And the brand's unique black technology, intelligent management, five-kilometer online promotion, WeChat marketing, app automatic order taking and other functions can all improve profit points. In addition, other additional projects can be grafted while operating dry cleaners to maximize profits. The company will also provide raw materials from time to time to help you recover the cost faster.
Therefore, the high-profit Oberson brand is a good choice.
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It can prevent gel aggregation and can be used to make milk sour or soften other fruits, but this characteristic will be weakened in cooking.
In addition, the sugar and enzymes contained in pineapple have a certain diuretic effect, which is beneficial to nephritis and hypertension, and also has an auxiliary effect on bronchitis. Because of the function of cellulose, it also has a certain effect on the treatment of constipation. When you have indigestion, eating pineapple can stimulate appetite, relieve greasy, help digestion and relieve constipation. In addition, pineapple is rich in vitamin B 1, which can promote metabolism and eliminate fatigue. ? [7]?
Pineapple juice has a cooling effect and can effectively prevent bronchitis, but it is best not to have a fever. According to medical research, since ancient times, human beings often rely on bromelain contained in pineapples to relieve the symptoms of sore throat and cough. Pineapple peel is rich in bromelain and has rich medicinal value. According to the experiments of foreign experts for more than 20 years, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes is obviously reduced after long-term consumption of pineapple peel, and it has certain anti-cancer effect. It also contains an enzyme that can decompose protein.
As a fresh food, pineapple is golden in color, rich in fragrance, sweet and sour, crisp and juicy. Pineapple fruit is mostly used for canning except fresh food, and is widely loved because it can keep its original flavor. Canned pineapple is known as "international canned fruit" and can also be made into a variety of processed products, which are widely welcomed by consumers.
Pineapple, like some fruits, can make some people allergic, and the allergic reaction can appear within 15 minutes at the earliest. This symptom is called "pineapple disease" or "pineapple poisoning". For example, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, skin flushing, itching all over the body, numbness of limbs, mouth and tongue, dyspnea, shock and other serious allergic reactions.
Before eating, the pineapple is soaked in salt water, and some organic acids contained in it can be decomposed in salt water to remove the sour taste and make the pineapple taste sweeter. You can also scald it with boiling water before eating. Bromelain began to denature at 45℃~50℃, and more than 90% was destroyed at 100℃. Glycosides can also be destroyed and eliminated at the same time; Serotonin is soluble in water. After cooking, the taste is also improved. Don't eat too many pineapples at a time. Excessive consumption is harmful to the stomach. The baby who eats for the first time only eats the size of a biscuit. If there is no abnormality, the amount can be increased appropriately next time.
1. Because pineapple contains stimulating glycoside and bromelain, it will decompose protein in the body and stimulate the young epidermis of human oral mucosa and lips. If you don't soak the pineapple in salt water before eating, you will feel paralyzed and tingling. So trim the skin and thorns, cut the pulp into pieces, soak it in light salt water or sugar water, and leach out the glycosides before eating. After pineapple is soaked in salt water, it can effectively destroy the internal allergic structure of "pineapple prion", thus losing the ability to make people allergic and the toxicity to some constitutions.
After eating meat or greasy food, eating pineapple is good for your health. "Pineapple Goo Old Meat" and "Pineapple Beef" are both safe dishes to eat.
3. Pineapple and eggs can't be eaten together. Protein in eggs is combined with fruit acid in pineapple, which easily coagulates protein and affects digestion.
4, pineapple and honey can be eaten at the same time, pineapple honey soup can cure bronchitis. However, people who are unwell or have diarrhea symptoms are advised not to eat like this. ? [7]?
Pineapple flowers germinate, grow and bloom brilliantly. No distractions, no boundaries, even places, we must go deep into the essence. This belief in pursuing perfection has always been accompanied by pineapple flowers. There are many small flowers densely clustered on the stem, forming a thick spike, and the bracts at the top of the spike extend radially. Every little flower is a star. Flowers are yellow, light green, pink and white. Pineapple is a very beautiful indoor potted flower, which can enjoy flowers and leaves. With its rosette-like plant type, bright ear color and long flowering period, it has gradually become the "darling" of the New Year flower market.
