Ophthalmologists point out that the correct treatment of ocular trauma is related to whether the eyeball can be preserved and whether some visual functions can be restored. If it is not handled properly, it will leave a lifelong disability. The initial first aid should be quick and accurate, and different treatments should be made according to different injuries.
Xi Ma Xiao is one of the seven common eye injuries in popular science. I hope to encounter unexpected eye injuries in the future, and don't handle them indiscriminately!
Eyelid trauma
Eyelid skin is the thinnest skin of human body. Eyelid edema and subcutaneous hemorrhage often occur after eyelid contusion. In severe contusion, full-thickness skin laceration of eyelid may occur, such as upper and lower eyelid injury near nose, which may cause lacrimal canaliculus rupture.
Common misconception: the injured refused to sew up the wound because they were worried that they would leave skin scars. In fact, whether the skin has scars depends largely on the individual's repair ability and physique. Good debridement and suture can promote wound healing and reduce the chance of infection. Even if there is a scar, it can be small and neat.
Treatment: the injured person should cover the wound with clean auxiliary materials, apply a little pressure to stop bleeding, and then go to the hospital to ask a specialist for debridement and suture. If the eyelid contusion is caused by animal bite, the wound should be cleaned immediately and rabies vaccine and tetanus vaccine should be injected as soon as possible.
Foreign bodies and abrasions in conjunctiva and cornea
This kind of eye injury is common when a foreign body enters the eye or the cornea is scratched by a foreign body. For example, when it is windy or working outdoors, foreign objects often enter the eyes, and patients will feel uncomfortable, shed tears, and can't open their eyes.
Common misunderstanding: hot compress immediately. If it is common eyelid congestion or bleeding, it must not be rubbed or hot compress after injury, so as not to aggravate subcutaneous hematoma.
Treatment: once this kind of injury occurs, cold compress should be carried out immediately, about 15 minutes, and the eyes should be braked and rested. If you have emphysema or fracture, don't blow your nose and lie on the pillow. If you find eye bleeding, eyeball swelling and pain, and decreased vision, you should have an eye examination as soon as possible. At the same time, it is suggested to do orbital CT, because this kind of trauma is easy to fracture the orbital wall, and because of edema of eyelid and periorbital tissue in the early stage, even if fracture occurs, eye movement disorder, diplopia and eye position collapse are not obvious, which is easy to miss diagnosis.
Penetrating injury of eyeball
Sharp instruments or foreign bodies pierce the eyeball wall, which is called penetrating injury of eyeball. More commonly, knives, scissors, needles, glass and high-speed flying foreign bodies stab or puncture the eyes, causing obvious pain and sharp decline in vision.
Common misunderstanding: send the contents back to orbit or wash them with water. These two methods will only aggravate injuries or cause infections.
Treatment: Once injured, don't try to take off the wound or wipe the blood scab at the wound. You should immediately gently bandage it with a clean dressing and then take it to the hospital. Professional doctors will perform different surgical treatments according to the injury. If necessary, cover the broken eye with a suitable size, disinfect it with boiling water, wrap it up, and quickly send it to the hospital for rescue. At the same time, the wounded should try to avoid bumping and bow their heads to prevent the eye contents from protruding further.
Fireworks and firecrackers injury
Eye injuries caused by fireworks are also more common, especially among children and young people. From an ophthalmologist's point of view, we hope that the public will stay away from fireworks and firecrackers, and try not to set off fireworks and firecrackers for safety. Since Beijing restricted discharge from hospital, the number of patients with eye explosion injury has been greatly reduced. You have to feel safe. After all, firecrackers are still dangerous goods, and the risk of injury is never zero. Once you are injured, go to the hospital immediately.
Common misconception: Self-dressing a cracked eyeball will cause the contents of the damaged eyeball to come out.
Treatment: Cover the wound with clean gauze or handkerchief, gently cover the injured eye (wound), and rush to the nearby regular hospital as soon as possible.
Although eye trauma is terrible, it is not impossible to prevent it in most cases. Some details in daily life need special attention, such as:
Many patients with corneal foreign bodies are mostly caused by small fragments entering the eyes during construction or workshop work, but if you pay attention to wearing protective glasses at work, you can avoid injury.
Please read the precautions before using cleaning liquid, detergent or chemicals when doing housework, and wash your hands thoroughly after use.
When outdoor activities, try to stay away from pesticides or chemical spraying, and try not to go to places where plants are too lush, so as not to scratch your eyes.
Children should pay special attention: when choosing toys, avoid javelin, bullet gun and other toys that can shoot into the eyes from a distance. Avoid touching toys such as laser pens that will damage macular function, and teach children to use dangerous goods such as scissors or pencils correctly.