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Outline of Practice Report of No.1 Oil Production Plant in Henan Oilfield
First of all, briefly introduce the internship process.
Second, the detailed production practice
1, practice place
2, internship tasks (omitted)
3. Internship content
Report on safety education and labor discipline in factory.
Various lecture reports
(Introduce the basic knowledge of HSE, downhole operation, crude oil processing and transportation technology and related knowledge of flowing wells)
Work of river metering station
Working in Shuanghe Union Station
(Sewage post (biochemical treatment), water injection post, dehydration post, fire fighting post)
Visit the purification station and visit the mechanical processing and maintenance factory.
Third, the feeling of production practice (omitted)
Practice Report of No.1 Oil Production Plant in Henan Oilfield
First of all, briefly introduce the internship process.
From March 3rd to 20th, 20 10, I went to No.1 Oil Production Plant of Henan Oilfield in Nanyang, Henan Province for production practice. We have carried out factory safety education and examination, metering station work, joint station work, sewage treatment station, purification station visit, mechanical processing and maintenance factory visit, etc.
With the help and guidance of leading teachers and workers' masters, I have a preliminary understanding of oil resources exploration technology; Oil and gas field drilling technology and equipment; Oil and gas production equipment and technology; Crude oil and natural gas collection and processing technology; Liquefied petroleum gas production process; Sewage treatment process, etc. I also have a certain understanding of the work and tasks of each station.
Generally speaking, I have a preliminary perceptual knowledge of some mechanical equipment, technological process and theoretical knowledge involved in LPG exploitation. I have benefited a lot from this internship, which is of great help to my future study and work. Thanks to the leaders and teachers of the college for giving us such an opportunity to learn, and also thanks to the teachers and staff for their careful guidance.
Second, the detailed production practice
1, practice place
This internship is chosen in Henan Oilfield. Let me briefly describe it first. Henan Oilfield belongs to China Petrochemical Company and is located in Nanyang City, Henan Province. Oil field production is concentrated in Tongbai County. The area is mainly composed of the first oil production plant and the second oil production plant, and the third oil production plant has been developed in Nanjiang Oilfield, Xinjiang. Our internship site is No.1 Oil Production Plant. The No.1 Oil Production Plant of Henan Oilfield is located in Nanyang Basin in the southwest of Henan Province, spanning Nanyang and Zhumadian counties of Wancheng, Xinye, Tanghe, Biyang and Tongbai. The plant is located at the junction of tanghe county and Tongbai County. It belongs to Shuanghe District, He Jiang District, Wei Gang District and Xiamen District. Our main practice bases are Shuanghe and He Jiang District.
2. Internship tasks
Understand petroleum resources exploration technology; Oil and gas field drilling technology and equipment; Oil and gas production equipment and technology; Crude oil and natural gas collection and processing technology; Liquefied petroleum gas production process; Sewage treatment process; New technologies for oil and gas production, etc. Lay a good foundation for professional courses, and gradually use the learned safety principles and methods to identify hazards. At the same time, through practice, students are trained to love labor, be disciplined, bear hardships and stand hard work, and be willing to contribute.
3. Internship content
A, factory safety education, labor discipline report
Three-level safety education refers to the safety education in factories, workshops (teams and groups) and classes (posts). The three-level safety education at the factory gate is to let workers master the necessary basic knowledge of safety production as soon as they enter the factory, and lay a solid foundation for realizing safety production.
The person in charge of the factory first introduced us to the general situation of the factory.
The No.1 Oil Production Plant of Henan Oilfield is located in Nanyang Basin in the southwest of Henan Province, spanning Nanyang and five counties of Wancheng, Xinye, Tanghe, Biyang and Tongbai in Zhumadian. The factory is located at the junction of tanghe county and Tongbai County. The first oil production plant is a production unit integrating oil production, water injection and oil and gas gathering and transportation, with an annual output of 6,543,800 tons of crude oil. The oil production plant has four combined stations, one purification station, one oil storage station, three oil transmission stations and two heating stations. There are 27 three-phase separators, 53 heating furnaces, 20 crude oil storage tanks over 2000m3 and 3 1 oil transfer pumps in the oil and gas gathering and transportation system of the whole plant.
