Lighting system: The main function of the lighting system is to guide the light emitted by the light source to the incident slit to ensure the uniformity and effectiveness of the light. Usually, the lighting system includes light source, reflector, collimator and other components. The brightness, direction and angle of the light source can be adjusted to adapt to different experimental conditions and sample types.

Quasi-optical system: The main function of quasi-optical system is to convert incident non-parallel light into parallel light and project it on the dispersive prism. Collimation system usually consists of lens, collimator, slit, laser beam expander and so on. Their function is to converge the light to one point and adjust the direction and angle of the light to achieve the best optical effect.

Dispersion system: the main function of dispersion system is to decompose the incident white light into different wavelength spectra and project them on the photosensitive plate. Dispersion system is usually composed of optical elements such as dispersion prism and grating, which can disperse light with different wavelengths in different directions to form a spectrum. The performance of dispersion system has great influence on the resolution and sensitivity of spectrometer.

Recording system: The main function of the recording system is to record the dispersion spectrum on the photosensitive plate for subsequent digital processing and analysis. The recording system is usually composed of photosensitive plates and photodetectors such as photodiodes, which can convert light into electrical signals and digital signals for digital processing and analysis by computers.

To sum up, the optical system of spectrometer consists of four parts: illumination system, quasi-optical system, dispersion system and recording system. Each part has its unique function and cooperates with each other to obtain accurate and reliable spectral data.