An operational amplifier is an electronic component that can amplify an input signal to a higher voltage or current level. It is one of the most commonly used amplifiers in electronic circuits because it can perform many different operations, such as amplification, filtering, integration and differentiation. It is usually composed of multiple resistors, capacitors and transistors. Different amplification and filtering effects can be achieved by adjusting the values of resistors and capacitors.

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The basic function of an operational amplifier is to amplify signals. When the input signal passes through the amplifier, it will be amplified to a higher voltage or current level. The amplification factor of the amplifier can be controlled by adjusting the values of resistance and capacitance. For example, if we input a signal of 0. 1V into the amplifier and set the amplification factor to 100, the output signal will be 10V.

Filtering action

Operational amplifiers can also be used for filtering. Filtering is the process of removing some frequency components from the input signal. Operational amplifiers can be filtered by connecting capacitors and resistors. For example, when we input a signal containing high-frequency noise into an operational amplifier, we can filter out these high-frequency components with a capacitor, thus obtaining a smoother output signal.

Integral action

Operational amplifiers can also be used for integration. Integration is the process of converting the continuous change of input signal into the cumulative change of output signal. Operational amplifiers can be integrated by connecting capacitors and resistors. For example, when we input a sine wave into an operational amplifier, we can integrate this signal with a capacitor to obtain a cosine wave output signal.

Differential action

Operational amplifiers can also be used to perform differential operations. Differential is the process of converting instantaneous change of input signal into continuous change of output signal. Operational amplifiers can be distinguished by connecting capacitors and resistors. For example, if we input a square wave into an operational amplifier, we can differentiate this signal with a capacitor and get a pulse signal to output.

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