You can search Baidu for "vine pear cultivation techniques". Cultivation techniques and management measures of rattan pear. 1. Cultivation nuclear technology: establish dwarf close-planted vine pear orchard 1. Garden selection: the requirements for soil are not strict, and all kinds of soil can be planted, with slightly acidic and neutral as the best. Be careful not to choose sandy soil that is not conducive to water and fertilizer conservation, and pay attention to choose places with convenient leeward and sufficient water to build gardens. 2. Soil improvement: in mountainous areas, the slope should be changed into a ladder, and the pit should be dug for soil preparation; Agricultural land with good soil quality can be used as box planting. The width of the compartment is 0.5- 1 m, the depth of the compartment is 0.3-0.4 m, and the compartment spacing is 3 m. Before planting, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied in the compartment, and 30 kg phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu. 3. Select improved varieties and strong seedlings, configure pollination trees and select grafted seedlings with full buds, full branches, 50 cm high and 0.5 cm thick and developed roots. Pollination varieties are mainly pear 1:5. 4. Planting method and density ①. Methods: Rectangular planting was used, and the row direction was generally north-south direction. ② Time: both spring and autumn, and autumn (10- 12) is the most suitable. Some new roots can grow in that year, which is beneficial to the growth of the next year. (3) Technology: Put the seedlings into the ditch according to the plant spacing, so that the roots naturally extend, fill the soil in layers, and the joints of the seedlings should be 5 cm above the ground, and then irrigate the roots with water. ④ Density: In order to achieve early maturity and stable and high yield, planned close planting is advocated. At present, the planting density per mu is 445 plants and 333 plants, and the suitable planting spacing of 365,438+08 plants is 0.7m and the row spacing is 3m. Close planting is the basis of obtaining high yield and early fruit. Three-year-old trees can yield more than 2000 kilograms per mu. Second, management measures 1, strengthen soil, fertilizer and water management: ①, master the principle of frequent fertilization and less fertilization for young trees that do not bear fruit, and promote trees to grow more branches and faster. Apply it once in early and middle March, spraying 20% human and animal fertilizer with 80% water and 0.2% urea, and weeding by shallow tillage; Apply it twice in April, May and June, and add 0.3% urea to human and animal fertilizer water, and cooperate with shallow tillage to weed. (2) Fertilization amount of fruit trees is determined according to yield. Fruit yield per mu 100 kg, nitrogen fertilizer 0.5 kg, phosphorus fertilizer 0.2 kg and potassium fertilizer 0.5 kg. Base fertilizer should be applied after fruit picking and before defoliation, and the earlier the better. Topdressing is carried out in three times, before germination, flowering and rapid fruit growth, and before fruit picking. In the second fertilization, 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium diazophosphate were added for top dressing. ③ The orchard insists on planting green manure. Orchards that do not bear fruit are planted twice a year, and orchards that bear fruit are planted once. Before flowering, they are pressed into the soil as fertilizer. (4), irrigation, irrigation in time in case of spring drought and autumn drought; Timely drainage in early summer and late autumn rainy season. 2. Trimming and pruning the upright branches, pulling branches, coring and other methods, and girdling or girdling the flourishing branches. The pruning method of "three sets of branches" is adopted in the dense planting garden in high yield period. That is, the fruiting branches formed flower bud branches in that year, and the growth branches each accounted for 1∕3, which made the fruiting, flowering and growth correct, and the total number of branches per mu remained at about 654.38+10,000. Control the height of the tree and limit the crown width: when the height of the tree reaches 2.5 meters, the extension branches of the central trunk will tilt, prompting the main branches to control the crown to grow upward. Too many branches in the crown will affect the light, so we should take strong branches and weak branches, leave the top and leave the outside to improve the light. 3. The fruit setting rate of rattan pear with proper fruit setting is high. In order to ensure high yield, stable yield and high quality, we must attach great importance to fruit thinning. Generally, there are about 5000 three-year-old fruit trees per mu; 4-5-year-old fruit trees are about 10000; There are about 20 thousand fruits left over for more than 6 years; The output reached 2000 kg, 3200-4000 kg and 5000-6400 kg respectively. This can not only prevent the fruits in different years, but also ensure high yield and high quality. 