Gift-giving etiquette: paper towels are laid in the flower basket, and tropical fruits such as pineapple, lily and boiled pineapple are put inside.
The origin of the name
First of all, the origin of pineapple is related to paramita (honey), which is a Buddhist term in Chinese and refers to reaching the other side; The second refers to a tropical fruit, which is now standardized as jackfruit. Jackfruit (or jackfruit, honey) is a tropical fruit, which originated in India and was introduced to Southeast Asia and China very early (it was introduced in the Tang Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties). Today, it is also called wood pineapple, tree pineapple and river snail. Paramita is related to Buddhism, a great religion, which originated in India and then spread to China and China. Paramim is a combination of transliteration and free translation of Sanskrit. The original translation of paramita omits the word "duo". It is said that the paramita of fruit trees is called paramita because of its large fruit (such as wax gourd) and sweet taste.
Secondly, pineapple is also closely related to Buddhist statues with paramita. Anyone who has personally peeled and eaten pineapple will know that there are many hexagonal (or hexagonal) thorns or sun fruit thorns on the shell of pineapple fruit, that is, the remains of small flowers, which are quite like the hair bun of Buddha and Bodhisattva statues (such as Leshan Giant Buddha, Dazu Stone Carved Buddha and various stone carved Buddha statues). In the history of Buddhism, most stone statues of Buddha statues are different from Buddhist monks and nuns in life, and they are generally shaved. Most Buddha statues are made of hair and combed into a bun. Of course, there are hats, headscarves and bald heads. It is conceivable that the ancient people in China, influenced by Buddhism, called this American fruit introduced by westerners paramita, later referred to as Poirot.
Thirdly, there was a man named Kyle Poirot, who had a great influence in the history of cultural exchange between China and the West. He comes from Italy. He came to China in the early Yuan Dynasty and stayed in China for more than ten years. After coming back, he wrote a book, The Travels of Marco Polo, which aroused great interest and eager yearning of westerners for China. So calling this fruit pineapple (Poirot) is a bit foreign, which is consistent with its spread from the west (people).
When American pineapple was first introduced, it was confused with jackfruit imported from India and Southeast Asia. But these two tropical fruits are very different, so people gradually separate their names. Li said in Volume XIII of Notes on South Vietnam during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty: "Fancun in the middle of Guangdong is a mountainous town, planted along the road, with horizontal stems like fists and prickly leaves, full of balance." It is known that the jackfruit of American fruit has been reduced to Poirot at this time; The word "mountain" is added in front of it, which means it can be planted on the hillside. Wu Qi of Daoguang period in Qing Dynasty said in Volume 31 of Textual Research on Plant Names: "Loudou produces fruit 100 east, which is Poirot". He went on to say, "Also known as Fanlouzi, it looks like an orchid with dense leaves and stems. Its leaves are peeled and stored with tendons, that is, polonium. " This may be the earliest record called Poirot alone.
The word "pineapple" may first appear in the third volume of Yin Zheng Ji Yao by Gao Jingting in Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty, but it was not explained. So at this time, Poirot has begun to be added with grass heads by literati, indicating that it is a plant and a fruit. Polo is a sequel to Ci Yuan and a revised edition of Ci Hai published in the Republic of China, and its interpretation has been nearly contemporary. It can be seen that the Republic of China was simplified to Poirot. It was not until the dictionaries and dictionaries published after liberation that it was officially defined as "pineapple". ? [8]?
Name discussion
Pineapple is one of the four tropical fruits in the world (the other three are bananas, coconuts and mangoes), ranking second. Pineapple originated in America and was introduced in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was deeply loved by Chinese people. China is one of the main producers and consumers of pineapple. However, there are many differences in the appellation of pineapple in modern Chinese, which need to be standardized and unified.
Modern Chinese Dictionary, the most commonly used and authoritative Chinese dictionary in China (edited by the Dictionary Office of Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, revised by the Commercial Press, 1997 edition), contains "pineapple", but it is only interpreted as "wind pear"; There is also a "jackfruit" article, which is interpreted as "1, wood pineapple. Also known as paramita. 2, commonly known as the wind pear "(page 96). Modern Korean also has "Jackfruit 2", which is just interpreted as "the same jackfruit". The modern article "Pineapple" in Han Dynasty has a detailed explanation, and finally points out that it is also called "pineapple, commonly known as jackfruit" (38 1 page). In other words, Xianhan advocated using pineapple as the official name of this fruit (tree), and at the same time showed that this fruit was also called pineapple, commonly known as jackfruit (sometimes written as jackfruit on the basis of this word). The Chinese Dictionary, the largest Chinese dictionary in China today, is treated in the same way as modern Chinese, with pineapple as the main entry.
