Depression has become a "mental cold" that people can't get rid of. Every moment, more people may be crushed by this "mental cold" than we thought.
According to the statistics of the World Health Organization in 20 17, the number of people suffering from depression in the world exceeded 300 million, accounting for 4.3% of the global population. During the ten years from 2005 to 20 15, the incidence of depression increased rapidly by more than 18%. It is predicted that by 2030, it will become the largest disease burden in the world.
Among patients with depression, 60% are suicidal. Every year, 1 10,000 people in the world commit suicide or die of depression, and more than14 of them come from China. At present, the recognition rate of depression in China is only 30%, and the rate of seeking medical treatment for depression is less than 10%.
Although China is one of the countries with the largest number of people suffering from depression, there are still many people who know little about depression, and even scoff at it.
"It's just that I'm too idle and easy to think too much. Take it easy. "
"sentimental, too melodramatic, too fragile inside."
"The pressure is too great. Adjust yourself."
......
Such as this, people's ignorance of depression has produced many wrong perceptions. Many people don't understand that emotions are human nature, and everyone has bad emotions. There is also emotional unhappiness, how can it be said that it is sick? Some people even think that depression can be cured by seeing a psychologist without taking medicine.
"Drink water, be warm and know yourself." This sentence tells the voice of many people with depression. People who have never suffered from depression can hardly feel the pain caused by this disease. Persuading "to be happy" and "to be open-minded" blindly is not only futile, but also counterproductive, giving people with depression a feeling that they are not understood and always misunderstood, which aggravates the condition of depression.
Deputy Chief Physician Gan of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University said in an interview, "Depression is a mental illness with insufficient brain capacity. Patients have lost the ability to make themselves happy, and even if they do something as happy as before, they can no longer feel happy from it. " In other words, if the patient can "relax" by himself, it is not depression.
"Depression is a physiological mental disorder disease, with significant and persistent depression as the core symptom. From the perspective of psychiatric diagnosis, symptoms, duration of symptoms, and emotional problems caused by other organic diseases can all be diagnosed as depression. "
As for the depression that many people think, it is a common misunderstanding to just find a psychologist. Gan Zhaoyu explained that only patients with mild depression can be cured by psychotherapy, and patients with moderate or severe depression need to consider drug intervention.
Depression belongs to depressive constitution? People who look happy every day will never get depression, right? Actually, it is not. On the surface, talking and laughing may just be an illusion in disguise. After laughing, it may be loneliness and sadness in my heart. However, Professor Pan Jiyang of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University reminded that "smiling depression" is a popular term, and there is no such term in medicine. More often it is a manifestation of "bipolar depression".
"There are many related studies abroad that show that depressive symptoms in adolescence are often diagnosed as bipolar depression, which accounts for 50%-70%."
Often referred to as "depression", it generally refers to unipolar disorder, while bipolar depression is often characterized by emotional ups and downs, sometimes excitement and sometimes depression, and is often misdiagnosed as one-way disorder. Professor Pan Jiyang said that there is a big difference between the two treatments. Bipolar depression does not advocate the use of antidepressants. If you treat depression according to it, it will increase the difficulty of treatment and increase the risk of suicide.
A number of data show that the prevalence rate of depression in adult women is twice that of men, which is often related to many special periods experienced by women in their lives, especially the reproductive period. According to statistics, the tendency of postpartum depression in Chinese women is as high as 50%-70%, and the incidence of postpartum depression is 10%- 15%.
After searching online, news about postpartum depression emerged one after another: On February 24th, Luo Mou, a 25-year-old mother in Nanning, threw her 4-year-old son from the 3 1 building and died. On February 20th, a 28-year-old woman from Xiaoshan, Hangzhou jumped from the 23rd floor and died after feeding her baby. Who would have thought that the baby was in the warm arms of its mother one second and separated forever the next? Even many female stars in the entertainment circle, such as Anita Yuen, Jenny and Zhang Ziyi, have been found to suffer from postpartum depression.
Are there any signs of postpartum depression? Gan said that postpartum depression is often manifested in a bad mood, poor self-evaluation and no interest in anything. Physically, there are usually symptoms such as insomnia, headache, dizziness and tinnitus.
"Postpartum depression will make the maternal body and mind suffer. Sometimes a person sits silently crying, and sometimes he loses his temper inexplicably; Due to the change of family members' relationship, it is easy to produce verbal conflicts and make behaviors that hurt others, leading to family breakdown; For the newborn baby, it will also produce a sense of disgust, unable to breastfeed normally, which will affect the establishment of the mother-child relationship, make the child feel insecure and bring serious psychological harm to the future growth. "
When postpartum depression is serious, the mother will abuse the child, even have the idea of being world-weary, and have the terrible idea of expanding suicide. She thinks that the child is left unattended after death and simply takes him with her, which eventually leads to the tragedy of "both mother and child are damaged".
Gan reminded that postpartum depression does not appear after delivery. It often faces mental disorders during pregnancy, but it is easy to be ignored until after delivery. In order to avoid the tragedy caused by postpartum depression, it is necessary to find the abnormal situation of parturient in time and then treat it as soon as possible.
At present, there are psychotherapy, physical therapy and drug therapy for postpartum depression. Psychotherapy is to help pregnant women correctly understand pregnancy and childbirth and build confidence in their new identity; Physical therapy allows patients to control their emotions through music, external environment stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The effect of drug treatment will be more effective, and of course it will also affect breastfeeding to a certain extent, so doctors will choose the appropriate treatment according to the actual situation of pregnant women.
The elderly have always been a group that is easily overlooked. In addition to many chronic diseases caused by the deterioration of health, many elderly people often suffer from depression mentally.
Foreign epidemiological surveys show that the prevalence of major depression in people over 65 years old is 1%~5%, and it will double over 70 years old. The reason why the elderly are favored by depression is mainly related to factors such as leaving society after retirement, losing spiritual sustenance, being plagued by various diseases for a long time, and some economic difficulties.
Professor Pan Jiyang pointed out that the average elderly can still adapt to retirement within five years after retirement, because at this time they may help buy food, cook and take care of their grandchildren in their lives, but as they grow older, they can and need to do less and less. Losing sense of value and loneliness will attack the elderly, coupled with physical illness, many factors will make them fall into depression.
"Widowhood is a major cause of depression in the elderly, and the death of a spouse is a heavy blow to the elderly." The survey found that nearly 14% of the elderly suffered from severe depression after their spouses died, and they often tried to commit suicide in a state of severe depression. Among the elderly over 65, the suicide rate can be as high as 29.3/65438+ 10,000, which is much higher than the general population. What is even more regrettable is that the suicide success rate of these elderly people is often very high.
The treatment of depression in the elderly is different from that in the young. Professor Pan Jiyang pointed out that the treatment of depression in the elderly was different from that of ordinary adults from the beginning, and the general dosage was halved. Because many elderly people still have the habit of taking other drugs, they should also consider whether they will react with other drugs.
Depression is a common disease, and everyone may suffer from depression. When you feel depressed and lose interest for more than 2 weeks, you should seek medical advice in time. It is suggested that more friends, regular exercise, regular work and rest and diet in daily life can effectively reduce the risk of depression.