First, Agricultural University Chestnut No.1

Agricultural University 1 Chestnut is a new chestnut variety with early maturity, dwarfing, high and stable yield, which was bred by South China Agricultural University using fast neutron radiation mutation technology. Now it has been popularized in all parts of Guangdong and parts of Guangxi and Jiangxi, with good performance. This variety blooms in Guangzhou in mid-May and matures in mid-August. It is one of the earliest varieties in China. Single fruit weight 13g, tender and sweet meat. Because the branches are short and stout, the fruits are picked early, and the branches accumulate more nutrients, so the ability to bear fruit continuously is strong, the number of male flowers decreases, the number of female flowers increases, the fruit setting rate is high, and the yield is high and stable. Because the tree is short and the crown is compact, it is suitable for close planting and easy to manage. It is an excellent variety with good comprehensive properties and can be planted all over the province.

Second, Heyuan oil chestnut

Heyuan oil chestnut is mainly produced in Dongyuan County, Heyuan City, and cultivated in surrounding counties. The weight of a single fruit is about 14g, the meat is tender and sweet, and the quality is excellent. The local area matured in late September. High yield, suitable for planting in hilly and mountainous areas of eastern Guangdong.

Third, oil-sealed chestnuts.

Fengkai Oil Chestnut originated in Changgang Town, Fengkai County, and has been cultivated for 500 years, and it has also been cultivated in surrounding counties. This variety has a single fruit weight of about 15g, thin skin, reddish brown, luster, egg-yellow flesh, fragrance and good quality. The local area matured in late September. Suitable for planting in hilly and mountainous areas of western Guangdong.

4. Shao LiNo. 18

Shao Li 18 was selected by Shaoguan Forestry Research Institute on 1974 and passed the provincial appraisal. Now it has been popularized in the whole province and Jiangxi Province. However, the phenomenon of empty bracts is particularly serious because the supporting cultivation techniques ignore pollinated varieties. The single fruit weight of this variety is about 1 1g, and the skin is reddish brown, shiny, waxy and sweet, with good quality. The local area matured in early September.

Five or nine species

Nine species are native to Dongting Mountain, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, and are the main local varieties. It is one of the excellent varieties in the province, named after "nine out of ten". This variety has a single fruit weight of 12g, sweet and waxy meat and good quality. The local area matured in late September. The multi-point trial planting in Guangxi performed well and matured in late August. Trees are small, suitable for close planting, high yield and strong adaptability, and can be planted in northern Guangdong.

Six, big fruit black chestnut

Black chestnut with big fruit is one of the excellent varieties widely cultivated in Guangxi, with single fruit weight18-19g, dark skin, strong tree potential and high and stable yield. Local 65438+ 10 matures in the first half of October. Introduction and trial planting can be carried out everywhere.

Seven, chestnuts

Chestnut originated in Shaoyang, Hunan, and has performed well in Guangdong and Guangxi in recent years. The single fruit weight of this variety is 13g, and its quality is excellent. The local area matured in late September. The tree is short, the crown is compact, the ability of branching and continuous fruiting is strong, and the yield is high and stable. Northern Guangdong can actively introduce and try to plant.

(1) Castanea mollissima is a kind of dried fruit with rich nutrition and high economic value, and it is also an important woody edible tree species suitable for both north and south. Chestnut is cold-resistant, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant, pest-resistant and has wide adaptability. As long as the light is sufficient and the drainage performance is good, it can be planted in slightly acidic soil, regardless of slope or hill.

(2) Castanea mollissima should be sowed from the end of 10 to the middle of March, and the best time is1~ 65438+February. After the land is leveled and ditched according to the conventional method, planting holes are dug at the same height as the plant spacing of 4m× 4m or 2m× 2m, and the surface humus soil is returned to the holes. One month before sowing chestnut, apply 0.25 kg of phosphate fertilizer or compound fertilizer and 25 kg of farmyard manure to each hole, and mix them with the hole soil as base fertilizer. Select fine varieties with pure varieties and complete roots, such as Jingzhou Juda chestnut, Maobanhong, Jiujiazhong, Toli and so on. When planting, the seedlings should be righted, the roots should be stretched, and the moist fine soil should be closely covered. The fill soil should be compacted, tightened and loosened, and the surface of the pile soil should not exceed the joint.

(3) Fertilizer and water management In the first two years after planting fruit trees, crops such as beans, green manure and potatoes can be intercropped to ripen the soil and improve fertilizer efficiency. Results Weeding was done in intertillage (in the middle and late June, August and September respectively), and ring or radial furrow application was adopted, and strong shoot fertilizer (April-May), strong fruit fertilizer (June-August) and fruit picking fertilizer (September-10) were applied. According to the determination, in order to produce 65438 000 kilograms of chestnut, it is necessary to supplement 65438 03 kilograms of urea, 22 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 9.5 kilograms of potassium chloride. If foliar fertilizer is sprayed, it should be sprayed every 10 ~ 15 days.

(4) Castanea mollissima's shaping and pruning tree forms are mainly evacuation layering (delayed heart shape), natural heart shape and semicircle with three main branches at the base. The pruning of young trees is mainly based on fixed stem shaping, and the height is 80 ~ 100 cm. There are three main branches in the plastic belt with azimuth of about 120 degrees, and the branch groups such as extended branches and secondary main branches are determined according to the actual situation. The pruning of adult trees focuses on cultivating high-yield population structure, adjusting the contradiction between growth and fruiting, and grasping pruning branches according to different situations. Plastic pruning is divided into summer pruning (corner opening, coring, twisting, bud wiping, branch pulling, branch taking, carving, peeling, etc.). ) and winter pruning (drying, shrinking and pruning).

(V) Regulation of Flowers and Fruits On the premise of promoting flower bud differentiation, the branches of male flowers, male bracts and male fruits should be thinned reasonably according to the tree body and environmental conditions before and after the budding stage, flowering stage and physiological fruit dropping stage. Male flowers should be thinned in early May, with strong branches thinning 1/2 ~ 1/3, weak branches thinning 100%, and the total thinning amount is about 90%. From late May to early June (when the young buds are as big as soybeans), the buds are sparse, and the strong branches are sparse with 3 to 8 buds. Keep strong fruits, sparse weak and sick fruits. Spraying 0.3% borax or boric acid with 500 times urea at flowering stage, and spraying 800 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the end of July to protect fruits (strong fruits).

(VI) Prevention and control of pests and diseases Each forest land can adopt biological and chemical methods for comprehensive prevention and control as appropriate.