Brief introduction of plants
Chinese name: Aralia elata
Minnan (Guangdong)
Latin name of species: Araucaria cunninghamii II, sweet alias: Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cunninghamia microphylla and Cunninghamia Chinese name: Cunninghamia Chinese name: Cunninghamia Chinese name: Cunninghamia lanceolata Corradin name: Cunninghamia lanceolata [1] Edit this paragraph.
Aralia elata is tall and graceful, and is one of the five largest park trees in the world. As a landscape tree or a memorial tree, or as a street tree, it is most suitable for planting alone. However, it is advisable to choose a place where there is no strong wind to avoid crown deflection. Aralia elata is a precious indoor potted ornamental tree species. Aralia elata is a beautiful landscape tree, which can be planted alone, in rows or with trees. It can also be used as a background tree for large sculptures or scenic buildings. Aralia elata is also a precious indoor potted ornamental tree species, which is very elegant for the decoration of the hall environment. Edit the morphological characteristics of this paragraph
Aralia elata-trunk in Liaodong
Trees, which are as high as 60 ~ 70 meters in origin, with DBH exceeding 65,438 0 meters, with grayish brown or dark gray bark, thick and transverse cracks; The big branches are flat or obliquely extended, the young crown is spire-shaped, the old crown is flat-topped, and the side branches are dense, drooping and nearly feathered. Type Ⅱ: Young leaves and lateral branches are loosely arranged, spreading, conical, needle-shaped, sickle-shaped or triangular, 7 ~ 17 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at the base, slightly curved, slightly quadrangular or inconspicuous on the upper (ventral) surface, with many stomatal lines on it, irregular or nearly no stomatal lines on the lower surface, tapering at the upper part and tapering at the top. The leaves on the big branches and flower branches are closely arranged and overlapped, extending obliquely upwards and slightly curved upwards, oval, triangular oval or triangular, with no obvious back or longitudinal ridge below, and the length is 6 ~ 10 mm. The cone is ovoid or ovoid, with a length of 6 ~ 10 cm and a width of about 4 cm. The base is wide, the upper part is narrow or slightly rounded, the top is sharp or blunt, the midvein is obvious or not obvious, the top is gray-green, with white powder and many stomatal lines, the bottom is green, and only the middle and lower parts have irregular air-diffusing stomatal lines. Male cones are solitary and cylindrical. The cone is ovoid or ovoid, with a length of 6 ~ 10 cm and a diameter of 4.5 ~ 7.5 cm. Bract scales are wedge-shaped and obovate, with thin wings on both sides, broad apex, sharp ridge tip, long tail-shaped tip in the center, and the tip is obviously bent backwards; The apex of Shezhuang heavy forest is thin but not thick; The seeds are oval with membranous wings on both sides. [1] Edit the origin distribution of this part.
Originated in the southeast coastal area of Oceania. Guangzhou, Hainan Island, Xiamen and other places in China are cultivated as garden trees, which grow rapidly and have blossomed and borne fruit. There are potted plants north of the Yangtze River. [1] Edit the growth habits in this section.
araucaria
I like warm climate, fresh and humid air, soft and sufficient light, not cold-resistant, and avoid drought. I need plenty of sunshine in winter and avoid strong light in summer. I'm afraid of the dry wind in northern spring and the scorching sun in midsummer. It grows best at the temperature of 25℃-30℃ and the relative humidity above 70%. Potting requires loose and fertile culture soil, high humus content and strong drainage and air permeability. [2] Edit cultivation management in this section
Sowing propagation
Before sowing, it is best to break the seed coat to promote germination. Seeding seedlings have long straight roots and few fibrous roots, which is easy to cause seedling death when transplanting. Pay special attention to root protection, intensive cultivation, heat preservation and shade.