Cihai, the most commonly used and authoritative encyclopedia dictionary in China (edited by editorial board, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, revised edition 1999), has an article "pineapple" with detailed explanations and illustrations, also known as "yellow pear" and "pineapple" (page 723). There is also "pineapple" in Ci Hai, but it is only interpreted as "pineapple" (page 4 17). That is to say, Cihai advocates using pineapple as the official name of this fruit (tree), and at the same time shows that this fruit is also called pineapple and yellow pear.
In the fields of agriculture and gardening, pineapple and pineapple seem to be evenly matched. For example, in the 1980s, the mainland published books such as Pineapple and Its Cultivation, and Taiwan Province Province published books such as Production Technology of Pineapple, Apricot and Jujube. However, "China Agricultural Encyclopedia Volume" and "China Agricultural Encyclopedia Fruit Tree Volume" both set a "pineapple", and explained that it is also known as pineapple and yellow pear; Also known as pineapple, Wang Li and yellow pear. It seems that the agricultural and horticultural circles in mainland China tend to use pineapple as the official name of this fruit (tree). As can be seen from the above, linguists prefer to use pineapple, and both agricultural and horticultural circles like to use pineapple.
Except ...
(4) Before the grafted seedlings germinate in early spring, the upper rootstock should be cut off at 65438±0cm above the grafted seedlings. Alternatively, the upper rootstock can be cut off at 1 time, that is, a living pile with a length of about 15-20 cm is left above the grafted bud as a support for binding the new shoots, and all the new shoots are cut off after lignification, but the rootstock is cut off at the second time.
grafted seedling
(1) The grafting operation is faster. The longer Daoxiao Noodles is exposed to the air, the easier Daoxiao Noodles will be oxidized and discolored, which will affect meristem division and the lower the survival rate.
(2) The joint between the rootstock and the ear should be tied tightly, so that the rootstock is closely connected with the cambium of the ear to promote survival.
(3) Keeping a certain temperature at the joint after transplantation is one of the keys to form healing tissue.
In addition, intertillage weeding, fertilization, irrigation and pest control should be carried out in time.
Red bean is an annual erect or twining herb. The height is 30-90 cm, and the plants are sparse. Pinnate compound leaves with 3 leaflets; Stipules shield-shaped, arrow-shaped, 0.9- 1.7 cm long; Leaflets ovate to rhomboid-ovate, 5- 10 cm long and 5-8 cm wide, with wide triangular or nearly round apex, lateral oblique, entire or shallow trilobal, with slightly sparse hairs on both sides.
Flowers yellow, about 5 or 6 peanuts at the top of short total pedicel; Pedicel is very short; Bracteoles lanceolate, 6-8 mm long; Calyx campanulate, 3-4 mm long; Corolla about 9 mm long, flag oblate or nearly kidney-shaped, often slightly skewed, with a concave top. Wing flap is wider than keel flap, and the stem and spike are shorter. The top of the keel flap is bent for nearly half a circle, one of which has a corner bulge in the middle and lower part and a stalk at the base. Ovary linear, style curved, hairy near apex.
Pods are cylindrical, 5-8 cm long and 5-6 mm wide, spreading or recurved, glabrous; Seeds are usually dark red or other colors, rectangular, 5-6 mm long and 4-5 mm wide, truncated at both ends or nearly round, and the hilum is not depressed. It blooms in summer and bears -65438+ 10 in September.
