First, long-term release is called long-term release for annual branches that have not been cut or only the upper secondary branches have been cut. After light cutting and long release, the survival rate of synthetic branches on the tree is high, and the growth rate of branches is not strong, but the total growth rate is high, which can disperse nutrients and promote the function of branching and flowering.
Second, short cutting is to cut off a part of the annual branches to enhance the branching ability, reduce the branching position and enhance the growth potential of new shoots. Used to increase the pruning of technical backbone branches, with the purpose of shaping fruiting branches and upgrading and rejuvenating. It can inhibit and weaken short branch pruning, branch expansion and thickening, trunk expansion and root growth. After cutting short, the terminal buds of branches can be changed, which can partially promote the growth of buds around the incision, promote the germination of buds and promote the growth of new shoots. Cutting can be divided into light cutting, medium cutting, heavy cutting and extremely heavy cutting.
Light cutting and short cutting is to cut off a part of the blind node in front of the branch. The survival rate of synthetic branches is improved after short cutting, and the growth potential of branches and leaves is not strong. The total growth rate of branches is large, mostly concentrated on branches with full buds, mostly concentrated in the middle and upper ends, and the following branches are mostly short branches or foliage branches.
Short and medium pruning refers to cutting off half of the total length of annual branches, that is, half, and the new shoots sprouting in the second year generally have poor growth potential. Re-cutting is to cut off 2/3 ~ 3/4 of the length of annual branches. Several vigorous branches will grow in the coming year. Example: a: increase the growth and development of branches as technical backbone branches; B: pruning of long branches and fruiting branches Extremely heavy cutting refers to cutting off most annual branches, leaving only 1~2 buds at the top. Example: Used for lifting and shaping long fruit branches.
Third, thinning completely cuts a branch from the tip, which is called thinning. The key is to thin the branches that are too dense or too dense, so that the branches are evenly distributed on the tree body, the ventilation and light transmission standard of the trunk is improved, and the growth and development ability and flower promotion ability of the branches are improved. For example, thinning out over-dense branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, market competition branches and pest branches. The function of thinning branches: it can promote the lower branches and inhibit the upper branches. The thicker the thinning, the more obvious the effect. Thinning can balance the plant type, the growth of technical backbone branches is unbalanced in the whole process of plastic surgery, and the leafy branches can be thinned more.
4. Shrinking and cutting off a part of the perennial branches on the 2~3-year-old branches is called shrinkage drying. The function of shrinkage shear is to adjust the upward trend and arrange indoor space reasonably, which is also an upgrade. For example, the cut branches themselves are weak, while the cut branches are strong, which can stimulate the growth of the cut branches and achieve the purpose of rejuvenation. If the cutting branches are poor, "weak on the top and weak on the bottom" will seriously weaken the growth of branches. The cut mother branches and cuttings are very strong, and the cut amount is not large, which can promote the medium-long fruiting branches with strong single bud germination, and the branches and leaves above the long branches can repair the upward trend.
5. Pick your heart and remove the tender part at the top of the new tip, which is called pinching. The function of denucleation: it can temporarily stop the growth of branches, improve the nutritional components of the upper parts of branches, promote the richness of young leaves and promote flowering. For branches that are not cored, the flower buds are mostly scattered in the middle and upper ends of the branches, and the winter shears must stay for a long time, so the conclusion position is very easy to shift. In the early stage of shoot growth, long branches can be used where there is space, leaving 5-7 nodes for coring to promote the early germination of secondary buds, which can be decomposed into full flower buds.
These are common pruning techniques for peach trees. Only by figuring out these pruning techniques can you prune every peach tree well. When the pruning is done in the growing period, the tree will have favorable conditions for ventilation and light transmission, and the buds on the branches will be full, so you won't worry about not producing high-quality peach fruit on the tree next year.