Characteristics of oil production plant:
The production points are multi-line, long and widely dispersed, and there is no fence;
The external interference is serious and the safety management is difficult;
Employees have weak safety awareness and poor technical quality;
There are many inflammable and explosive places, which are dangerous.
Then the person in charge of the factory introduced relevant safety knowledge and received safety education. General safety regulations include: 1. Provisions on safety management of hot work; Two. Regulations on safety management of confined space operations
Three, temporary electricity safety management regulations; Four, the construction safety management regulations
Five, high work safety management regulations; Six, lifting operation safety management regulations
Seven, ground-breaking operation safety management regulations; Eight, high temperature operation safety management regulations
This paper introduces the safety knowledge of some of these operations. Because the by-products of petroleum have great fire safety hazards, it is very important to prevent fire and explosion.
Fire and explosion safety knowledge: oil and gas is a kind of polymer compound, which is flammable and explosive. Therefore, doing a good job in oil field fire safety is also a top priority. The principles of fire control work are: prevention first, combination of prevention and elimination, and comprehensive management. In the struggle against fire, we must put prevention in the first place, strictly implement measures in the system, and fundamentally grasp the initiative of fire prevention work; At the same time of active prevention, we should make full preparations ideologically, organizationally and materially. Once a fire breaks out, we must control the fire in time and effectively with the fastest speed, the shortest time and the best scheme to minimize the loss.
Common fire extinguishing methods are:
1, cooling method: spray water or carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent directly on burning objects or surrounding objects to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing.
2. Isolation method: Evacuate or isolate the materials around the fire point to prevent the fire from expanding or reducing losses.
3. Asphyxiation method: isolate air or oxygen, and put out the fire due to insufficient combustion.
4. Chemical reaction interruption method: using chlorodifluoromethyl bromide extinguishing agent to participate in the combustion reaction process can interrupt the reaction.
Safety knowledge of safe electricity use:
1. Personnel without formal training are not allowed to operate and disassemble the electrical equipment in production at will.
No one is allowed to connect wires, lights and electrical equipment without permission.
3, without permission to repair the circuit, no one shall be charged.
4, formal electrician in operation should also be a person operating a guardianship.
Safety knowledge: safety knowledge to prevent mechanical injury;
1. According to the regulations, mobile equipment should be equipped with necessary safety accessories such as interlocking, self-locking, guardrail, platform and handrail.
2. During the operation of mobile equipment, maintenance and other project operations are not allowed.
3. Establish a listing system, such as: do not close, do not run, do not use, do not climb, etc.
Safety knowledge to prevent falling from high altitude;
1. When working high above the ground, operators, surrounding electricians, electricians and welders must fasten their seat belts.
2. All buildings with warning signs of no climbing are prohibited from climbing.
3, in any case, can't use a crane to lift people for aerial work.
Safety knowledge for preventing objects from colliding;
1. When working at the wellhead, the operator must wear a safety helmet.
2, outdoor electrician stringing and ground monitoring personnel must wear safety helmets.
3. No one is allowed to stand under the crane boom, and the commander must wear safety helmet.
Safety education in factories also introduces a lot of related knowledge, so here are some. Through this education, I have a certain understanding of safety. In production and life, we must abide by the relevant operating procedures and act according to the rules, so as to nip in the bud, reduce the number of accidents, reduce the losses caused by accidents and improve production efficiency.
Two. Various lecture reports (introducing basic knowledge of HSE, basic knowledge of downhole operation, crude oil processing and transportation technology, and related knowledge of flowing wells)
① Knowledge introduction: HSE covers a wide range, so I can only briefly explain it here.
HSE management system: h health, s? Is it safe, e environment
System features: prevention first, continuous improvement, people-oriented.
Ten elements of HSE system: leadership commitment, policies, objectives and responsibilities; Organization, responsibilities, resources and document control; Risk assessment and hidden danger management; Owner and contractor management; Design and construction of devices (facilities); Operation and maintenance; Change management and emergency management; Inspection and supervision; Accident prevention and treatment; Audit, review and continuous improvement.
HSE safety color and its significance: China has stipulated four colors as safety colors: red, yellow, blue and green. Red means prohibited, stopped, dangerous and fire-fighting equipment; Remind people to pay attention; Instructions and requirements that people must abide by; Ways to provide people with permission and security information.