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Technical points can improve the survival rate of seedlings. Rooting seedlings can be washed with clean water and inserted into plain sand, and can be rooted again from the cross section at the appropriate temperature of 1 ~ 2 weeks. Seedlings with broken buds, stems and leaves can be planted as usual, and new buds will sprout after a certain period of survival. [3] Cutting propagation
Cutting propagation is easy and widely used. Cuttings are usually carried out in spring and summer, but the main branches should be selected as cuttings, and the plants growing with side branches as cuttings are skewed and not straight. The cutting length is 10 ~ 15cm, and it can take root in about 4 months under the conditions of 18℃~ 25℃ and high air humidity. If the base of cuttings is soaked with 200 ppm indolebutyric acid (IBA) for 5 hours before cutting, its early rooting can be promoted. In order to get more main branches as cuttings, young trees can be cut off, making many upright new buds from the top and cut off as cuttings in spring. After cutting the top, the mother plant can continue to grow terminal buds, which can be used for the permanent reproduction of the mother plant. The soil for potted Phoebe bournei should be composed of 40% peat soil, 40% humus soil and 20% river sand. The basin soil should be kept moist during the growing period. If it is too dry, the lower leaves will droop, but it should be kept slightly dry in winter. The room temperature should be kept above 5% in winter, and the low temperature will freeze the growing point to death. [3] Key points of seedling transplantation technology
Phoebe bournei likes warm and humid, tolerant to shade and not cold. Seeded seedlings have long straight roots and few fibrous roots. Seedlings are easy to die after transplantation. In order to improve the survival rate of Populus davidiana seedlings, the following technical points should be paid attention to. First, root protection Because the lateral roots of Phoebe bournei seedlings are scarce and the hair roots are thin, they will shrink and dry up if they are not paid attention to. Therefore, it is very important to protect the roots of seedlings. First of all, it should be transported with soil in pots, and the original culture soil should be kept moist. Secondly, the seedlings should be planted immediately after they are bought back. If it is too late to plant them, they should be placed in a cool and humid place and not exposed to the sun to protect the seedlings, especially the roots. In addition, when the temperature is low in winter, the root system is vulnerable to freezing during transportation, so attention should be paid to heat preservation. Second, try to bring the original soil when planting seedlings. The planting soil should be loose and fine, and the root soil should not be too hard. After planting, you should pour enough water. In addition, the planted seedlings of Phoebe bournei have long and straight roots, so they should be planted deeply to avoid exposure and lodging, which will affect their survival. Third, the heat preservation of Phoebe bournei is not cold-resistant. If you buy seedlings in winter or early spring, you should pay attention to antifreeze during transportation and take heat preservation measures after planting, such as planting in a greenhouse or covering them with plastic film arches. 4. Shading Populus davidiana is a kind of shade-tolerant flower, and its seedlings are more afraid of sun exposure, so it should be shaded immediately after planting. 5. The damaged seedlings are tender and easy to be damaged, and the following measures can be taken to remedy them. Rooted seedlings can be washed with clean water and then inserted into ordinary sand. After 1-2 weeks at suitable temperature, it can be re-rooted from the cross section and planted after the root system is developed. For seedlings with broken buds, stems and leaves, they can be fixed as usual, and new buds will germinate after a certain period of survival. [4] bonsai production
The production process of Minnan bonsai is not complicated. Its growth habits, like light, like humid climate and acidic fertile soil. Prepare the culture soil before putting the pot, and then choose the purple sand oval ceramic pot according to the size of the tree. In terms of material selection, seedlings are better. Generally, seedlings of about 50 cm are used.
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Long and stout, short internodes, dark green color is the top grade. When starting to put the basin, first lift the clay basin out, and peel off the appropriate soil from bottom to top, taking care not to damage the water-absorbing roots. Then cover the bottom of the pot with 1-2 cm thick culture soil, and after determining the viewing surface, put the tree blank at one end of the pot, straighten the plants, then put the culture soil on it, gently compact it, and then shape the upper part. The upper part of nanmu is difficult to shape. From bottom to top, each layer of proofreading is four to five whorled branches. First cut off the whorled branches at the bottom, then cut off the upper and lower branches from the left side of the tree, then cut off one branch before and after, and then climb the upper branches slightly to make the branches look natural and orderly. Because the thickness of the trunk base of Phoebe bournei seedlings is similar, wrap the trunk into a tree with a thick bottom and a thin top with prepared brown slices, and then tie it gently with twine twisted with brown silk, not too tight. In this way, the base of the trunk is thick and thick, forming a crown. There are no protruding roots at the root disk at the base, so it is necessary to add a few purple-brown curved roots on it to protrude the soil surface to show stability, which solves the disadvantage that bonsai trees have no roots as cuttings. Finally, with a small brown elephant stone, it is more interesting in the southern scenery. In this way, a lush and beautiful bonsai of Phoebe bournei is displayed in front of us. After the above work is completed, water the foot root and maintain it in the shade for half a month, then it can be transferred to routine management. In order to make the leaves grow vigorously, the mixed solution of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and excrement is sprayed on the leaves once a month in summer and autumn to keep the leaves dark green. [5] pot management
