Male mammary dysplasia, also known as male mammary hyperplasia or male female mammary gland, refers to the abnormal development and hyperplasia of male mammary gland tissue. The disease affects aesthetic and psychological health, and the incidence rate is increasing gradually, which attracts more and more attention of clinicians. At present, there are many treatments for gynecomastia, including etiological treatment, drug treatment and surgical treatment. For male patients with breast development with definite etiology, etiological treatment is the most important choice. However, a considerable number of patients can not find the primary disease in clinic, and the effect of drug treatment is not obvious. At this time, surgical treatment is a very important choice. However, the surgical treatment of male gynecomastia also needs relative surgical indications, which mainly include: ① breast diameter >; 4 cm for 24 months; ② those with symptoms; ③ Suspected malignant transformation; (4) those who are ineffective in drug treatment; (5) affect the appearance or patients are afraid of cancer, requiring surgery. The plastic methods of male breast development can be divided into sharp resection, aspiration and aspiration plus sharp resection. 1. sharp resection method: small incision is adopted, and the incision is mostly selected in the areola, around the areola, armpit and other parts with small and hidden postoperative scars. This method has the characteristics of low incidence of postoperative complications such as subcutaneous hematoma, effusion, nipple necrosis and nipple sensory disturbance, and small scar. The main surgical incisions are radial incision above areola, subaxillary incision, semi-circular incision inside areola and circular incision around areola. 2. Suction method: Suction method is to remove subcutaneous fat and breast soft tissue according to the principle of liposuction and negative pressure suction. This method has the characteristics of little injury, fast skin retraction and inconspicuous scar. This method can achieve the purpose of treating patients with adipose tissue hyperplasia, but whether this method can remove breast parenchyma is still controversial. 3. Suction plus sharp resection: This method removes breast fat by suction, and then sharply removes breast parenchyma, which can achieve the purpose of removing a large number of breast tissues, reducing intraoperative bleeding, reducing postoperative complications and better restoring chest shape. Experienced clinicians can choose the best scheme according to the specific situation of patients with mammary gland hyperplasia. In recent years, Professor Jinglong Cai of our country has used swelling local anesthesia technique to treat male breast development through a double-ring incision in areola and a single pedicle on the outer dermis of nipple. Local anesthesia can meet the needs of surgery, with little surgical injury, complete mastectomy and few complications. After long-term follow-up, the breast is glandular hyperplasia, and its size, shape and feeling are similar to those of normal men, which can achieve the effect of plastic surgery and beauty. Contributed by sixteen plastic surgery (scar comprehensive treatment center)

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