HSE responsibilities of post personnel: (1) Seriously study and strictly abide by various rules and regulations, observe labor discipline, do not operate illegally, and be directly responsible for the safety production of this post. ⑵ Carefully operate, strictly implement process discipline and operation discipline, and make records. The safety situation should be handed over, and the succession should create good safety production conditions for the succession. (3) Correctly analyze, judge and handle all kinds of accident symptoms, and nip the accident in the bud. Once an accident happens, report it to the superior in time and truthfully, handle it correctly according to the accident plan, protect the scene and make detailed records. (4) Carry out patrol inspection on time and seriously, and handle and report any abnormal situation in time. 5] operate correctly, carefully maintain equipment, keep the working environment clean and tidy, and do a good job in civilized production. [6] Dress according to regulations, properly keep and use all kinds of protective equipment and fire fighting equipment. Once actively participate in various safety activities, post technical training and accident plan drills. Have the right to refuse the instruction of illegal operation, and have the right to discourage and stop others from illegal operation. (9) Seriously do a good job in monitoring direct operation.
② —— Introduction of basic knowledge of homework
I. Types of downhole operations in oil and water wells
Second, the structure and characteristics of various production wells and water injection wells
Third, the purpose and method of various underground operations.
Four, the main consumption materials of downhole operation (1, tubing 2, sucker rod 3, polished rod)
Five, commonly used downhole tools
Six, downhole operation commonly used workover tools
Electric pump oil production equipment: ①-three-phase transformer ②-automatic control cabinet ③-junction box ④-wellhead technology ⑤-wellhead device.
The screw pump is composed of 1, ground electric control box 2, motor 3, ground driving device 4 and downhole screw pump.
Oil well maintenance operation construction: (1) pumping well maintenance operation construction (2) electric pump well maintenance operation construction.
(3) Screw pump well maintenance operation construction
Construction of water injection well maintenance: main construction procedures: downhole tools such as tubing, packer and water distributor; Sand washing, replacement of packer, water distributor or tubing and auxiliary tools; Ground descaling, vertical pipe string; Run the completion string; Sit down and seal.
Measure well operation construction: (1) fracturing operation construction of oil and water wells (2) water plugging operation construction of oil wells (3) acidification operation construction.
(4) Overhaul of oil and water wells
Overhaul technologies of oil and water wells are mainly divided into twelve categories: detection, fishing, cutting, back-off, scraping, patching, subsidy, drilling and milling, jarring, shaping, sidetracking and assistance.
Common downhole tools: isolation agent: isolation agent is an important tool for isolating oil layer in casing, and its main component is rubber cylinder. Through hydraulic or mechanical action, the rubber cylinder inflates the annular space of sealing oil and casing, so that the upper and lower oil layers are separated and a certain construction purpose is achieved. There are many kinds of packers, which can be divided into four types according to their sealing methods: self-sealing, compression, expansion and combination.
Others: drinking fountain, anti-reflux eccentric water distributor, choke, sand control hydraulic anchor, slotted sliding sleeve, slotted ball seat, controllable oil drain, support slip, straight-through valve, oil drain and pipeline centralizer.
Commonly used workover tools for downhole operation: gauge, die, spring casing scraper, rod drill three-cone bit, grinding shoes, eye grinding shoes, cone, slider spear, slider spear, fishing sleeve, magnetic fishing device, grab bucket, sucker rod fishing sleeve and milling head.
③ —— Brief introduction of crude oil processing and transportation technology.
Crude oil treatment: crude oil dehydration, sewage treatment and natural gas treatment. Crude oil transportation: pipeline technology pipeline transportation
Schematic diagram of oil and gas gathering and processing flow
Crude oil processing technology: crude oil dehydration-dehydration, chemical dehydration and electric dehydration.
Electrochemical dehydration oil dehydration equipment and process
④ Introduction of knowledge of flowing well.
Surface equipment of flowing well
Christmas tree: Different from the Christmas tree of pumping well, it is convenient for mechanical wax removal, which can control the flowing output of oil well and ensure the smooth operation and construction.
