Koi fish 1 Common diseases and treatment methods. Oral administration: drugs are mixed into feed to treat malnutrition or bacterial diseases and internal medicine diseases. 2. Medicated bath method: it is mainly to drive away parasites on the body surface and treat bacterial exogenous diseases. 3. Local treatment: treatment of trauma and body surface diseases, and treatment of local trauma. 4. Injection therapy: various bacterial diseases can be injected into muscles or abdominal cavity. 5. Surgical treatment: plastic surgery for injured or deformed fins. Viral disease acne (1) Etiology: It occurs in late autumn and winter when the water temperature is low (about 15 degrees). (2) Symptoms: At the early stage of onset, milky white spots appear on the body surface or caudal fin, and the surface is covered with a thin layer of white mucus, which gradually expands and spreads to the whole body. The damaged skin surface thickens to form large paraffin-like growth. When these growths reach a certain size and thickness, they will automatically fall off, making the water quality worse, and new growths will grow again at the falling parts. The sick fish infected with acne gradually lose weight, swim slowly, have poor appetite, often sink to the bottom and die one after another. (3) Treatment: #0. 1~0。 3MG/KG chloramphenicol solution for a long time. # Inject chloramphenicol into fish at a dose of 25mg per tail. (4) Prevention: Fill the # pond with fresh water, and extract the sediment at the bottom of the pond at any time to improve the water quality. # Strengthen autumn culture and nutrition, so that koi fish will have a certain degree of fatness before winter, and enhance its ability to resist low temperature and disease. # Furacillin 1~2MG/KG sprayed in the whole pool to prevent acne. Fungal dermatomycosis (water mold, white disease): a layer of "white hair" grows on the fish. If not treated in time, when bacteria invade the body, fish will gradually weaken and die. When parasitic in gills, gill mold is formed, which often causes explosive death. (1) Etiology: Dermatomycosis is caused by a kind of filamentous bacteria (Shui Mu, Mianmu, Shuimu), which mostly occurs in pools with a large number of fish or turbid stagnant water. For example, if a fish loses weight or is injured, it is more susceptible to infection, and many cotton-wool hyphae grow in the lesion, so it is also called white disease. Koi fish suffers from dermatomycosis, which is mainly caused by careless fishing and handling, scratching the skin, or parasites damaging the gills and body surface, or frostbite of the skin due to low water temperature, so that myxomycetes spores invade the wound and become infected. When the water temperature is suitable (about 15~25℃), it will grow into dense mycelium in 3~5 days, and a large number of infections will lead to the death of sick fish. Water mold is found all year round, and late autumn and early spring are popular seasons. Fish eggs can be infected from all ages, and when the incubation temperature is low, water mold is easy to occur on fish eggs. (2) Treatment: # Wash with 1.5%~2.5% salt solution, remove hair, then apply 2% mercuric chloride, and then wash the fish with oxytetracycline bath. # Use 0. 1%~ 1% malachite green aqueous solution to smear the wound and the attachment of water mold. # Soak the fish in malachite green water solution of 1: 15000 for 3~5 minutes. # Soak the fish in 10MG/KG potassium permanganate solution for half an hour. (3) Prevention: # Be careful when pulling nets, fishing, transporting and stocking fish, so as not to hurt the fish. # Soak fish eggs 1: 15000 malachite green aqueous solution for 0/5 minutes, once a day 1 time for 3 days, which can prevent fish eggs from getting moldy. # Injured parent fish, apply gentian violet or potassium permanganate to the wound to prevent water mold infection. # 75kg of Acorus calamus, 7.5 ~ 1 5kg of salt and 225 ~ 300kg of human urine are mixed in each hectare of pond, and sprayed all over the pond once a month1time. Bacterial diseases, skin inflammation and hyperemia (1) Etiology: Most of the sick fish are old fish and koi fish, over one year old. Late spring and early autumn are popular seasons, which can cause a large number of fish deaths. It is