Red beans like temperature, light and waterlogging. The whole growth period should be above 10℃, and the effective accumulated temperature should be 20-25℃. Generally, germination and emergence begin above 8- 12℃. Red beans are sensitive to light. Early sowing prolongs the growth period and does not mature early. Therefore, the introduction from high latitude to low latitude will be premature, while the introduction from low latitude to high latitude will prolong the maturity. The growth length of red beans varies from variety to variety. The shortest growth period can be 60-90 days; The growth period is 80- 120 days. Red beans need water most before and after flowering, and it is easy to drop flowers and pods when they encounter high temperature and drought during flowering and pod setting. Too wet, plants tend to lodging. In the stage of grain bulging and maturity, sunny days are beneficial to photosynthesis and increase grain weight. Red beans grow best in loose soil rich in humus. Red beans planted in the sand are red and shiny. Red beans planted in loam, deep red and dark red. Adzuki bean has strong adaptability to soil and can grow in slightly acidic and slightly alkaline soil. ? [5]?
Sowing mode
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Adzuki bean is an annual leguminous crop, so it is advisable to choose gramineous crops such as wheat, corn and sorghum in the previous crop to avoid multiple cropping with leguminous crops, so as to avoid infection with pests and diseases and reduce production. Like soybeans, the rotation mode should be three-zone rotation or four-zone rotation: wheat, jade and beans (red beans); Wheat, wheat and beans (red beans); Wheat, miscellaneous and beans (red beans); Wheat, wheat, jade and beans (red beans). We should choose barren stubble instead of fertilizer stubble. It can be intercropped with tall crops such as corn, sorghum and sunflower, which can make full use of land and light energy and obtain high economic benefits. It can also be planted in fields, fields and trees. Monocropping, intercropping and interplanting of red beans. Because shade tolerance is mostly intercropping and interplanting, single cropping is rare. The main forms are:
Red beans are interplanted with spring corn, sorghum and millet. The interplanting rate of spring corn and adzuki bean is 1: 1 or 2:2. Generally, after corn seedlings are fixed, red beans are interplanted between rows of corn.
Red beans are mixed with summer corn and summer grain. When sowing summer corn or millet, red beans should be planted at the same time. When fixing seedlings, pay attention to leave a certain number of red bean seedlings between corn plants.
Intercropping cotton with red beans. After the emergence of cotton in spring, sow a row of red beans in the hole of Dahang, and choose small and early-maturing varieties of red beans. This intercropping method is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission at the lower part of cotton, and can reduce the shedding of buds and bolls and peach blossom. Sometimes red beans are replanted on plots where cotton, peanuts, sweet potatoes and other crops lack seedlings.
Spring bud interplanting with red beans. 5-6 red beans are planted on each gully pier in the sweet potato field. Red beans mature early, and are at the peak of the secondary expansion of sweet potato roots at the time of harvest, which does not affect the yield of sweet potatoes and also harvests dozens of kilograms of red beans.
Red beans need more nitrogen fertilizer. Although rhizobia can fix nitrogen, the application of farm manure can significantly increase the yield, especially the appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. If base fertilizer is not applied, topdressing available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer 5-6 days before flowering in the growth period of red beans can promote the increase of flowers and pods and prevent pod dropping. ? [5]?
operate
In order to promote the root system development of adzuki bean at seedling stage, more intertillage should be used to loosen the soil, which is also beneficial to the growth of nodules. When it grows vigorously after flowering, it can be properly topped to remove invalid flower branches, so that nutrients are concentrated in the pod and the seeds are full. Before and after flowering, it is the period when red beans need water most. At this time, lack of water will cause a large number of flowers and pods to fall off. Therefore, water in time in case of drought. Prevention and control of aphids and red spiders in the early growth stage of red beans, prevention and control of stem borers and pod eating in the middle and late growth stage. Control of mung bean weevil during storage. Insect control at a high temperature of 50℃ before storage; Drug fumigation; Hypoxia preservation and other measures. ? [5]?
shop
Spread the red beans without sundries, put them into plastic bags in units of 3-5 kg, add some chopped dried peppers, and seal them. Put the sealed plastic bag in a dry and ventilated place. This method can prevent moisture, mildew and insects, and can keep red beans 1 year. You can also soak red beans in boiling water for more than ten minutes, then take them out to dry and put them in a jar for storage, which can be stored for a long time without insects. Put two or three cloves of garlic in a container or bag filled with red beans, which can be kept from being eaten by insects for 2-3 years.
