SSE Instruction Set

Since the MMX instruction did not bring significant improvement in 3D game performance, Intel introduced the Data Stream Single Instruction Sequence Extension instruction in the Pentium III CPU product in 1999. (SSE). SSE is compatible with MMX instructions, which can effectively increase the speed of floating point operations through SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data Technology) and parallel processing of multiple floating points in a single clock cycle.

SSE2 instruction set

In Pentium 4 CPU, Intel has developed a new instruction set SSE2. There are 144 newly developed SSE2 instructions this time, including floating point SIMD instructions, integer SIMD instructions, conversion between SIMD floating point and integer data, and data conversion in MMX registers.

SSE3 instruction set

Compared with SSE2, SSE3 has added 13 new instructions, which were previously collectively called pni. Among the 13 instructions, one is used for video decoding, two are used for thread synchronization, and the rest are used for complex mathematical operations, floating point to integer conversion, and SIMD floating point operations.

SSE4 instruction set

SSE4 has added 50 new performance-increasing instructions, which help compile, media, character/text processing and program pointing acceleration.

3D Now! extended instruction set

3D Now! instruction set is a multimedia extended instruction set developed by AMD in 1998. It has 21 instructions. In view of the weakness that the MMX instruction set does not enhance floating-point processing capabilities, the focus is on improving the processing capabilities of AMD's K6 series CPUs for 3D graphics.

X86 instruction set

The X86 instruction set was specially developed by Intel for its first 16-bit CPU (i8086). It was the CPU in the world's first PC launched by IBM in 1981. —i8088 (simplified version of i8086) also uses X86 instructions. At the same time, the X87 chip series mathematics coprocessor added in the computer to improve floating point data processing capabilities also uses X87 instructions. From now on, the X86 instruction set and the X87 instruction set are collectively referred to as X86 instruction set.

EM64T instruction set

Intel's EM64T (Extended Memory 64 Technology) is a 64-bit memory expansion technology. This technology provides expanded memory addressing capabilities for server and workstation platform applications, with more memory address spaces

RISC instruction set

RISC instruction set is the future development of high-performance CPUs direction. It is opposed to traditional CISC (Complex Instruction Set). In comparison, RISC has a unified instruction format, fewer types, and fewer addressing methods than complex instruction sets. Currently, the main architectures that use RISC instruction sets are ARM and MIPS.

3DNow!+ instruction set

Based on the original instruction set, it has been increased to 52 instructions, including some SSE instructions. This instruction set is mainly used for new AMD CPUs superior.