Hello! Now I will take you to visit the world-famous Buddhist art treasure house-Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. Mogao grottoes is 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang city. I will use this time to make a brief introduction to the Mogao Grottoes. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes and Datong Yungang Grottoes are also called the three major grottoes in China. Mogao Grottoes are 128 years earlier than Longmen Grottoes and 94 years earlier than Yungang Grottoes. The Mogao Grottoes are famous for their age. The scale of architecture, the number of murals, the number of statues and the integrity of preservation are famous for their profound artistic value, and they are well-known at home and abroad. It is called "a big gallery" by Japanese scholars because of its large scale, wide range of subjects and exquisite art. French scholars call it "the library on the wall"; As a scholar said with emotion after seeing the Mogao Grottoes, "Seeing the Li Huang Grottoes means seeing the ancient civilization of the world". Gaoxiang Cave is commonly known as Thousand Buddha Cave. The "thousand" here does not refer to a specific number, but to many things. Because there are many Buddhist statues and murals in the cave, it is commonly known as the "Thousand Buddha Cave". The name of Mogao Grottoes first appeared in the inscription of Cave 423 in Sui Dynasty. There are different opinions about the origin of its name, and there are roughly three versions. First, it is said that the Gao Fei Grottoes are named after being dug high in the desert. In ancient Chinese, the word "Mo" in "Mo" and the word "Mo" in "Mogao Grottoes" are interchangeable words. Secondly, according to the documents unearthed in the Tibetan Sutra Cave and many documents in the Tang Dynasty, Dunhuang County in Shazhou in the Tang Dynasty was called "the mountain of desert" and "the desert Korea". According to this research, Mingsha Mountain was also called desert mountain in Sui and Tang Dynasties, so the grottoes were named after nearby towns and villages. The third is that the sound of "Mogao" means liberation in Sanskrit, and "Mogao" is a transliteration of Sanskrit. Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Dunhuang has always been the settlement of the Han nationality and many ethnic minorities, where the cultures of all ethnic groups meet and blend. Dunhuang is also the throat of the western regions and the eastern Central Plains. It can be seen that the green building in front is the Mogao Grottoes, with its back against Mingsha Mountain and facing three dangerous peaks. The total length of the South and North Grottoes is 1600 meters, and there are 492 existing caves. Caves vary in size, strewn at random up and down, with dense cliffs. Each cave has lifelike statues, elegant flying, exquisite murals and exquisite tiles, forming a whole. The Mogao Grottoes were built in 366 AD, two years earlier than the Qin Dynasty. After Beiliang, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia, Yuan and other dynasties. There are more than 45,000 square meters of murals and more than 2,400 statues in the existing grottoes. The largest statue has a owner of more than meters, and the largest mural is about 50 square meters. These murals and statues reflect the society, production, life, transportation, architecture, art, music, dance, folk customs, religious beliefs, ideological changes, ethnic relations, and Chinese-foreign exchanges at that time to varying degrees. It lasted for thousands of years in China from the 4th century to14th century. Among the three major grottoes in China, the Mogao Grottoes are the earliest discovered, longest lasting, largest and most abundant grottoes. It also has precious value in the history of world culture. Known as "the treasure of human culture", "the museum of image history" and "the world gallery". Now I am going to visit the cave. First, we will visit the famous "Tibetan Sutra Cave". This cave is located on the north side of Kavino Tunnel. System engineering, numbered Cave 17. It was originally the "shadow cave" of monks in Hexi, Hong Tong in the late Tang Dynasty, and it was recorded in inscriptions. Next, I will take you to visit Cave 328. The beauty of this cave lies in the statue. Before entering the cave, I will give you an overview of color sculptures. The colored sculptures in Mogao Grottoes include circular sculptures, floating sculptures and shadow sculptures. The smallest is less than an inch, and the largest is 34.5 meters high, making it the fourth largest Buddha statue in the world. Statues are generally made of wood, wrapped in straw, straw, reed, hemp and so on. , then coated with special plastic, shaped and carved, and finally painted with color. There are four main types of Buddha statues: (1) Buddha statues, including Sakyamuni, Maitreya, Pharmacist, Amitabha, III Buddha and VII Buddha; (2) Statues of Bodhisattvas, including Guanyin, Manjusri, Pu Xian and offering sacrifices to Bodhisattvas; (3) Disciples, including Ye Jia and Ananda; (4) Statues of gods, including Heavenly Kings, Lux and Lohan. And some animal statues such as ghosts and gods. Due to the different production years, the styles are quite different, especially the styles of "showing bones and clearing images" in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, "Cao clothes coming out of the water" and "Five Dynasties prevailing" in Tang Dynasty, which fully reflected the extraordinary imagination and superb thinking of artists at that time. Statues are the main body of the grottoes, mostly the combination of 1 Buddha 2 bodhisattvas, which gradually evolved from thick in the early stage to thin in the later stage. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there have been a number of statues of seven or nine bodies, as well as large-scale statues, such as 148, 158 cave-length 16 meters above two nirvana statues, 96 caves with a height of 3,405 meters, and 130 caves with a height of 26 meters. Cave 285 is the representative cave of Mogao Grottoes in the Western Wei Dynasty. Its architectural form is a square Zen cave with overlapping roofs, which covers the four or five years of the unification of the Western Wei Dynasty. It is the earliest cave in the Mogao Grottoes, with a record of years.