Consists of casing head, tubing head and Christmas tree body: casing head: (casing short connection) tubing head: (big cross)
The main body of the Christmas tree includes:
1. Casing gate, 2. Gate three. Production door, 4. Wax gate, 5. Nozzle: there are single-hole and multi-hole throttles, and single-hole throttles are commonly used. Check the aperture, length, ellipticity, burr and deformation of grounding choke at least once every quarter.
Fundamentals of Flowing Well Management
Oil measurement, gas measurement, wax removal and wax prevention (to prevent wax precipitation and wax deposition in the wellbore)
Flowing well wellhead process, the role is:
1, oil and gas production regulation;
2. Collect first-hand dynamic data (casing pressure, output and water content);
3. Heating and isolating oil well products and wellhead equipment;
4. Measure oil and gas production.
Oil and gas separate transportation process or double pipe process
Oil-gas mixed transportation process or single pipe process
Three. Work of river metering station
During the work of the metering station, we listened to some reports accordingly, which have been expounded above. We mainly study the theoretical knowledge of various operation processes in the metering station, and the masters lead the team to the production line to observe. The whole work can be roughly divided into: 1, data acquisition 2, well inspection sampling, equipment safety inspection 3, oil measurement and water injection 4, well cleaning and dosing 5, and pumping unit warranty. After going down the well, we learned relevant knowledge at the metering station.
Beam pumping unit:
Main function: to transform the high-speed rotating motion of the motor into the slow reciprocating motion of the sucker rod.
Working principle of beam pumping unit: when working, the power machine transmits high-speed rotary motion to the crankshaft through the belt and gearbox, which drives the crankshaft to rotate at low speed. The crank drives the walking beam to swing up and down through the connecting rod and the cross beam. The rope hanger hanging on the donkey's head drives the sucker rod string to reciprocate.
Fire safety ban:
Strengthen the management of open flames, and no smoking is allowed in fire and explosion-proof areas.
Vehicles without flame arresters are not allowed to drive in the no-fire area.
It is not allowed to scrub equipment, appliances and clothes with volatile flammable liquids such as gasoline.
Those who do not wear labor protection articles according to the regulations of the factory are not allowed to enter the production post.
Replacement and ventilation must be carried out, safety analysis must be carried out according to time requirements, and specified protective equipment must be worn.
Problems in transportation operation of crude oil tanks;
Pressure loss caused by storage tank transportation operation
Heat loss caused by storage tank transportation operation
Oil and gas evaporation loss caused by oil tank transportation operation
Production, operation and management links have increased.
The operation of oil tank transportation increases the insecurity of the system.
Points needing attention in hazard identification
Common fracturing construction procedures for oil wells
Four. Working in Shuanghe Union Station
The work of the joint station is divided according to the post, and our teams are on duty in turn according to the sewage post (biochemical treatment), water injection post, dehydration post and fire protection post. Have a general understanding of their respective uses and their safety responsibilities.
The whole joint station is responsible for the pipeline connection of crude oil, natural gas, water source and sewage. It is mainly used for the recovery of crude oil, the treatment and recovery of well washing fluid, backwashing fluid and sewage, and the water injection of various wells. There is a lot of equipment in it.
Generally, it includes: high-pressure oil remover, low-pressure oil remover, separator, cyclone separator, carbon sand filter, etc.
Crude oil buffer tank, 3000 m3 settling tank, 300 m3 buffer tank, 3000 m3 oil storage tank, water injection tank, 1000 m3 settling tank, 200 m3 buffer tank, 200 m3 mixing tank, etc.
Export furnace, booster pump, mixing pump, water injection pump, lifting pump, pipeline pump, etc.
Sludge concentration tank, biochemical treatment tank, fire fighting tank, etc.
Schematic diagram of process flow of union station
The potential safety hazards of the joint station are:
Perforation of storage tanks and pipelines; Sewage crude oil leakage; Environmental pollution; Hydrogen sulfide poisoning; Electric shock casualties, etc.
Precautions and precautions:
Check the wall thickness regularly; Strengthen inspection; Do not tamper with the process valve; Regularly detect the concentration of hydrogen sulfide, etc.
Brief description of responsibilities of each post:
Water injection post: responsible for layered and pressurized water injection in each sub-well, heating the borehole wall and maintaining oil production cycle.
