Setup question:
What do you think of a sentence or a word in a poem? Why?
(2) From one or two sentences, find a word that best reflects the poet's feelings.
(3) Which phonetic version of this poem associates a sentence with a word? What do you think: Of these two words,
Which is better? Why?
(4) What is the function of words in expression?
Answer hint: the ancients often pursued a vivid word when writing poems. This kind of question is designed to taste the beauty of these words tempered by the ancients. When answering the question, you should not put it word for word, but put it back in the sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception, theme and poet's feelings of the whole poem.
Key points:
(1) definitely "good" or which is better;
(2) Explain the semantic and linguistic meaning of the word in the sentence;
(3) Expand association and imagination, and describe the scene by reducing the word you think is "good" into one sentence;
Point out what feelings the word expresses or what artistic conception it sets off.
For example, which word is better, the word "lost" or "wide" in the third sentence of Wang Wan's "The next berth on the North Fort Mountain"?
[Answer] ① The word "wide" is better. (2) width means openness and broadness (this step can sometimes be combined into one point). The spring tide makes the river boundless, and the banks are particularly wide. The word "broad" directly expresses the poet's strong feeling of broadening his horizons. (Only the word "wide" is good for this question, and no points will be given without specific analysis. When answering questions, the serial number can generally be omitted, and it is listed here in points to remind you not to miss some steps or points. The same below. )
(2) the meaning of sentences
Setup question:
What do the last two sentences mean? What thoughts and feelings did the author express?
Talk about your understanding or appreciation of the fourth sentence or the fourth sentence in combination with the whole poem.
Answer hint: to explain the meaning of a poem, we should pay attention to the meaning expressed in language and the meaning in language, and point out its function or what feelings and thoughts are expressed in combination with the whole poem
Key points: ① Explain the meaning of language, and sometimes explore its deep meaning.
(2) Point out the descriptive function of poetry, or express what feelings and themes.
For example, talk about Li Bai's understanding of "My heart remains the same when the mountains are dark and the autumn is crisp" in the fourth part of Listening to Shu Monk Luo playing the piano.
[Answer] (1) Write the scenery at the end of the song and the state in which the poet is immersed in the sound of the piano. ② The side describes the charm of piano sound.
(3) Artistic conception type questions
Setup question:
(1) What images are written in which two couplets in the poem? Please analyze the artistic conception of scene blending.
(2) On the basis of understanding the whole poem, briefly analyze how the poet created the artistic conception in one or two sentences.
③ Explain the meaning of a couplet and analyze the relationship between emotion and scenery.
Answer prompt: Artistic conception refers to the artistic realm produced by the poet's subjective feeling and the blending of form and spirit of things. Because the beauty of this artistic realm often exceeds the original intention of poetry, it not only embodies the basic characteristics of poetry, but also has the artistic effect of "incoherent and endless meaning", so artistic conception has become the core issue in poetry appreciation.
Key points:
① Find out the image in the poem.
(2) Expand association and imagination, and reproduce the picture in your own language.
(3) It is pointed out that the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery can be summarized by two disyllabic adjectives, such as magnificent, quiet and beautiful, lonely and desolate, desolate and miserable.
④ Expressed the poet's thoughts and feelings, such as joy, joy, excitement, sadness, sadness, parting, attachment, praise, admiration, heroism, leisure, tranquility, etc., or what kind of inspiration and thinking it gives people, and pointed out the reasons.
Example: Ask Du Fu's Jianghan, "Jianghan is homesick and Gan Kun is a pedant. The sky is far away, and the moon is lonely all night. The heart of the setting sun is still strong, and the autumn wind is sick. In ancient times, you didn't have to walk a long way to save an old horse. " In the second and third parts of the poem, several images are used, such as "a cloud", "a lonely moon", "sunset" and "autumn wind". Please analyze their scenes and their artistic conception. What kind of feelings did you express?
A: ① The "cloud" in the second couplet floats to the distant horizon, indicating that the poet is drifting away from his hometown; The "lonely moon" in Long Night means that the poet is far from being alone with the moon. Thirdly, use "sunset" to describe twilight; Autumn Wind is a real scene. (2) The combination of the two couplets creates a lonely and desolate artistic conception with a lofty sky and a long road to Xiu Yuan. (3) The poem mentions "strengthening the heart", "longing for the Soviet Union after illness" and "saving the old horse", from which we can see that the poet refuses to accept the old age and is not afraid of illness, and is permeated with a spirit of self-improvement and active use of the world; At the same time, from the perspective of the couplet, the poet has a feeling of being old and strong, but he has been wandering all his life and was eventually abandoned, which is much less resentful than the old horse.
