type
Propagation method: sowing or cutting propagation. Sowing time in spring is from March to April, and cutting propagation can be carried out in spring and autumn.
Breeding adopts sowing method. Mature seeds are harvested, washed and dried in winter, and sown before Qingming in the following year. A small amount of reproduction can be carried out in flowerpots. Spread the seeds evenly on it, cover it with a thin layer of soil, and then put it in a basin to soak in water. In order to keep moist, the flowerpot mouth should be covered with glass or plastic film, so that it can germinate in a week or so, and when new leaves grow, it can be transplanted separately. If you want to raise a large number of seedlings, you can sow them in the seedbed, spray them with a fine-hole watering can after planting, and then spray them when they are dry to keep them moist. After transplanting, apply a thin layer of fertilizer and put it in a sunny place. Cutting propagation can also be used in summer and autumn growth period, with high survival rate. When cutting, cut (or thin) the growth branches with terminal buds about 8~ 10 cm long (if there are buds, remove them), cut according to the conventional method, keep the seedbed or basin soil moist, and spray water mist on the terminal buds and terminal leaves of the cuttings regularly at a temperature of 18~28℃, about/kloc-. If the cuttings have developed roots and low plants, they are suitable for cultivating potted flowers for ornamental fruits. After cutting in autumn, you can enjoy colorful fruits in winter.
cultivate
Cultivation management: winter coral likes sunshine and warm sunny environment, and the suitable growth temperature is18-25℃; Not drought-tolerant, avoid water and be afraid of waterlogging. The soil needs a good drainage system. Fertile and loose soil is needed. Winter coral grows vigorously and is easy to cultivate and manage. Keep the soil moist during the growing season, and apply diluted fertilizer and decomposed sheep manure water once every two weeks. Applying phosphorus and topdressing before flowering can make flowers flourish. When flowering, we should control the amount of water moderately. The soil is too wet, and it is easy to blossom and bear no fruit. When a large number of flowers are in bloom, hanging some small fruits on the branches can increase the amount of water and promote the development and growth of fruits. In the hot summer season, it is forbidden to be washed away by thunderstorms at noon. After the disease is washed away by rain, it is easy to atrophy and die. When the summer rainfall is high and boundless, the planted plants are prone to anthracnose, but the ground planting is less affected. Therefore, plants can be transplanted to the ground in summer, then planted in pots with soil in September, and cultivated indoors in late June, 65438+ 10, and the room temperature should not be lower than 5℃, which is conducive to their safe wintering. Coral in winter is beautiful without pruning. However, for biennial cultivation, in order to control the height of the plant and the ventilation and light transmission in the plant, some branches should be thinned from the plant when changing pots in the next spring. Practice shows that winter corals can continue to blossom and bear fruit as long as there is suitable temperature and sufficient light in the growing period. If the fruits are observed on May Day of the following year or used as decorations or scenic spots, all the fruits of the fruiting plants will be picked around 5438+February in mid-June, but the branches will not be damaged, and then the plants will be planted in pots. After surviving in the slow seedling stage, normal water and fertilizer management should be carried out, and sufficient light should be given to keep warm for the winter. Heating measures should be taken to make the room temperature reach 18-20℃. When the branches continue to grow, pick the core 1-2 times to promote multi-branching. In February and March of the following spring, try to keep the room temperature as high as possible, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, and topdressing liquid fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium, so that buds and flowers will appear soon. In flowering period, although plants can pollinate themselves, brushing flowers gently with a brush at around 9 am every day to promote pollination can obviously improve the fruit setting rate. Before and after the May Day holiday, you can definitely see red fruits. If you maintain them properly, they can reach dozens to hundreds. If the seeds are potted indoors and the room temperature reaches 10- 15℃, they can also germinate to form new plants, and then keep warm for the winter. In February-March of the following spring, strengthening management and careful maintenance can make the flowering period enter quickly. By May-June, red fruits can be displayed on the plants, which is 3-4 months earlier than the ornamental period of conventionally cultivated fruits.