Water the soil in time after planting to reduce water evaporation. Water moderately at ordinary times, and water frequently during the growing period, 2 ~ 3 times a week, and the infiltration depth is 10 ~ 15 cm. With the growth of seedlings, the number of watering is reduced, and the soil and surrounding environment are often kept moist to prevent drought and flood. In the hot and dry season, we should often spray water or spray the leaves and the surrounding environment to increase the air humidity and keep the soil moist. Avoid too dry soil in summer and too much water in winter. Too dry or too wet can easily cause the lower leaves to droop. Avoid strong light in summer, put it in the shade of the shed, and sprinkle water frequently to keep the air high humidity. The beauty of plastic pipes lies in the tall and straight posture of plants. In the second year of cutting seedlings, or when the seedlings grow to about 50 cm, they should be supported by vertical sticks to prevent the plants from distorting and affecting the ornamental effect. Young trees should turn pots 1 time every year or the next spring, and plants over five years old should turn pots 1 time every two or three years, and combined with spraying chlormequat chloride, the height of Phoebe bournei should be controlled. In the northern area, leave the room at the end of April or early May to avoid the wind and keep it in a sunny place. Proper shade should be provided in midsummer, and pots should be turned in time during the growing period to prevent trees from growing askew and affecting viewing. Phoebe bournei is cold-tolerant, and the northern area should be moved indoors at the end of September or the beginning of 10 (cold dew), with sufficient sunshine, ventilation, no fertilization and no water control, and the room temperature should not be lower than 8℃. Humus soil, peat soil, pure river sand and a small amount of decomposed organic fertilizer should be used for potted Taxodium ascendens. Potted soil should be mixed with 3 parts loam, 1 humus, 1 coarse sand and a small amount of plant ash, and the depth of the soil layer depends on the bud point where the upper roots are just exposed on the soil surface. Because new buds germinate in spring, topdressing with decomposed rare organic liquid fertilizer and calcium fertilizer 1 ~ 2 times a month can keep plants fresh and leaves moist. [6] Monthly management
65438+ 10 month: winter protection should be done, the room temperature should be above 10℃, watering should be controlled, fertilization should be stopped, and sufficient light should be given. February: Same as last month. March: When the weather gets warmer, properly increase watering and fertilization, and do a good job in indoor ventilation. Usually pay attention to protect the lateral branches to avoid damage and affect the plant shape. Under normal circumstances,
araucaria
Then there is no need for plastic surgery, let it grow naturally. April: Change the basin every 2-3 years. Pot soil can be made of peat soil, humus soil, river sand around 1/4 and a small amount of base fertilizer. May: You can move outdoors to block 50%-70% of the sunshine. In the growing period, besides watering, water should also be sprayed on the leaves and the ground to reduce the ground temperature and increase the air humidity. In the growing period, topdressing 1-2 times a month. In order to maintain a good plant shape, we should pay attention to rotating the pot position frequently to make it receive light evenly and keep the plant shape straight. June: Cutting propagation, you must use terminal buds, not side branches, because the seedlings cut by side branches can not stand upright, but can only grow horizontally. The cuttings are about 65,438+0.5 cm long and inserted into a bed made of coarse sand or vermiculite. About 65,438+0/3-65,438+0/2 cuttings enter the bed and can take root after 4-6 months at 20-25℃ and high air humidity. July: Same as last month. August: Same as last month. September: The weather turns cold, watering and fertilization are controlled, and the light is sufficient. In order to prevent plants from growing and bending, insert a thin bamboo pole next to the seedlings to support them, which can ensure that the plants are tall and beautiful. June 5438+ 10: Indoor activities, control watering, stop fertilization and increase illumination. In order to prevent the crown from being skewed, the basin should be rotated once every half month. 165438+1October: Do a good job of heat preservation in winter. Just keep the soil moist. Turn the basin once every half month. 65438+February: same as last month. [7] The purpose of editing this paragraph.
Ornamental value
Araucaria mandshurica is one of the most famous garden trees in the world. The tree is pointed, with lush foliage and triangular or oval leaves. It can be planted in rows, alone or together with trees, and can also be used as a background tree for sculptures or landscape buildings. It can also be used as a street tree, but it is advisable to choose a place without strong wind to avoid crown deflection. Potted seedlings are suitable for the decoration of living room, corridor and study in general families; It can also be used to arrange various forms of venues and exhibition halls; It can also be used as a gift for relatives and friends to start business and move. [8] Wood value
Aralia elata is an important timber tree species in Australia and South Africa, which can be used in buildings, appliances and furniture. [1] Edit pest control in this section.
