Planting method of potted apple trees
Flower pot selection
Pots for potted fruit trees should be made of pottery pots, wooden barrels and wooden boxes with good permeability, good root growth, high quality and low price, and the shape is mainly round. Plain fire pottery pots are most suitable for planting fruit trees in various containers. The size of the flowerpot can be determined as required. Generally, it can be placed indoors or on the balcony, with an inner diameter of 25 ~ 45 cm and a height of about 20 ~ 35 cm.
Basin soil structure
1, 6 parts of fertile ripe soil, 2 parts of river sand, decomposed sheep manure 1 part, decomposed leaves and horseshoe fermented manure 1 part, evenly mixed in proportion, and sieved.
2.5 parts of compost soil, 2.5 parts of garden soil and 2.5 parts of sandy soil, and then 0.5 ~ 1 kg of 25% Krypton-P-K compound fertilizer is added per cubic meter, and mixed evenly.
3. 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of humus soil, 2 parts of rotary tillage soil and plant ash 1 part, fully and evenly mixed, rolled and sieved.
Upstream basin culture
Before germination in spring, select seedlings with strong plants, full bud eyes and no pests and diseases for potted plants. Before planting, trim the roots, cut off the necrotic roots and smooth the injured lateral roots. If the lateral roots are too long, cut them short and grow fibrous roots, and try to keep the useful fibrous roots. If the fibrous root is too long, cut off about 20 cm and soak it in 5 degree sulfur mixture for disinfection. When planting, put a few broken tiles on the selected pit at the bottom of the basin, spread a layer of coarse sand, add some nutrient soil, put seedlings, put the roots evenly, then add enough nutrient soil for compaction, pour enough water and cover with plastic film.
Fertilizer and water management
Because the root growth of potted fruit trees is limited, the nutrients absorbed are far from meeting the growth needs of fruit trees, so special attention should be paid to fertilizer and water management. Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by quick-acting fertilizer, based on the principle of less application and multiple times, combined with topdressing outside the roots. Generally, diluted organic fertilizer solution is applied every 7 ~ 10 days in the growth period, and urea solution and organic fertilizer solution can be applied alternately for 2 ~ 3 times in the early stage. For the last fertilization in September, a small amount of compound fertilizer of nitrogen and potassium can be applied in the basin soil, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea can be applied after the roots to ensure nutrient supply. Potted fruit trees should maintain a certain humidity during the growth period, and should be watered in time after drying, but not too wet. Water once in the morning and evening in summer and once every other day in autumn. Water should be strictly controlled during dormancy so that the soil in the basin is not too dry.
Crown controlled plastic surgery
1. Tree selection: Potted fruit trees can be shaped into natural round heads, towers, two antlers, a cliff, weeping willows, dragon bends and other trees that are beneficial to fruit and have aesthetic appreciation value according to personal hobbies and the growth characteristics of planted tree species.
2. Crown control pruning: Crown control technology plays a key role in the success or failure of fruit tree bonsai cultivation. Through the organic combination of dwarfing intermediate stock and short branch varieties, the crown can be controlled by applying early fruit and flower promotion techniques such as ring cutting, bud smearing, core removal and branch pulling. , you can increase the load and retraction appropriately. Chemical control technology can also be used to dwarf trees, and plant growth inhibitors such as chlormequat chloride, PBO and paclobutrazol can be sprayed on leaves for 2-3 times during the growth period to make branches stout, internodes short and plants dwarf.
Guo Hua management
Most fruit trees have the characteristics of poor self-flowering or low self-flowering and fruit-setting rate, and the fruit-setting rate can be improved by grafting pollination branches, artificial pollination and boron spraying at flowering stage. For bonsai with large flower buds and many fruit sets, strict flower and fruit thinning should be carried out. In order to improve the fruit quality and ornamental value of potted fruit trees, fruit bagging can be carried out, and words and decals can be attached before the fruit matures 15 ~ 30 days.
control of insect
Potted fruit trees have fine management, good ventilation and light transmission, vigorous growth and less pests and diseases. Insist on prevention and control? Prevention first, combining prevention with treatment, physical prevention first, and chemical prevention second? The principle of. Once pests and diseases occur, it is necessary to remove diseased branches, fruits and leaves in time, scrape off diseased spots and artificially catch pests. When serious pests and diseases occur, you can choose to spray 800 times solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 500 times solution of 65% zineb wettable powder to prevent diseases. Use aphid 2.5% 1800 times solution and white mite 20%/2000 times solution to control aphids, red spiders and other pests.
Pot changing management of potted apple trees
1, basin change conditions
① After long-term plant selection and absorption of mineral nutrients, the original basin soil makes plants lack of disease samples, or the physical properties of the basin soil become worse, the aeration becomes worse, and the plants grow poorly. Therefore, the original basin can be used instead of the culture soil.
② The plant is too big, and the original pot soil is no longer suitable for the growth of the plant. It is necessary to expand the volume of basin soil and increase the water absorption area of root system, and it is necessary to replace a larger basin.
(3) Perennial plants grow in pots and are older, and their roots cross, crowd and interweave with each other, which affects the growth of new roots and significantly weakens the ability to absorb nutrients. At this time, it is necessary to change pots, increase appropriate fertilization management, and trim roots properly, so as to rejuvenate and renew roots and enhance the growth and fruit of trees.
(4) When the root system is found to have pests and diseases, the root system should be pruned and changed in combination with pest control.
2. Time for changing pots: both in spring and autumn. Autumn should be carried out after the autumn shoots of potted fruit trees stop growing and before the root system appears the third growth peak. Deciduous fruit trees are carried out in spring before the root system begins to grow for the first time, and evergreen fruit trees are generally carried out in rainy season.
3. Pot changing method: based on the principle of no root damage or less root damage. The specific operation method depends on the size of the pot. If the diameter of the flowerpot is less than 40 cm, you can hold the base of the plant with your left hand, pat the wall of the flowerpot with your right hand, then disconnect the flowerpot and pull up the plant with both hands. If the container is large, or planted in a wooden bucket, it is best to water it once two days ago, then tie the crown with a rope, carefully turn the bucket sideways and pat the cylinder wall to separate the soil from the basin wall. Then one person holds the jar mouth tightly with both hands, and the other person pulls out the plant hard.
Nutritional value of apples
1, rich in zinc: do you have apples? Wisdom fruit? 、? Memory fruit? Good name. People have long found that eating more apples can improve memory and intelligence. According to research, zinc is a component of many important enzymes in human body and a key element to promote growth and development. Zinc is also an essential element for nucleic acid and protein, which is closely related to memory. Zinc is also closely related to the production of antibodies and the improvement of human immunity.
2. The water content of fresh apples is 85%.
3. Apples contain polyphenols and flavonoids, natural chemical antioxidants and a lot of crude fiber.
4. It contains more potassium, which can be combined with excess sodium salt in human body and excreted. When the human body ingests too much sodium salt, eating some apples is beneficial to balance the electrolytes in the body.
5, phosphorus, iron and other elements are easily absorbed by the intestinal wall, which has the functions of nourishing the brain, calming the nerves and helping sleep.
6. The aroma of apples is a good medicine for depression and depression. After many experiments, experts found that among many smells, the aroma of apples has the greatest impact on people's psychology and has obvious effect on eliminating psychological depression. Clinical application has proved that patients with mental depression can greatly improve their mood, relax and eliminate depression after smelling the aroma of apples.
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