Fungal onychomycosis can appear in many colors, the most common is grayish white, and brown, taupe or dark brown can also be seen. At the same time, it can be seen that the deck is thickened and brittle, or the middle deck is hollowed out, or the nail edge is uneven, or the deck is incomplete. Some may also be accompanied by paronychia, local redness and pain.
There are many kinds of fungi that can cause onychomycosis, the most common ones are Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton gypsum and Trichophyton floccosum. Other Trichophyton fungi, Trichophyton purpurea, Trichophyton interruptum, Trichophyton roseum and Trichophyton concentric can also cause onychomycosis. In addition, in the case of nail malnutrition, there are several fungi that often cause nail diseases, such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and so on.
As we know, nails or toenails are very hard, and a sound deck can completely resist the invasion of any microorganisms. But why do so many people suffer from onychomycosis? Patients with onychomycosis often suffer from tinea manuum or tinea pedis. Fungi first invade the skin around nails, then gradually invade the deck through the growth and evolution of nails or toenails, and further grow and reproduce until the whole deck is destroyed. If fungi invade the root of nails and affect the growth of nails, it will cause nail dysplasia or nail deformity. Generally speaking, this process is relatively slow. More often, onychomycosis is caused by fungal infection after nail breakage due to trauma or frequent scratching. For example, patients with tinea pedis or tinea cruris often scratch their fingernails because of itchy fingers, so many fungi in skin lesions will stick to their fingernails. Long-term repeated scratching and rubbing can easily damage nails, allowing fungi to take advantage of it and cause onychomycosis.
In addition, there is another situation that is prone to onychomycosis, that is, when the systemic or local resistance is low. The former mainly refers to people with congenital immunodeficiency who are particularly susceptible to fungal infection; The latter is found in patients with nail malnutrition or nail dysplasia.
It is worth noting that there are many reasons for nail changes, and it cannot be considered that all nail diseases are onychomycosis. We won't discuss it in detail here, but we should grasp that the onset of onychomycosis often starts from one toenail and then gradually spreads to other toenails. If ten fingernails or toenails appear at the same time, it is often a manifestation of systemic diseases. Of course, the most fundamental basis for the diagnosis of onychomycosis is fungal examination, that is, scraping a small amount of debris from the diseased nail, or directly examining it under a microscope or cultivating it on a culture medium. As long as the pathogenic fungi can be found, there is no need to explain them.
Correct treatment of onychomycosis;
Because the nail structure is dense, it prevents the penetration of external drugs, which brings great difficulties to the treatment of onychomycosis. Therefore, onychomycosis has always been considered as a chronic disease.
After the failure of direct external use of drugs, people use nail removal, that is, pulling out nails and external use of drugs, but the effect is poor. Although anesthetics are used, the nerve endings at the fingertips will still make patients suffer.
It was not until the end of 1980s that another treatment for onychomycosis-broad-spectrum antifungal oral drugs was discovered abroad. It can really cure diseases from the inside out. Another advantage of taking oral medicine is that it eliminates the trouble of taking medicine every day, which is easy and convenient. At the same time, oral drugs can also treat tinea manuum, tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris and tinea capitis, such as spirochete capsules. However, the shortcomings are also obvious. Oral antifungal drugs do great harm to liver and kidney. Some drugs need to be taken for a period of time to check the liver function, and the course of treatment is long and the effect is slow. It takes about 4-6 months to be completely cured. At the same time, the cost is high, which brings great burden to patients with poor economic conditions. The most important thing is that it will cause harm to the body, so oral antifungal drugs are rarely used except in hospitals.
You can try Dashan root bacteriostatic cream.