anthrax
Symptoms: onset on leaves. Small brown spots first appeared on the leaves, and then spread, causing local branches and leaves to brown and die. Pathogen: control method of anthrax: 1. Clean the site, remove the sick and disabled in time, take it out of the site and burn it or bury it deeply. 2. Spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 700 times or more at the initial stage of onset. Sulfur suspension for 600 times, every 7- 10 day 1 time, continuously controlled for 3-4 times. [9] Leaf blight
Symptoms: Some or all of the injured needles become grayish brown to grayish white and dry, and are covered with small black particles. Pathogen and disease characteristics: the pathogen is a Hemiptera fungus, mainly Phomophilum pseudostemon. And pholiota adiposa. And diploid species. All pathogenic bacteria overwinter with mycelium and fruiting body in diseased leaves and diseased residues. Conidia produce are infected by wind and rain. Warm and rainy years and seasons are more common. Control method: refer to the control of leaf blight of Podocarpus. You can also spray 600 times of 40% polysulfide colloidal suspension, 600 times of 30% copper oxychloride colloidal suspension, 8,000 times of 25% myclobutanil EC, 8,000 times of 40% flusilazole EC, 1500 times of 50% methylhydroxylamine aqueous solution, or 69% acesulfame +75% chlorothalonil. In the garden with frequent diseases, it is better to spray the medicine once on the ground and trees in combination with garden cleaning in winter and spring. [10] scale insects
It can be controlled by 40% omethoate 1000 ~ 1500 times. [2] Edit the cultivation points of this section
The causes of yellowing of Aralia elata leaves are as follows: 1. If the light is too weak, Aralia elata will grow well in a good place. Under the weak light for a long time, the leaves will turn yellow and fall off, so they need to be gradually moved to the light, otherwise the plant will further aggravate the disease. 2. There is too much water. The watering principle of nanmu is both wet and dry. Don't water it too much or too often. Don't water the basin if the soil is not dry. Otherwise, in the absence of oxygen, the roots will rot, it is difficult to absorb water and nutrients, and plants will have uncomfortable symptoms. 3. Hazards of low temperature or high temperature. (it is generally impossible now. When the temperature is lower than 5℃, the leaves of Aralia elata will turn yellow and fall off a little. In the high temperature period, if the air humidity is low now, a large number of yellow leaves will appear. 4. If the air humidity is too low or the wind is too strong, it is necessary to put it in the breeze or spray water frequently to improve the air humidity. 5. Generally, carbendazim and chlorothalonil are sprayed to prevent the spread of diseases. Pest control: excessive soil moisture is prone to branch blight, canker and nodule disease. Use 500 times solution of 65% zineb to disinfect branch blight, use 40% thiram 100 times solution to disinfect ulcer, and use streptomycin 1000 times solution to soak root nodules. Insects do great harm to scale insects, spraying 50% omethoate 1000 times. Edit the variety classification of this paragraph.
Variety: silver-gray Phoebe bournei, with silver-gray leaves. Firs droop and branches droop. Chilean Aralia elata, also known as South American fir. It is 30 ~ 50m high, with lanceolate leaves, and the top is bent. It is densely planted on the upper part of the main branch, covered with tiles, and 5cm long, and the upper leaves of the lateral branches are 2.5cm long. The smooth surface is dark green, similar to cedar. The cones are erect, spherical or oval. Araucaria tenuifolia, also known as Araucaria (Guangdong), Araucaria heterophylla and Araucaria Norfolk. The blade is drill-shaped, slightly flat on both sides, 7 ~ 18 mm long and sharp at the end. The cone is nearly spherical. The tips of bract scales bend upward. Araucaria macrophylla, also known as Taxodium ascendens (Guangdong), Araucaria spinosa (Fuzhou), Araucaria macrophylla and Araucaria verticillata. Trees up to 50 meters high. The leaves are ovate-lanceolate and 18 ~ 35mm long. The fruit is spherical, the top of bract scales is triangular, and the top is bent backward. The top of the seed is hypertrophy, bare and wingless on both sides. Edit the introduction of the family and genus to which this paragraph belongs.
Chinese name: Araliaceae Pinyin name: Araliaceae Corradin name: Araliaceae Description: Araliaceae, gymnosperms, 2 genera, about 40 species, mainly produced in tropical and subtropical regions of the southern hemisphere. Aralia elata and Agathis2, 2 genera and 4 species have been introduced and cultivated in China. Evergreen tree; Leaves conical, scaly, broadly ovate or lanceolate, spirally arranged or cross-opposite; Cones are dioecious and rare; Male cones are cylindrical with many stamens, each stamen has 4-20 hanging anthers arranged in two rows, and the pollen has no air sac; The female cone flower is oval or nearly spherical, and consists of many spiral bract scales with a pearl-like scale (cotyledon of big bract). Ovules are connate with nucellar scales or nucellar scales are underdeveloped, and ovules are free; When cones mature, bract scales are woody or leathery; The seeds are flat and wingless or winged on both sides or at the top, with 2 cotyledons and 4 sparse cotyledons. Flora of China: All genera: Agathis ... Aralia ... Aralia.