(4) Image-based problems
Setup question:
(1) What is the main image or image of this poem?
(2) What expression is used to portray the image.
③ What are the specific features of the image?
④ What are the emotional characteristics of the image?
Answer prompt: The image of ancient poetry generally refers to the image of the protagonist, the image of the poet "I" and the image of the scenery. To analyze the image of poetry, we should identify the image, the characteristics of artistic conception and the blending of scenes according to the specific objects or pictures depicted in the poem, and then understand the thoughts and feelings entrusted by the poet and appreciate the philosophy contained in the image. It is usually analyzed from the perspectives of color, direction, strength, realism and movement.
The idea of answering questions can first summarize the overall characteristics and significance of images, and take this as the "central argument", grasp the specific characteristics or personality characteristics of images, and analyze and demonstrate this central argument in combination with the content of poems.
Key points:
What kind of image.
② Basic features of the image.
(3) the meaning of the image (the poet's thoughts, feelings and philosophy. )
For example: Q: Du Mu's "The Occasional Topic of Qi 'an County": "On the two sunset bridges, half a ray of light smoke is in the willow shadow. How many green lotus flowers hate each other, look back at the west wind for a while. "And Yang Wanli's" Twilight Tour of the Lotus Pond ":"The grass shakes its head and suddenly reports it, and the shawl stops a westerly wind. Lotus is still hot in the dusk, hiding in the blue umbrella. "What expressions are used in the two poems to describe the image of' Lotus'? On the different emotional characteristics of "lotus" in two poems.
Personified expression. The "violet" in Du Fu's poems is "against the west wind" because of "hate", which contains the poet's hate, shows the injustice of compassion and has a sad tone. However, the "Lotus" in Shi Yang's poems was blown into the lotus leaf by the west wind, which seemed to be "worried about the heat", but in fact it was shy, showing the author's love and joy, with a lively and interesting tone.
(5) Language feature questions
Question setting method:
(1) Talk about the linguistic features of this poem.
② Analyze the language style or language art of this poem.
Problem-solving tip: This kind of problem does not pay attention to the clever use of individual words, but to the taste of the language style of the whole poem. Therefore, we should learn to use the answering terms introduced in this series of Language of Ancient Poetry.
Answer the request:
(1) use one or two sentences or one or two sentences to accurately point out the language characteristics.
(2) Combining with the relevant sentences in the poem, this feature is analyzed in detail.
③ Explain how the words in the poem express the poet's feelings.
Please analyze Meng Haoran's Send Du Fourteen Visits to the South of the Yangtze River. "Jason Wu, as a hometown, is connected with water, and it is slim for you to go to Chunjiang. Where do the sails anchor at sunset? The language of the poem Tianya Duanren Intestine is colorful.
[a] The language of this poem is like flowing water, harmonious but not dull, deep but not straightforward. The first sentence points out that "Jason Wu" is close to each other, so say words of comfort first; The second sentence is about the scenic spots in front of us and the poet's vacant mind. The first two sentences are peaceful and implicit, and the feelings are not exposed. Naturally, the three sentences inherited the "slim" of the previous sentence; The word "where to park" contains endless eagerness and care. The end of the sentence is like a giant door opening, pushing the feeling of farewell to the peak. Full of affection, profound meaning, all in "looking at the end of the world", while "breaking people's hearts" expresses feelings without direct expression, incoherent and endless.
(6) Thematic theme
Setup question:
Regarding the content of this poem, some people think it is this way, some people think it is that way, and some people think it is both. What's your opinion? Please briefly explain the reasons.
(2) This word clearly describes the real scene in front of us and secretly contains the vicissitudes of history. Appreciate the related poems in the ci and combine them with the whole poem.
Answer prompt: Poetry expresses ambition, always expressing certain thoughts and feelings and pursuing certain ambitions. To identify the content of a poem, we should analyze the specific content of the poem and link it with the author's views, attitudes and social significance on the theme of the work.
Key points:
(1) Analyze which poems have been written.
(2) What emotions are expressed or pinned? What is hidden?