Red beans mainly contain nutrients such as protein and sugar. Seeds can be eaten, cooked in porridge or made into bean paste. Dry beans contain protein 2 1-23%, fat 0.3% and carbohydrate 65%.
Nutritional components: Every100g of red beans contains protein 21.7g, fat 0.8g, sugar 60.7g, crude fiber 4.9g, calcium 76mg, phosphorus 386mg, iron 45mg, thiamine 0.43mg, riboflavin 0.16mg and nicotinic acid 2.
Lysine: The content of lysine in amino acids is high.
Others: Red beans also contain three kinds of crystalline saponins.
Winter melon and red bean soup
Buds formed in the axils of branched leaves are called axillary buds, which can blossom and bear fruit in the next year. The flower bud differentiation of most apple varieties began in early June and ended before winter. The whole process is divided into three stages: physiological differentiation, morphological differentiation and sexual cell maturation. The flower buds are mixed buds and the inflorescences are corymbose cymes. 5-7 flowers per inflorescence.
bloom and bear fruit—yield positive results
Flowering: The flowering period of apples varies greatly due to different climates. Usually from April to May,
There are 3 ~ 7 flowers in each bud, and the central flower blooms first. Apple is a cross-pollinated plant, and most varieties cannot bear fruit by themselves. The proportion of various fruiting branches varies with the age and species of trees. Usually, young trees have more long fruit branches and middle fruit branches. With the increase of tree age, the proportion of short fruit branches increased rapidly, reaching more than 70% in the full fruit period, and almost all of them were short fruit branches in the aging period. From the variety point of view, Jin Shuai and other varieties have more long fruit branches and medium fruit branches, and varieties such as Starkrimson and Red Fuji have a large proportion of short fruit branches, and varieties such as Liaofu are easy to form axillary buds.
Fruit setting: the normal fruit of apple, each fruit has 5 ventricles, and each ventricle has 2 seeds. During fruit development, seeds secrete hormones to stimulate pulp growth, so pollination is good, seeds are full and full, fruit shape is correct, and pulp is full; On the other hand, on the side with poor seed development or no seed, the pulp becomes thin and deformed, so pollination trees must be arranged to improve the pollination effect. [ 1]
Fruit quality
Apple fruit is a fake fruit developed from ovary and receptacle, in which ovary develops into heart, receptacle develops into meat and embryo develops into seed. The volume expansion of fruit depends on the increase of the number of rapidly dividing cells in the early stage and the volume expansion of cells in the later stage.
The volume expansion of fruit is faster in the middle period to before ripening, slower in the early and late period, and the fruit weight increases fastest in the month before ripening. The length of fruit development period is generally 65 ~ 87 days for early-maturing varieties, 90 ~ 133 days for middle-maturing varieties and 137 ~ 168 days for late-maturing varieties. Fruit color is an important indicator of commodities. The quality of apple coloring is closely related to the accumulation of sugar, the coordination of mineral elements, environmental conditions, and the types and contents of hormones.
Controlling application of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing application of potassium fertilizer, reducing chlorophyll in peel, improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, improving sunshine, good drainage, reducing air humidity and spraying NAA and 2.4-D hormone can all promote apple coloring.
From the appearance of buds to the harvest of fruits, apples usually have four flowers and fruits. The first time in the final flowering period, the pedicel falls off with withering, which is usually called falling flower. The second time, about a week after flower dropping, the ovary is slightly enlarged and lasts for 5 ~ 20 days, which is called early fruit dropping. 7 ~ 14 days after the third and second fruit drop, the fruit has reached the size of thumb nail, which has a great influence on the yield, so it is called physiological fruit drop. Yunnan usually occurs in May, and the phenology in the north is later than that in Yunnan, which occurs in June, so it is called "June fruit drop".
