Pruning procedure refers to the process of pruning a tree from beginning to end, which should be carried out according to the procedure of "observing-sorting out miscellaneous branches-bottom-up-top-down-inspection and treatment".
(1) Observation: When pruning, it is forbidden to cut indiscriminately, not to think, and not to follow the rules of tree composition.
This will cut off the branches that need to be preserved and make the tree shapeless.
Before you start work, you can walk around the tree a few times and observe and think about whether the original shaping method is reasonable and whether the tree is balanced.
If there is a big problem with the way the tree is shaped, it needs to be reshaped; If the tree is strong and weak, weak and strong, or the main branches (or lateral branches) are unbalanced, the reasons should be analyzed so as to take corresponding pruning measures; If it is a flowering tree species, we should also consider how to prune it to bloom well.
After forming a hands-on "draft", you can start pruning.
(2) Finishing miscellaneous branches: This is the first step of manual pruning, and most of them are thinning branches.
Sorting out miscellaneous branches is not a technical job, but it is necessary.
There are many kinds of miscellaneous branches, and different tree species and ages have different definitions of miscellaneous branches.
Among them, pests, dead branches and residual piles can be removed without hesitation; For too dense branches, it is often a part of sparse, leaving a part; For cross branches, parallel branches, parallel branches, etc. At least one of them is refined; For long branches and budding branches, except regeneration, thinning is generally carried out; For inward branching, drooping branching, etc. , depending on the specific situation.
Some leafy trees have a good posture, or "centrifugal baldness" is relatively strong. After plastic surgery, you only need to trim the miscellaneous branches.
Some trees are pruned less because of fewer branches.
The technical requirements for shaping and pruning these tree species are not high, but after all, they are a minority.
Sort out the miscellaneous branches, and the rest are basically effective branches.
(3) Bottom-up, from the inside out, combining "thinness" with "freedom": this step is the core of plastic surgery.
"From bottom to top, from inside to outside" is actually the order from big branches to small branches, which is pruned by combining long-term planting and thinning.
Whether these big branches are long or thin needs priority.
If you decide to prune the big branches, the twigs on the big branches will be solved together with the big branches, so you can't act rashly when pruning the big branches.
After solving the big branches, we should also consider how to thin the small branches on the big branches.
The combined application of long-term collapse and thinning is the basic technology of plastic surgery.
For leafy trees, the purpose of long-term planting is to keep the original state and direction of branches, and the purpose of thinning is to coordinate the balance of all parts of the tree; For flowers and trees, it is mainly from the flowering demand (of course, most of them should also consider the tree shape). The purpose of long-term planting is to maintain the growth and development of the original branches, and the purpose of thinning is to adjust the unbalanced relationship between the growth and development of the whole tree or a certain part.
(4) Top-down, from outside to inside, with "cutting" and "changing": this step is the core of pruning.
"From top to bottom, from outside to inside" is the order of cutting and changing heads.
After the whole tree is thinned and lengthened, for some branches, except the branches that need to be "laid", the other branches need to be shortened or replaced.
The purpose of head change is to extend the branch and lead the branch. You must start from the top of a branch (or branch group) to change its growth potential or direction.
Short cut is aimed at dormant annual branches, starting from the top of branches, according to the order from top to bottom or from the periphery inward, to determine whether it is light short cut, medium short cut and heavy short cut, in order to promote branches or adjust the relationship between growth and development.
(5) Inspection and processing: This is the last step of trimming or shaping.
After the plastic trimming is basically completed, in order to ensure the quality of work, it is necessary to check the processing.
Sometimes, standing in the same place after pruning looks good, but not necessarily from another angle.
So, at least walk around the tree and look around.
If you are not satisfied, deal with it immediately and try to prune it completely and thoughtfully.