Sewage post (biochemical treatment): mainly used for sewage treatment, recovery and discharge of well washing fluid, backwashing fluid and other incoming fluids.
Dehydration post: Use three-phase separator, two-phase separator, carbon sand filter and degreaser to separate crude oil from metering station and collect pure oil.
Fire post: the joint station is a first-class fire and explosion-proof unit, which is mainly responsible for the fire and explosion-proof work of the whole station.
Ground flow of water injection system
The following describes the sewage treatment process. The common methods of water purification are as follows
1, static precipitation method: simply remove the precipitation in water.
2. Adsorption precipitation method: removing suspended matter and precipitation from water.
3. Filtering method: It is better to remove insoluble impurities in water.
4. Distillation: It is better to remove soluble impurities in water.
Sewage treatment process flow
Verb (abbreviation of verb) visit the purification station and visit the mechanical processing and maintenance factory.
/kloc-visited the river purification station in the morning and visited the machinery processing and maintenance factory in the afternoon. The river purification station is mainly responsible for the treatment and purification of natural gas produced in petroleum production, and is also responsible for the production of liquefied gas in the whole plant area to ensure people's living gas.
Natural gas purification and liquefied petroleum gas production will bring a large number of organic flammable molecules, so the purification station belongs to a first-class fire prevention and explosion-proof unit, and fireworks and things that are easy to generate electrostatic sparks are prohibited from being brought in. The hazards of natural gas purification are: solid impurities endanger water (steam) and acid gas.
Natural gas treatment includes: natural gas desulfurization, carbon dioxide, separation and dust removal, dehydration and transportation.
Natural gas desulfurization and carbon dioxide removal: according to different desulfurizers, it can be divided into dry method and wet method.
According to the methods of solution absorption and regeneration, it can be divided into chemical absorption method, physical absorption method and redox method.
Separation and dust removal: the types of separation dust collectors-cyclone, circulating separator, gravity separator and separation filter.
Gravity separator consists of four parts: separation, sedimentation, defogging and storage. Cyclone separator (centrifugal separator): a dry dust removal device that uses centrifugal force to remove particles, with large capacity and good separation effect. Cyclone separator is suitable for occasions with small fluctuation of flow and pressure and low liquid content. Filter separator: suitable for high-demand occasions. Consider using a filter separator in the final stage. Low-temperature separation method: high-pressure natural gas throttles and expands to produce low temperature, and the separated water lowers the dew point temperature. Low-pressure natural gas, pressurized first, then cooled and dehydrated, is suitable for high-pressure gas fields. Dust removal often adopts solid adsorption, which is a phenomenon that gas or liquid components are adsorbed on the solid surface and condensed on the solid. It is divided into physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.
Natural gas dehydration: dehydration method selection-1. From the point of view of reducing dew point, many methods can meet the requirements of pipeline transportation. 2. From the perspective of saving investment and operating costs, TEG method is the first choice. 3. When the dew point drops over 44℃, the solid adsorption method should be adopted. 4. The selection of dehydration method should be considered together with the planning of gathering and transportation process.
Natural gas transportation-its corresponding technical indicators: mechanical substances must be removed from the gas entering the gas pipeline; The dew point of water should be 5℃ lower than the lowest ambient temperature under transportation conditions; The dew point of hydrocarbons should be lower than or equal to the minimum ambient temperature; The hydrogen sulfide content in the gas should not be greater than 20mg/m3; If the above requirements are not met, corresponding protective measures must be taken.
Liquefied petroleum gas-Source:
(1), which is a by-product in the process of oil exploitation and refining;
(2) Obtained from oil and gas fields, natural gas or associated gas of oil fields through absorption, fractionation and proper separation;
(3) In the refinery, some components of fractionated crude oil are obtained through catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, steam cracking, superposition and coking.
Liquefied petroleum gas-composition:
The main components of liquefied petroleum gas are propane, butane and butene. In addition to these main components, there are isomers of butane and butene. In addition, a proper amount of odorizing agent is often added to liquefied petroleum gas to facilitate users to find gas leakage in time.
Liquefied petroleum gas-characteristics:
(1), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a kind of high-quality fuel, and its combustion produces few impurities, which will hardly cause harm to gas appliance.
