Because of the development of operating room instruments, the increase of new surgical techniques and the upgrading of the core concept of minimally invasive surgery, especially in digestive tract surgery, the blood flow during the operation is greatly reduced. At present, the blood flow of gastric cancer eradication surgery can be less than 5ml, and colorectal cancer surgery, especially laparoscopic surgery, can be done without blood. However, there are still various factors and conditions that lead to intraoperative bleeding, and sometimes there will be dangerous internal bleeding, which requires a variety of hemostasis methods and skills and work experience. In important cases, bleeding can be controlled immediately and patients' lives can be saved.

The common tourniquet used in hand and foot trauma surgery is standard pneumatic tourniquet, which is mainly used in hands and feet, and can temporarily block blood supply, significantly reduce bleeding of surgical trauma, and at the same time help to distinguish tissue structure and ensure the accurate operation. Improper operation of tourniquet to stop bleeding will also lead to potential safety hazards: long-term skin compression damage, nerve compression ischemia and hypoxia leading to numbness of limbs, and in addition, tourniquet will continue to stop bleeding and pain after limb increase.

Electrocoagulation hemostasis is mainly applied to the hemostasis of small blood vessels. It uses high-frequency and high-voltage current caused by the tip of electrotome to heat the tissue when it comes into contact with human body, so as to coagulate the vascular tissue of human body and achieve the goal of hemostasis. It is effective for small blood vessels, but it is ineffective for bleeding of large blood vessels.

clamp the blood vessels with surgical forceps to stop bleeding. If the blood vessels are thick and cannot be stopped by electrocoagulation during the operation, usually clamp the blood vessels immediately, like clamping a rubber breast tube, and then tie the blood vessels with surgical suture to achieve the goal of stopping bleeding. Clamp hemostasis is the earliest, most classic and most widely used hemostasis method.

hemostatic powder and hemostatic sponge are commonly used in clinical medicine to stop bleeding, which are mainly aimed at the slow bleeding of wound surface. Although the bleeding speed is very slow, it will produce a lot after a long time, which will continue to form bloody cavities and increase the hidden danger of bacterial infection. Hemostatic powder can be applied to this kind of wound bleeding, and the hemostatic effect is very good. With the further development of medical technology and the emergence of surgical robots, accurate surgery will reduce bleeding, reduce the damage caused by surgery, and further protect the safety and health of patients.