husband in a fictional way, thus overwhelming the other side and mercilessly mocking the insulting request of "establishing a monarch". Father Luo praised her husband from four aspects. The "special envoy" came sitting on "five horses" and thought he was majestic; Luo Fu, judging from her husband's grand occasion, praised him for riding out, and there must be thousands of family members and officers flocking to follow him. In the mighty team, her husband is "among the best", as if he stood out from the crowd. "What's the use of knowing your husband?" A rhetorical question is skillfully mentioned in the poem, and the distinctive sign of her husband is written. The followers all rode black horses, and only he rode a tall white horse at the front. This style, of course, is far from the "monarch" who controls the "five horses". Then Luo Fu boasted about his wealth: his white horse had a blue silk tied to its tail, a golden twisted head on its horse's head and a sword hanging around its waist, which was even more valuable. The husband is so luxurious and rich, even better than the "envoy".
"There are fifteen officials, twenty doctors, thirty assistants and forty experts in the city." Luo Fu praised her husband's official position and counted his frequent promotion: when he was fifteen, he was just a petty official with a low status; After only five years, he was promoted to a court doctor; At the age of 30, he was even more successful and became an assistant minister; Now he is only forty years old, but he already has counties and cities and has become the governor of the ruling party. Luo Fu this passage, speak closely, very measured, impeccable, has a strong threat. She praises her husband, limited to 40 years old, and her official position is only about satrap; Let the "emissary" see his promising year and promising future from her husband's official career. In this way, from now to the future, the "special envoy" has been strongly countered.
"It is white and it is quite necessary; Ministry of Industry and Service of Ying Ying, Ran Ran and Zhong Chao. There are thousands of people sitting inside, and they all say that their husbands are different. " Luo Fu also deliberately boasted about her husband's looks and natural demeanor: her husband's looks are also very handsome, handsome and extraordinary, with a white face and a little beard; He paced the government with measured steps, as poised as an adjutant; When civil servants and military commanders gather together, thousands of officials, who don't praise his generous manners and outstanding talent and appearance. This naturally makes the "ambassador" ashamed.
Poetry came to an abrupt end in * *, and comedy ended in the joy of victory. Judging from the development of the story, it seems that there should be another "ending", but the author is so reluctant to write. However, readers can imagine this kind of "ending": how the "monarch" felt dejected, how he fled in panic, and so on. Received exquisite tailoring and endless artistic effects.
summary
Mulberry in Shang Mo tells the story of a satrap who dallies with a mulberry picking woman and is severely rejected. The story described in this narrative poem is of typical significance. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was not uncommon for wealthy nobles to seize ordinary people by virtue of their power. According to "The History of the Later Han Dynasty", Wang captured 37 wives. Mulberry on the Stranger reflects this dark reality. It exposes the meanness of feudal bureaucrats, shows the loyal and brave working woman Rove, praises the brave spirit and art of struggle of working people, and is full of optimism. All these reflect the wishes, love and hate of the working people.
The truth of art is not equal to the truth of life. Luo Fu doesn't need to brag about her husband's plot. Poetry expresses thoughts and feelings by using fictional and exaggerated techniques commonly used in folk songs, and expresses the personality of characters. At the same time, because of fiction and extravagance, the narrative of the story is swaying.
The language of Shang Mo Sang is lyrical, descriptive, exaggerated and popular, forming a simple, natural and fresh style. Poetry is mainly narrative. In narrative stories, the author uses various artistic techniques to express his love and hate for the characters. The poet grasps the key points of portraying characters and describes them from the front or side, which not only expresses his feelings, but also develops the story. For example, those poems about Luo Fu's clothing are not only plot factors, but also express the poet's praise and portrait description. In poetry, narrative, lyricism and description are organically integrated, and efforts are made to portray the characters' personalities, making them lifelike and making amazing artistic achievements. Therefore, Shang Mo Sang has been loved and told by people for thousands of years.