The planting quality of Myrica rubra seedlings directly affects the survival, fruit and yield of planting. At present, Myrica rubra is planted by grafting bag seedlings, expanding planting holes, improving soil, applying more organic fertilizer and improving soil physical and chemical properties. After cutting, the fruit begins to bear fruit for 3-4 years.
1. Excavation of planting pit. If possible, you can open terraces first, and then dig planting pits (ponds). The planting pit requires a depth of 80 cm and a diameter of 80 cm. When digging a hole, pay attention to one side of the topsoil and subsoil. When backfilling, the surface soil can be filled first, and then the bottom soil can be filled. You can dig holes two months before sowing, and after several months of weathering, you can improve the soil. Before planting, put a proper amount of farmyard manure or add 300g of calcium superphosphate, mix it with fine soil evenly, and then fill the topsoil.
2. Planting density should be determined according to environmental conditions, soil fertility and variety characteristics. If the environment is small, the climate is suitable, the soil layer is deep and the soil fertility is sufficient, it can be planted thinly, the plant spacing can be between 4×5 meters, and 33 plants can be planted per mu. Generally, the hillside has good ventilation and light transmission, shallow soil layer and poor soil quality. The plant spacing is 3× 4m, and 55 plants are planted per mu.
3. The general planting period is 65438+February to the following year 1 early month.
Second, seedling planting
Before planting, trim the damaged roots, cut off the twigs at the top, and cut off two-thirds of the leaves of the plant, leaving the leaves with mature roots. After the seedlings are planted stably, dig a small pond with a diameter of about 50 cm around the seedlings for watering. Then cover the small pond with plastic film, leaving a small hole in the middle of the plastic film and compacting it with soil around it. After film mulching, the small pond will be funnel-shaped, and water can directly penetrate into the roots of seedlings in the middle holes when watering. According to the comparison between plastic film mulching and plastic film mulching in recent years, the survival rate of plastic film mulching is higher than that of plastic film mulching, and germination is earlier than that of plastic film mulching. Generally, the seedlings are slightly higher than the original place after planting, and basically the same as the original place after raining and sinking.
Three. soil management
In order to bear fruit and harvest early and improve economic benefits, scientific cultivation management methods must be adopted.
1, the growth of young Myrica rubra with intertillage weeding is slow and it is difficult to compete with weeds. Moderate loosening soil and weeding are beneficial to plant growth. In the second year of planting, the pond will turn over deeply and expand the area. When loosening the soil to expand the pond, the uprooted straw mulch and topsoil will be buried in the soil after drying. Weeding in intertillage in Myrica rubra orchard should be carried out 2-3 times a year.
2. Fertilization management
(1) Before the new shoots of newly-cut Myrica rubra are aged in the first year, appropriate growth regulators can be sprayed outside the roots to promote the rejuvenation and maturity of young leaves and shoots.
(2) Myrica rubra is an evergreen fruit tree, and the effect of foliar fertilization in rhizosphere and outside root will be better.
3. Reasonable application of water in flowering period, if there is high temperature and no rain, the surface is short of water and the air temperature is low, it will inevitably cause a large number of flowers to fall. April-May is the mature period of waxberry fruit expansion, and the demand for water is very urgent, so attention should be paid to irrigation. However, from August to 65438+February, the flower buds of Myrica rubra will continue to differentiate and increase. If the rain is too abundant, it will cause long autumn and long white, which will affect the differentiation and growth of flower buds. Therefore, proper fertilizer and water control should be taken in this season to promote flower bud differentiation and healthy growth.
4. Intercropping and soil improvement In the young stage of Myrica rubra, the crown and root system are not widely distributed, so other crops can be intercropped by using the gap between plants. But intercropping crops should not be close to plants, otherwise it will affect the growth of Myrica rubra. Dwarf crops, such as soybean, mung bean and cowpea, are suitable for interplanting in Myrica rubra orchard. After harvest in intercropping crops, roots, stems, leaves, etc. The rest can cover the surface and be buried deep in the soil after drying, which can increase soil organic matter and change soil physical properties.
Fourth, plastic trimming.
Pruning methods and skills ① Thinning: Delete branches, branches or branching groups at the base. Overgrowth, overgrowth, pests and diseases are carried out in this way. ② Retraction: It means to cut off the side branches and nutrient branches near the top. Such as long plant branches, long branches, injury skills and so on. (3) Short cutting: most of the big branches, lateral branches and long branches are cut off, and a short section is left for cultivating regenerated branches. However, the purpose of cutting young trees is to promote multiple new shoots and expand the growth of crown. When pruning, always look at the whole tree, which method to prune, or not to prune. When pruning, prune the big branches first and then the small branches. The steps from the periphery to the inner hall should be carried out in order, so as not to repeat or cut chromium.
Myrica rubra is an evergreen fruit tree, which can be pruned at other times except from flowering to fruit maturity, but the best time is within one month after fruit picking, which is beneficial to tree growth and flower bud differentiation.
The crown of cultivated Myrica rubra is relatively wide, and the crown is relatively scattered after fruit hanging, with little pruning. Except for cleaning up pests and damaged branches, most of them do not need complicated pruning. Therefore, the pruning of Myrica rubra is not as important as apples, pears and grapes of deciduous fruit trees. As long as we combine fertilizer and water management, pest control and comprehensive management and give full play to their respective advantages, they will complement each other.