The fourth time, before the fruit is harvested, the mature or nearly mature fruit is dropped, so it is called pre-harvest fruit drop. The first and second falling flowers and fruits are mainly caused by insufficient nutrition and poor pollination and fertilization. The third fruit drop is caused by the fierce competition for nutrients among fruits and the lack of auxin in embryos. Because the osmotic pressure of leaves is greater than that of young fruits, the power to compete for nutrients is stronger than that of young fruits. Therefore, in addition to pinching and pruning branches to inhibit the growth of new shoots, it is necessary to apply huafei to supplement nutrients in time. [ 1]
Fruit development
Apple peel color can be divided into background color and surface color. When the fruit is immature, the background color of the peel is generally dark green, and there are three situations when the fruit is mature:
1. Green fades or even disappears completely, and the background color is red.
2. Green will not fade completely, resulting in yellow-green or yellow-green background color.
3. Green doesn't fade at all, it is still dark green.
When the fruit is ripe, the surface color of the peel is generally red, green and Huang San, and there are other colors, but they are rare.
The main pigments that determine the color of fruits are chlorophyll, carotene, anthocyanins and flavonoids. Anthocyanin is an extremely unstable water-soluble pigment, which mainly exists in cell fluid or cytoplasm. It is red at low pH, lavender at neutral and blue at alkaline. When it is combined with different metal ions, it will also show various colors, so fruits can show various complex colors.
Factors affecting the formation of anthocyanins
In addition to the heredity of varieties, the sugar content in fruits is the main factor affecting the formation of anthocyanins in apples. Anthocyanins are proanthocyanidins formed when pentose breathes violently. In addition, anthocyanins often combine with sugar to form anthocyanins in fruits. Therefore, the development of anthocyanins is closely related to the sugar content. Any factors that affect the synthesis and accumulation of sugar will affect the development of anthocyanins. Higher tree nutrition level, reasonable load, suitable ratio of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen fertilizer and proper water control are all beneficial to the red development of fruit.
The effect of temperature on coloring is also related to the accumulation of sugar. When the temperature of mid-late mature apple varieties is above 20℃ at night, it is not conducive to coloring.
The firmness of pulp is also one of the important indexes of fruit quality. The hardness of pulp not only affects the taste of fresh food, but also relates to the storage and processing characteristics of fruit. The hardness of apple pulp is closely related to the cellulose content in the cell wall, the kind and quantity of pectin in the glue layer in the cell wall and the swelling pressure of pulp cells. [ 1]
Apple tree is a temperate fruit tree that likes low temperature and dryness. It requires no cold in winter and no heat in summer. The suitable temperature range is the annual average temperature of 9 ~ 14℃, the extreme low temperature in winter is not lower than-12℃, the highest monthly average temperature in summer is not higher than 20℃, the annual accumulated temperature is ≥ 10℃, and the average temperature in the growing season (April ~ 10) is about 5000℃. It is generally believed that apples can be planted in areas where the annual average temperature is 7.5 ~ 14℃. The natural dormancy period of apples is very long. If the temperature in winter is too high to reach the low temperature required for winter dormancy, the germination in spring will be uneven.
Judging from the areas with the most apples in the world, the average temperature in Leng Yue in winter (65438+ 10 in the northern hemisphere and July in the southern hemisphere) is between-10 ~ 10℃, which can meet the requirements of low temperature for apples. The average temperature of the main apple producing areas in China 1 month is within this range. The average temperature 12 ~ 18℃ in the growing period (4 ~ 65438+ 10 month) and 18 ~ 24℃ in the summer (June ~ August) are the most suitable for apple growth. In autumn, the temperature is high during the day and low at night, and the fruit has high sugar content, good coloring, thick peel, more fruit powder and storage resistance. [ 1]
deposit
The precipitation per mu during the apple growing period is about 180mm. Generally, natural precipitation can actually be absorbed by fruit trees, which is about 1/3, so it is enough to have a precipitation of 540 mm during the growing period. Areas with rainfall below 450 mm from April to September need irrigation. The distribution of precipitation in northern China is uneven, with 70-80% concentrated in July and August, and the amount of water is insufficient in spring. There is little precipitation and water shortage in inland areas, so irrigation conditions and soil and water conservation measures must be considered when building gardens and selecting land, and drainage measures should also be paid attention to in rainy season.