(2) LPG is easy to liquefy after being pressurized or cooled. When it changed from gas to liquid, its volume was reduced by 250 times.
(3) The specific gravity of gaseous liquefied petroleum gas is 1.7-2.5, which is heavier than air and easy to gather in low-lying places on the ground. The specific gravity of liquefied petroleum gas is about 0.53, which is about half that of water.
(4) The calorific value of liquefied petroleum gas is 3-4 times that of natural gas and 7-8 times that of coke oven gas. So cooking with liquefied petroleum gas is much faster.
Mechanical processing repair shop
The factory is located in Shuanghe District, which is mainly responsible for the production and maintenance of downhole tools. It is generally understood that the maintenance of water injection wells includes downhole tools such as tubing, packer and water distributor. Sand washing, replacement of packer, water distributor or tubing and auxiliary tools; Ground descaling, vertical pipe string; Run the completion string; Sit down and seal. Isolator (separator) is a key device in common downhole tools and an important tool to block the oil layer in casing. Its main component is rubber tube, which expands the annular space between sealing oil and casing through hydraulic or mechanical action to separate the upper and lower oil layers, thus achieving certain construction purposes. There are four ways to seal according to the packer: self-sealing, compression, expansion and combination.
The person in charge of the factory also introduced to us the functions of many other devices, such as anti-reflux eccentric water distributor, throttle valve, sand control hydraulic anchor, slotted sliding sleeve, slotted ball seat, controllable oil discharge, support slip, straight-through valve, oil discharge and pipeline centralizer. At the same time, I visited a variety of workover tools commonly used in underground operations, such as gauges, dies, spring casing scrapers, rod drill three-cone bits, grinding shoes, grinding shoes, roller cones, sliding spears, sliding spears, fishing tubes, magnetic fishing devices, grips, sucker rod fishing tubes and milling heads.
Third, the feeling of production practice
For me: production practice is a microcosm of future work. In this internship, I came into direct contact with the front line of oil production. I saw a lot of oil production equipment and learned their names and production purposes. At the same time, I also learned about the technological process of oil production, sewage purification treatment process, natural gas purification and liquefied gas production process, and so on.
Petroleum safety and petroleum production. Oil production accidents occur frequently, and there are huge potential safety hazards. Dangers such as object strike, poisoning and explosion are often encountered. However, everything has a certain law of development. I believe that only by carefully observing various safety systems and operating procedures will accidents be as few as possible. Safety in production is interdependent, and safety is accompanied by production. Without production, there is no safety. Safety must be ensured in the production process, and production cannot be carried out without safety. Therefore, there is a saying that "safety promotes production and production must be safe". At any time, we must adhere to the 16-character policy of "safety first, prevention first, combination of prevention and control, and comprehensive management" to improve production efficiency. Adhere to the concept that everything makes way for safety work and everything serves safety work, and implement the policy of safety first in all directions, whole process and whole process to ensure the healthy development of safety production.
During this short internship, I broke away from the childishness of scholars and got to know more about society and knowledge. I realize that society is cruel. Without culture, skills and laziness, you are destined to be the bottom of society forever! But at the same time, society is also beautiful. As long as you are willing and enterprising, it will give you a return and let you get what you want!
I will take up my respective posts with a more proactive working attitude, more solid operational skills and more profound theoretical knowledge. I firmly believe that through this period of internship, the practical experience gained from it will benefit me for life, and it will be confirmed in the actual work after graduation. I will continue to understand and experience the knowledge I have learned in my internship, and I also hope that I can apply the theoretical knowledge and practical experience I have learned to my future practical work, fully display my personal value and life value, and work hard to realize my ideal and bright future.
Everyone's life is not easy. There are always some difficulties and hardships. It takes a lot of courage not to go through it once, and it is not always possible to get through it. Failure is inevitable. The main thing is to dare to admit failure, face failure and try to solve it. We must have this determination. I think life will be successful, at least I won't regret it! This internship is very important to us. I believe that I can persistently pursue my personal goals, be a qualified and high-quality safety manager, and escort the safety production of enterprises.
The above is my summary of my past internship work, in order to find the gap, correct the goal and improve better in the future. Through continuous summarization and improvement, I am confident that I can accomplish my task better in my future work.