transplant
Potted winter coral requires loose and fertile sandy loam with good drainage and rich organic matter, and 5% cake-retting fertilizer or chicken and duck manure is added. Spraying new high-fat film after transplanting seedlings into pots can effectively prevent evaporation and transpiration of aboveground water, isolate pests and diseases, shorten the slow seedling stage, quickly adapt to the new environment and grow healthily.
growing season
After surviving in the slow seedling stage, water normally, loosen the soil and fertilize once every half month to keep the soil moist. And give enough light, when the plant reaches the height of 10 cm, heading and coring are carried out to promote germination. Spraying Zhuhuawang 3 can transform the vegetative growth of plants into reproductive nutrition, inhibit the overgrowth of main shoots and promote the differentiation of flower buds.
Flowering management
When plants enter bud stage, stop fertilization, control watering at the same time, and try not to spray water, which can avoid washing off pollen. Spraying Zhuangguodiling can thicken fruit stalks, improve nutrient transport and prevent falling flowers and fruits. When the fruit grows to the size of mung bean, it can restore the cake fertilizer and water, increase the watering amount, and spray water on the leaves properly. Coral planting in winter, soil, water, fertilizer, light and other conditions are conducive to the normal growth, flowering and fruiting of plants, so it can flourish without careful management. However, potted plants are limited by cultivation containers and climatic factors, and too much water can easily lead to root rot, fallen leaves or falling flowers. Too dry pot soil can easily lead to root atrophy, plant withering and defoliation, and it is difficult to blossom and bear fruit normally. Especially in flowering period, if the soil is wet and dry alternately and the fertilizer concentration is out of control, it is easy to cause only flowering without fruit, or only flowering without fruit. Potted winter coral requires the use of loose and fertile sandy loam with good drainage and rich organic matter, plus 5% cake retting fertilizer or chicken and duck manure, and the soil should be loosened and fertilized every half month during the growing season. When the plant reaches the height of 10 cm, it should be picked to promote germination. When the temperature is above 30℃, it can be moved to a well-ventilated greenhouse or under the shade of about 40%. When plants enter the bud stage, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be added to the organic fertilizer solution to promote more buds to bloom. Suspend fertilization at flowering stage, control watering at the same time, try not to spray water and keep the soil moist, which can not only avoid washing off pollen, but also prevent falling flowers and fruits. When the fruit grows to the size of mung bean, it can restore the cake fertilizer and water, increase the amount of watering, and spray water on the leaves properly. From fruit setting to fruit color realization, quick-acting phosphate fertilizer should be applied two or three times, such as 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, which can make the fruit more beautiful. When the diameter of the fruit is 0.5 cm to 0.6 cm, the small fruit that is too dense should be properly thinned and the pests and diseases should be picked, so that the fruits on the potted plant are evenly distributed and the size is symmetrical, thus improving the ornamental value of the potted plant. Anthracnose is easy to occur in potted winter coral at high temperature in summer, which mainly harms leaves and stems. There are two kinds of symptoms: one is on the time film. At the early stage of the disease, the leaves were round lesions, which turned from round reddish brown to grayish white, and then turned to dark brown, and black spots were produced in a ring arrangement, that is, the umbilical points of the bacteria. The disease occurs at the edge and tip of leaves, and in severe cases, leaves wither and die. The pathogen is mycosis, which overwinters in parasitic residues or soil with mycelium. From late April to early May, the old leaves began to get sick, and it was faster in June-July, more serious in rainy season, and the new leaves began to get sick in August. Potted flowers are placed too closely and their leaves cross each other, which is easy to spread diseases, but there are differences in disease resistance among varieties. Control method: 1, disease control: ①, select excellent disease-resistant varieties. (2) Cut off the diseased leaves at the early stage of the disease and burn them in time to prevent the spread of germs, avoid placing them too densely and pouring them on the head, and always keep them ventilated and transparent. ③ Spraying 700-800 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 500 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil at the initial stage of onset. 2, pest control: winter coral pests are mainly aphids, small, green or black, often clustered on the tender branches and leaves of various flowers to absorb nutrients. Control method: spray 40% omethoate EC 2000 times or 50% dichlorvos EC 1500-2000 times.