1. Young trees should be pruned according to the principle of "giving priority to lightness, paying equal attention to modeling and results, and promoting early yield increase". (1) 2-4-year-old young trees, under the premise of arranging backbone branches, the key point of pruning is to clean up a layer of tightly squeezed branches and straighten the tree shape. According to the planting density, the small crown sparse layer shape (less than 80 plants per mu) and free spinning cocoon shape (more than 80 plants per mu) can be popularized. Small crown and sparse layer shape: select 3-4 main branches in the first layer, clean up the dense branches that affect the growth of the main branches after selection, and clean up 1-2 branches every year, and strive to clean them up in 2 years. Free-spinning reeling shape: 3-4 small main branches are selected every year, and the spacing between the main branches is about 20 cm, and the branches that are too dense are properly loosened. (2) 5-8-year-old young trees have entered the fruiting stage, and the key point of pruning is to clean up the dense branches between layers, improve the lighting conditions of the trees, and make the fruiting parts gradually transition to the backbone branches. Clean up 2-3 crowded places every year, and strive to clean them up in 3 years. After several years of adjustment and cleaning, five main branches, 1-2 auxiliary branches and 10- 13 main branches were preserved in the sparse layer of small crown.
2. Pruning of adult trees The purpose of pruning of adult trees is to "improve the illumination, improve the quality of branches, stabilize the quality and increase the yield". The key point of pruning is to remove two layers of excessively dense large auxiliary branches, large lateral branches and large branches in batches, so that the large branches remaining in two or more layers extend outward as much as possible in a whip shape, and the total branches account for less than 20% of the total branches of the whole tree, which is beneficial to the illumination in the inner room of the first floor. If the crown of the tree is on the high side, it is necessary to gradually bow your head and be happy by the strength of the tree, and the height of the tree should be controlled below 3.5 meters; If the crown has crossed, the densely packed branches should be drained or transformed into small branches, and the branches should be shortened to slow down the outside and promote the inside, or the direction and angle of the main branches should be changed by changing the main branches, so that the crown distance should be kept at about 1 m to improve the lighting conditions of the population and individuals.
Second, cut off the diseased branches and insect branches. According to the survey, many diseases and insect pests that harm apples overwinter on the branches. For the diseases and pests that overwinter in trees, combining with winter shears, all branches of diseases and pests are cut off, burned or buried deeply, which can obviously reduce the harm in the coming year.
Third, scraping the rough old bark In the gap between the rough old bark and trunk of fruit trees, there are often a large number of overwintering bacteria and pests. Scraping rough old bark, burning or burying it deeply has a good control effect on many kinds of pests and diseases, and sometimes even completely eliminates some pests.
Apple is a beauty product, which can not only lose weight, but also make the skin smooth and tender. Apple is a low-calorie food, every 10.
0 g only produces 60 kilocalories; The nutrients in apples are very soluble.
Under suitable temperature conditions, it can be transformed into leaf buds. The apical tissue of vigorous branches can also germinate flower buds under appropriate conditions.
The flower is white, with a huge ovary below. It is about 30 cm long, so it is also called Lady Enforcers. Calyx tubular, about 3 cm wide, with green (sometimes lavender) lobes; With scales 3-8 cm long; Petals are wide, pure white, erect, oblanceolate and entire. Stamens are numerous and slender, up to 700-960, as long as or short as the style. Anthers are milky yellow and filaments are white; Style thick, 0.7-0.8 cm, milky yellow; There are as many as 24 pistil stigma lobes.
The fruit is oblong or ovoid, the peel is red, fleshy, with oval sharp scales at the top, long10-12cm, thick and waxy. The pulp is white or red. There are nearly ten thousand sesame seeds with fragrance, so it is called sesame fruit. ? [ 1]?
Pitaya is named because it looks like an angry red fireball. The pulp inside is like sweet cream, but it is covered with small black seeds. Mild texture and fragrant taste.
Pitaya is a tropical and subtropical fruit, which likes light, shade, heat, drought, fat and barren. It grows rapidly in a warm, humid and sunny environment. When cultivating in the open field in spring and summer, water more to keep the root system growing vigorously. Drainage should be carried out in time in rainy weather to avoid stem rot caused by infection with germs. Its stems can also grow on rocks, and this plant is very wind-resistant. As long as the support is firm, it can resist typhoon.
Pitaya can tolerate low temperature of 0℃ and high temperature of 40℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 25-35℃. Pitaya can adapt to a variety of soils, but neutral soil and weak acid soil with high humus content and water and fertilizer conservation are the best.