3, do a good job in pest control 4, the main diseases of pears are rust, pear black spot, pear brown spot, flower brown rot and so on. The root pests include pear caterpillar, pear moth, semi-blue sky cow, pear stem bee, pear aphid, red spider and so on. There are mainly the following prevention and control points: (1), after planting seedlings, spray 3-degree sulfur agent once in February after the bud scales are loosened. ② In the middle and late March, the sowing date of 50% was increased from Tianjin 1000 times to 80% dichlorvos 1000 times to control pests and diseases, and at the same time, longicorn beetles and fruit eaters were artificially killed. (3) April-June is the period when a large number of pests and diseases occur, so it should be prevented and controlled in time. From the beginning of April, once every 20 days, 2-3 times in a row, using 1:200-300 times bordeaux mixture or 1000 times 50% thiophanate-methyl, and using 2000-3000 times acaricide when the red spider occurs in June. ④ The occurrence of red spider is the largest in July and August, so the prevention and control should be strengthened. In July and September, when stinkbug and Plutella xylostella are damaged by pear nets, 80% dichlorvos should be used for prevention and control, or 205% dichlorvos should be used for killing 3000-5000 times, so as to artificially kill longicorn beetles and Caragana korshinskii. At the same time, control scab and black spot every 20 days or so. Found that the diseased branches and leaves should be removed in time. ⑤. Do a good job of clearing the garden in winter on June 5438+00-February 12, and remove dead branches, pests and diseases. Spray 5-degree sulfur mixture once on June 5438+02. Cultivation techniques of dwarf close planting, early fruiting and high yield of rattan pear. How to establish a dwarf close-planted vine pear garden 1? Garden selection: the annual average weight 10 ~ 2 1℃, annual rainfall above 800 mm and annual sunshine 1000 hours are required; The requirements for soil are not strict, and all kinds of soil can be planted. The soil quality is suitable for loam land with deep soil layer (above 60 cm) and good drainage. Too much sand is not conducive to water and fertilizer conservation. Overadhesion is from sour fruit to slightly alkaline soil, and slightly acidic and neutral soil are the most suitable. At the same time, pay attention to choose a place close to the expressway, with the leeward facing the sun and convenient water sources to build the park. 2. Soil improvement: In mountainous areas, slopes should be changed into ladders, irrigation and drainage facilities should be improved, and ditch preparation should be carried out, with a ditch depth and a ditch width of 2.5 ~ 3 feet. 4000 kg of organic fertilizer and 30 kg of phosphate fertilizer should be pressed into the ditch layer by layer, and soil preparation and fertilization will be completed by the end of August. The farmland with good soil quality and topsoil above 80 cm can be planted by box method, with box width 1 m and height of 0.3 ~ 0.4 m. The characteristics of early fruiting, high yield and stable yield of pollinated trees are restricted by genetic factors. Therefore, selecting excellent varieties with strong flowering ability (early fruiting) and high fruit setting rate (high and stable yield) is the basis for realizing early fruiting and high yield. High-quality and strong seedlings require full buds, full branches, 50 cm high and 0.5 cm thick, and developed roots. The main pollination variety, Shali, was built according to the configuration of 1:5. 4. Planting method and density ① Planting method: rectangular planting is adopted, and the row direction is generally north-south or parallel to the contour line. (2) Planting time: both spring and autumn, and autumn planting (10 ~ 12) is the best. Some new roots can grow in that year, which is beneficial to the growth in the next year. They should be planted before germination in spring at the latest. (3) Planting technology: planting ditches are opened according to row spacing, and seedlings are placed in the ditches according to plant spacing, so that ancestors can naturally fill roots in layers. Seedling interface should be about 5 cm above the ground, and root water should be poured after planting. (4) Planting conspiracy In order to improve the early yield and yield per unit area, we advocate planned close planting. At present, the popularization density is 445 plants per mu (0.5× 3m); 333 strains (0.5× 4m); 3 18 strain (0.7× 3m). Under the guidance of teacher Wang Junqi, the cultivation demonstration of rattan pear in ultra-high residential area was carried out in Daishi Farm, Guang 'an City on June 1996. There are 666 plants and 1334 plants per mu, and the results have been partially tested only half a year ago. It is estimated that the yield per mu in 1997 1000 kg and 1998 will reach more than 3000 kg. Second, the main technical measures 1, the implementation of close planting and high energy to rapidly increase the number of branches, leaves, flowers and fruits per unit area. According to the investigation, the vine pear orchard with an yield of 333 plants per mu has 30,000 branches in three years, with a leaf surface coefficient of 2.05, 7,300 fruits and a yield of about 2,000 Jin. It can be seen that close planting is the basis of early fruiting and high yield. 2. Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water, master the principle of frequent fertilization and less fertilization for unfruitful young trees, and promote multi-branch fast-growing trees. Results The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the yield of trees. For the yield per 100 kg, 255 grams of pure nitrogen, 100 grams of phosphorus and 255 grams of potassium were applied. The base fertilizer should be picked from the fruit to the fallen leaves, and the sooner the better. Topdressing should be applied three times before germination and flowering, during the rapid growth period of fruits and before fruit picking. In the rapid growth period of fruit before flower bud formation, 0.35 urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate were combined for topdressing. Orchards insist on planting green manure, and fruitless orchards plant green manure twice a year. Therefore, the orchard should plant green manure once a year and bury it in the soil to improve soil fertility. Drainage and irrigation: In case of spring drought and summer drought, irrigation should be carried out in time, and special attention should be paid to irrigation before and after flowering. Early summer and late autumn rainy season should be timely drainage. 3. Trimming is one of the key technologies for early fruiting and high yield in the close planting garden of arbor and rootstock. In order to effectively control the crown and promote early fruiting and high yield, horizontal step fans are widely popularized in production. After 4-5 years of molding, 3-4 main branches are left, and the height of the tree wall is about 2.5 meters. The fruiting branches are directly planted on the trunk technology. The pruning of dense planting garden is based on the principle of pruning, supplemented by individuals, to cultivate a group structure that can make full use of light energy. The main measures are: increasing the number of branches and increasing the leaf area; Before the crown is formed, bending and cutting techniques are used to promote bud germination, so as to increase the number of branches and increase the leaf area. According to the investigation, the number of dry branches and flowers of three-year-old rattan pears increased by 42% and 15 times respectively compared with non-dry rattan pears. With the increase of the number of branches, the output of dense planting garden also increases accordingly. Trees with more branches have higher yield 1 ~ 3 times than trees with fewer branches. Slow down the growth of trees and promote flowering: generally slow down long branches. Methods such as pulling branches, twisting tips, and removing stones are adopted for the opposite branches to alleviate the tree potential and promote flowering. Girdling or girdling the leafy branches to control the growth and promote the formation of flower buds. According to the investigation, the flowering amount and fruit setting rate were increased by 47.5% and 5.8 times respectively compared with those without branches. The pruning method of "three sets of branches" is adopted: in the dense planting garden in the high-yield period, the pruning method of "three sets of branches" is adopted, that is, the branches that bear fruit, form flower buds and grow in the same year each account for one third, so that the fruits, flowers and growth are correct, and the total number of branches per mu is maintained at about 6.5438 million, thus achieving the purpose of prolonging the high-yield period. Control the height of the tree and limit the crown width: when the height of the tree reaches 2.5 meters, the center will tilt at the extension branch to promote the main branch to control the upward growth of the crown. When there are too many branches in the crown and the lighting conditions become worse, we should improve the lighting by removing the strong branches, leaving the weak branches at the top and leaving them outside and inside. When the main branches or peripheral branches grow to a certain extent, the weak branches should be used to change their heads, so as to alleviate the growth, limit the crown width and make the rows well ventilated and transparent. 4. Proper fruit-setting vines have high fruit-setting rate. In order to ensure high quality and stable yield, we must attach great importance to thinning flowers and fruits. According to the investigation of 333 pear orchards per mu, there are about 5,000 three-year-old trees, about 10000 four-to five-year-old trees and about 20,000 six-year-old trees. The yield can reach 2000 kg, 3200-4000 kg and 5000-6400 kg respectively, and the weight of single fruit can be kept above 200 g. The degree of fruit thinning is measured by the ratio of branches to fruits and the ratio of leaves to fruits. Generally, the ratio of branch to fruit is 3 ~ 4: 1, and the ratio of leaf to fruit is 25 ~ 30: 1, which can not only ensure the quality of fruit in the current year, but also ensure the number and quality of flower buds in the next year and prevent fruit bearing in different years.