1, how to remove scars after burns?
Whether it is burns caused by water, fire or oil, the five steps of emergency rescue are basic principles.
This principle is very useful as long as you encounter high temperature burns. Usually, as long as the skin is exposed to the temperature above 60 ~ 70℃, the protein of the skin tissue will be denatured, which will lead to the risk of scalding.
Because skin tissue contains epidermal cells, most of which are collagen, that is, protein, and protein begins to denature at about 60 ~ 70℃, not to mention the danger of burns or scalds when it encounters high temperature above 100℃.
2. The kitchen is the easiest to burn.
The place where you often encounter high temperature at home should be the kitchen with the most water, fire and oil. We often encounter many patients who accidentally knock over when boiling water, causing burns or accidentally pulling the wire of the thermos bottle, resulting in scalding by hot water. Some housewives just want to see the food when cooking, but as soon as they open the lid, they are scalded by the steam coming straight.
There are many examples of family burns, especially when cooking, often because the temperature of the pan is too high, the oil falls down at once, and it is scalded by the hot oil spilled from the oil pan, or when cooking, the oil and water accidentally meet, resulting in burns. When you take a hot bath in winter, you will put hot water first and then cold water. As a result, you were scalded by hot water before you could put cold water in it.
People are often burned by the exhaust pipe of motorcycles. The temperature of motorcycle exhaust pipe is quite high when it just turns off, and sometimes it is easy to burn if you don't pay attention when passing by. This ratio is very high, and serious cases may be directly linked to the emergency department. Red swelling may appear at the moment of fever, and blisters will begin to appear after a few hours. This condition is considered as a second-degree burn.
3, burns can be divided into three levels.
Whether it is water, fire or oil, burns and scalds caused by any reason can be roughly divided into three grades according to the degree of skin damage:
(1) level 1
Usually epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue will be reactive congestion, and there will be mild edema and pain. Although the skin will be red, it will not blister, and it will naturally fall off and heal after a few days. This kind of burn is also common in sunbathing.
(2) the second level
If the dermis is injured, blisters will appear in the wound, which is the most easily recognized feature of second-degree burns and scalds, and blisters are caused by local wounds, and the pain will be more serious than first-degree burns and scalds. This level of burns and scalds can be further subdivided into:
SuperfiicalDermalInjury degree burn: the wound is even pink to red, which usually heals itself within 2 weeks, and there is no obvious scar after that.
Deep second-degree burns: wounds often show uneven surface color distribution, which can be pink to red wounds or uneven white or brown patches. The healing time of this kind of wound usually takes more than 2 weeks, sometimes even as long as 1 month, leaving obvious scars.
(3) the third level
If the scope of burns and scalds reaches the degree of necrosis of epidermis and all dermis, it is called "full-thickness burns and scalds" and is a third-grade burn and scald. Whether it is high-energy instantaneous burn or low-energy but long-lasting burn, it may cause tissue necrosis and reach third-degree burn.
At this stage, the surface of the wound presents white patches and even becomes eschar. This kind of wound can't heal itself. It must be debrided. If the burned area is too large and the tissue cannot grow back, it must be transplanted from other parts for skin grafting or flap reconstruction.
4. Treatment of scars after burns and scalds
(1) whitening and brightening skin pigment ointment
Usually, shallow burns and scalds below the second degree are mainly inflammatory reactions. After temporary wound inflammation, there will be redness and swelling, the epidermis will look red, and some will produce melanin precipitation. If melanin deposition is left, it can be improved by whitening and lightening pigment ointment.
(2) fat and hyaluronic acid filler
Permanent scars belong to deep second-degree burns and scalds. Even if the wound heals, it may produce concave scars, and fillers (such as fat fillers and hyaluronic acid) must be used.
(3) Wear elastic clothes or body-shaping clothes
If the wound is prominent, the smaller one can be treated with physical pressure (such as silicone sheet, silicone belt, silicone ointment, etc.). If it is a wound in a big garden, you must wear elastic clothes or a bra. Sometimes it will take different forms depending on the injured part, such as local sleeves, a full-body bra, or a hood.
(4) physical pressurization
After the body is injured, the tissue will spontaneously proliferate, resulting in hypertrophic scars. If this scar appears in some areas, it may also lead to swelling of crab feet, usually deep burns. The time of physical compression therapy is generally at least 6 months, and the cost usually ranges from thousands to tens of thousands of yuan.
(5) Dye laser
In the case of vascular dilatation accompanied by temporary redness, or in the case of hyperplastic scars with more vascularity, "dye laser" can be used. If the surface skin looks red, some concave scars can also be treated. Because the cost of dye laser is relatively high, not every medical institution has such equipment. The charging standard is based on the number of rounds (the price of each round is about 100 yuan), usually depending on the scope, ranging from several thousand yuan to tens of thousands of yuan. After receiving laser treatment, you should pay attention to avoid excessive sun exposure, apply local ice, ointment or emulsion as appropriate, and don't rub the laser irradiation position.
Scar repair operation
The timing of scar removal surgery is generally 6 months after injury. If the physical compression effect is not good, surgical scar removal will be considered. However, if the patient's normal physical function has been restricted at the joint activity, scar reconstruction, skin flap or artificial tissue expander reconstruction, skin grafting and other treatments should be carried out in advance.
Scar repair surgery is a treatment method of plastic surgery. Usually, when the local scar contracture has caused the body function to be limited (such as joint movement or facial part), it is necessary to remove the scar and release the contracture tissue through surgery. If it is a disease, there is medical insurance to pay for it. If it is for beauty, it needs to be paid at its own expense. Scar treatment is mostly based on length, and the price per centimeter ranges from 5000 to 10000 yuan.
5. How to relieve scars?
1, pay attention to skin cleaning. When the burn wound has just healed, bacteria are easy to multiply rapidly, and the epidermis is thin and tender, which is easy to cause infection and ulceration. At the same time, a neutral cleaner can be used for cleaning to reduce infection.
2. Prevent scar hyperplasia and contracture. At present, there is no drug that can completely prevent scar hyperplasia after burn, so patients should grasp the opportunity of operation during treatment to prevent disability. Children, in particular, should be treated early, and plastic surgery can be advanced appropriately.
3. After lower limb burns, it is not advisable to go to the ground too early. In order to avoid pulling the capillary to break and turn purple, even bleeding, leading to scar hyperplasia, it is generally more appropriate to go underground for about 3 months. Pay attention to the protection of lower limbs.
4, blisters should be timely drainage, avoid infection to form ulcers. If blisters are not treated in time and correctly, infections will often occur and ulcers will form. If scar hyperplasia is caused, patients should implement anti-scar treatment after the blisters subside and the ulcers heal.
5, early prevention, perseverance. The formation process of burn scar can be roughly divided into proliferative phase, stable phase and regression phase. However, due to various reasons, ulcers, pain, etc. It is easy to happen, resulting in patients unable to adhere to scar rehabilitation treatment. These patients should pay attention.