First, the role of shaping pruning can adjust the relationship between fig growth and fruit, make the tree robust, stable yield and good quality, and make its growth and development always conducive to the needs of production. After proper pruning, the fig tree crown is neat, the master and slave are clear, the branches are even, the fruits inside and outside the crown are even, and there is no phenomenon of big and small years, which prolongs the fruit life. If it is not pruned and allowed to grow naturally, the tree will be disordered, prone to decline, and the fruiting period and life span of the tree will be shortened.
2. The influencing factors of shaping are influenced by fig variety characteristics, planting site conditions, tree age, planting density, pruning reaction and other factors, and there are obvious differences between different varieties or even between the same varieties. Therefore, targeted pruning methods should be adopted according to local conditions in plastic pruning. In short, follow the following principles:
1, because trees are shaped by pruning branches (tangible immortality, intangible chaos);
2. Long-term planning and reasonable arrangement (overall consideration of growth results);
3, balance the tree potential, the master and slave are respectively (the tree is sparse and dense, the outside is sparse and dense, and the big branches are dense);
4. After regrouping, it is mainly light (the weak trees are cut down again to restore the tree potential, and the prosperous trees are lightly cut to expand the crown).
Third, the common fig tree shape A reasonable tree shape is the basis for high yield of figs. Figs like light, and the tree shape should be flat to protect certain branches and leaves. The advantages and disadvantages of common trees in production are introduced as follows:
1, Happy Modeling
Suitable for summer and autumn fruits with strong growth potential (such as green tangerine peel), but not suitable for windy areas. Tree features: the trunk is 40-50 cm high and has 3-4 main branches, which extend in all directions respectively. The included angle between the three main branches is 120 degrees, and the included angle between the four main branches is 90 degrees. There are lateral branches and fruiting branches on the main branch.
The advantages are firm skeleton, good ventilation and light transmission, good fruit coloring and large fruit bearing area;
The disadvantage is that with the increase of growth, the tree body is easy to be harvested too much, which is inconvenient, the lower part is bald, the fruit part moves out seriously, and the fruit quality decreases. Attention should be paid to retraction and renewal.
2. Cong
This kind of tree is suitable for varieties with strong branches, large branch growth and relatively resistant to pruning, such as Blank, Ma Shi and peach powder. This kind of tree is in the upper part of the frozen area. After the green skin freezes to death, it can be used as medicine. Characteristics of trees: short crown, no trunk and clumping. After planting, leave a height of about 10 cm at the base and cut it again, so that it can sprout 4 ~ 6 new shoots as main branches and bear fruit that year. In the future, the main branches will be shortened, new branches will be promoted to expand their crowns, and branches will be cultivated.
The advantages are short crown, suitable for windy and northern protected cultivation, and convenient for close planting management;
Disadvantages are poor ventilation and light transmission, and low fruiting position, which affects fruit quality.
3. "One" shape
Suitable for close planting, protected land, gardens and roadside cultivation. South Korea often uses this tree in Masi? Peach powder and Penglai persimmon are cultivated in protected fields. Tree features: the trunk is 40-50 cm high and has two main branches, with both sides extending in a straight line of 180 degrees. In the first and second years of plastic surgery, fix them with thick iron wires or bamboo poles to avoid rebound and deformation, and add two to each branch.
The advantages are short and compact crown, easy operation, wind resistance and easy management;
The disadvantage is that the fruit part is easy to move out, and the tree is weak and fast.
4. Double happiness shape
Also known as "cross" or "X" shape, this tree shape is adopted in some fig cultivation areas in Japan. The trunk is 40-50 high, and the four main branches are divided into two layers, with the spacing between layers of 30-40 cm, and each layer has two main branches. Two branches in the first layer extend in opposite directions at right angles, and two branches in the second layer extend outward at a 90-degree angle with the main branch in the first layer, and the two main branches form a regular cross. The main branch is provided with side branches and branch groups. The angle between the main branch and the center line is slightly smaller than the happiness.
The advantages are good ventilation and light transmission, large fruiting area and high yield;
The disadvantage is that the plastic requirements are strict and it is difficult to update.
5. y-shape
Suitable for close planting. Tree features: the trunk is 40 ~ 50 cm high, and two main branches grow above the trunk, and the main branches make an angle of 45 degrees with the row direction. The number of lateral branches cultivated on each main branch depends on the planting density. If 83 plants are planted per mu, 2 ~ 3 lateral branches can be left on each main branch. If11plant is planted per mu, leave 1 ~ 2 lateral branches on each main branch; Those with dense planting can directly configure the fruiting branch group on the main branch.
Advantages: the pruning and picking operations are convenient;
Disadvantages: too many trees are easy to split, so pay attention to controlling fruit setting in wind disaster areas.
6. Fan-shaped
The trunk is 40 ~ 50 cm high, the tree is 2.0 ~ 2.2 m high, the thickness is 1.2 ~ 1.6 m, and there are 5 ~ 6 main branches, which are inclined to both sides. The main branches are equipped with side branches, which make the branches evenly distributed and show a cattail leaf shape. Suitable for close planting, garden and street tree cultivation.
The advantage is beautiful tree shape;
The defect shaping technology is more demanding and should be updated in time.
7. Big tree shape
When the trunk length of fig planted underground is 1.5 meters, the top can be removed. Leave 3-4 branches as main branches 50 cm above the ground, and the extension directions of the three branches should avoid overlapping, which will affect the illumination.