Example: It is pointed out that the word "Jiangchengzi" written by Ouyang Jiong in the Five Dynasties clearly describes the real scene in front of him and implicitly contains the vicissitudes of history. Try to appreciate the whole poem.
[a] "Water is ruthless" clearly describes the scenery of the eastbound Yangtze River outside Jinling City under the afterglow of sunset; It means that the emperors of the Six Dynasties were ruthlessly eliminated by history, and the extravagant life is gone forever. "The moon is over Gusutai", it is clear that the prosperity of the Six Dynasties has gone, leaving only the bright moon hanging high; Implicitly warned future generations not to repeat the mistakes of the Six Dynasties.
(7) Skills-based issues
Setup question:
(1) What means of expression is used in this poem (rhetoric, expression, expression)?
(2) What artistic techniques (expressive techniques) are used in this poem, how to express the poet's feelings and what role it plays.
Answer hint: Expression skill is a means and method used by poets to express their feelings and themes. To answer accurately, you must be familiar with some of the expressions mentioned above.
(1) Distinguish between lyric ways. There are two kinds of lyricism: direct lyricism and indirect lyricism, and indirect lyricism is divided into borrowing scenery to express feelings.
There are three kinds of lyricism, expressing meaning and expressing reason.
(2) Identify expression techniques. A. Contrast (positive contrast and negative contrast) can be divided into three types: dynamic contrast, silent sound contrast and musical scene contrast. B. symbols; C. comparison; D. draw a line; E. combination of reality and reality; F. combination of static and dynamic; G. point and surface, cadence, front side combination, etc.
③ Investigate rhetorical devices. Contrast, metaphor, personification, exaggeration, pun, allusion, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, thimble, intertextuality, etc.
Requirements for answering questions: ① Accurately point out what expression is used. (2) Based on the analysis of this poem, why do you think this technique should be used? (3) How does this technique express the poet's feelings or will?
Example 1: Su Shi's Drinking on the Lake, Chu Qing after Rain: "The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy. Compared with West Lake and West Lake, it is always appropriate to make up for it. " The world has commented that this poem is "good at turning ordinary into novelty and turning decadent into magic", which is remarkable in its expression. Please analyze it.
[Answer] This poem is really remarkable: first, the first sentence is about water and sunshine, and the second sentence is about mountains and rainy days, showing a symmetrical beauty. Second, the situations in sentences are mixed, and the situations between sentences are relative; "The water is bright" and "the mountain is empty" describe its state, "the sunny side is good" and "the rain is strange" express its feelings; Scenery is a scene of communication and communication, and feelings are extensive and lofty. The beauty of the West Lake is written, and the poet's feelings are fully expressed.
The image metaphor and overall evaluation of the back picture are more metaphors of what people can't say and what Taoist people can't say; The poet crossed the boundary between people and things and linked the different costumes of stone with the different scenery of the West Lake. The West Lake is really beautiful. Lakes, mountains, sunny days and rain are "always suitable" and each has its own charm. The poet's artistic technique of making amazing words through ordinary things is actually to turn ordinary into novelty and decadent into magic.
Example 2: Reading Liu Fentai's On the Pond after Rain: "When the pond rains, the water surface is flat, and the mirror looks at the eaves, which is even more noisy." Briefly analyze how this poem expresses the calm of the pond water surface after rain. ② Try to appreciate this poem from the perspectives of "static" and "dynamic". (2005 National College Entrance Examination Volume III)
[Answer] ① The water surface is like a gently polished mirror, reflecting the eaves and purlin columns beside the pond to show the calm of the water surface after the rain. ② In the first and second sentences, the words "water level", "mirror" and "jacaranda" are used to describe the beautiful and charming static state of the lotus pond after the rain, while in the third and fourth sentences, the words "sudden wind" and "weeping willow dancing" are used, and the raindrops on weeping willow leaves are blown to the lotus leaves by the wind, which shows a dynamic beauty on the lotus pond after the rain. Poetry not only writes static, but also writes dynamic, with static showing dynamic, with dynamic lining static, and the combination of dynamic and static forms a pond spring scene after rain.
The above seven kinds of appreciation questions are prompted separately, and the repeated emphasis is "what to ask and what to answer". Don't miss some requirements, try to get the answers in place and don't lose points. Of course, don't stick to specific appreciation and answers, but be flexible and accurate.