most popular when the water temperature is 20~30 degrees. When the temperature is below 20 degrees, several sick fish will still die. This temperature range is also the peak season for fish growth, so it is very harmful. When the temperature drops to about 10 degrees, fish diseases no longer occur, and this law can be used to control the temperature of sick fish. (2) Symptoms: the skin is red, swollen and hyperemia, which is more common around the orbit, gill cover, abdomen and tail handle. Sometimes there will be congestion at the root of the fin, and in severe cases, the fin will break. The scales of diseased fish are usually intact and have not fallen off. Sick fish float on the water meter or sink at the bottom of the water, swimming slowly, being slow to respond and having poor appetite. (3) Treatment: # Soak the fish with 20MG/KG furacilin or furazolidone. Soak for 20-30 minutes when the water temperature is below 20 degrees; When the temperature is 2 1~32 degrees, soak it for 10~ 15 minutes for prevention and early treatment. When the concentration of # furacilin or furazolidone is 0.2~0.3MG/KG, it can be increased to 0.5~ 1.2MG/KG for prevention and early treatment. # Soak the fish with erythromycin 2~2.5MG/KG at a water temperature below 34℃ for 30~50 minutes, once a day/kloc-0, for 3~5 consecutive days, until the condition improves. # Inject streptomycin or kanamycin, and then inject 120000 ~ 150000 international units per kilogram of fish. Usually only 1 injection is given, and the patient can get the second injection on the fifth day when he is seriously ill. # Take norfloxacin orally, and take 0.8~ 1.0G powder every 10KG fish once a day for 6 days. # Dip and wash with Rivanol 20MG/KG, when the water temperature is 5~20 degrees, dip and wash 15~30 minutes; Soak at 2 1~32℃ for1~15 minutes. Used for early treatment, the effect is remarkable. The concentration of # rivanol is 0.8~ 1.5MG/KG, which has special effects. # Using the above treatment method and taking salt water bath at the same time, the effect is remarkable. (4) Prevention: # Reasonable close planting, keeping dissolved oxygen in water at about 5 mg/L # Strengthening feeding management to keep water fresh. # Spray furacilin or furazolidone regularly to prevent diseases. Erythroderma (hemorrhagic corruption) (1) Etiology: Erythroderma is caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens, and fish are injured and prone to this disease. Spring and autumn are popular seasons, which will cause a large number of fish deaths. This disease is closely related to water quality, and it is easy to occur when dissolved oxygen is low and organic matter content is high. (2) Symptoms: the skin of the diseased fish is partially or mostly red and swollen or congested, the dorsal fin, caudal fin and other fins are congested at the base, the fin ends are rotten, and the mouth and muscles are normal. Scales of diseased fish fall off (different from skin inflammation and congestion), especially on both sides and abdomen of fish. (3) Prevention and treatment: same skin inflammation and congestion. Enteritis is caused by Aeromonas punctata. The anus is red and swollen, and the intestine is congested and inflamed. In severe cases, the fin root is congested and erythema appears in the abdomen. Ascites flows out during laparotomy and the whole intestine is red or purple. Control method: # 1MG/KG bleaching powder is sprayed in the whole pool. # Water depth per hectare 1M, spread the pond with 225~375KG of quicklime. # Every 10KG fish, use 1G sulfanilamide to make drug bait for feeding. # Every 10KG fish is fed 50G garlic once a day for three days. # Each fish 10KG was fed with 50G dried Euphorbia humifusa as bait, once a day 1 time for 3 days. Etiology of myxobacteria gill rot (1): It is caused by columnar fibrinophilus, also known as Myxococcus Fisch. There are fewer diseases in koi fish, and only when the water temperature is above 20 degrees, that is, from late spring to autumn, will the disease occur. A large number of fish died without any appearance abnormality. (2) Symptoms: The gill filaments of the diseased fish are rotten, with some sludge. Sometimes the tissue at the tip of gill filament rots, resulting in incomplete edges; Sometimes it will rot in one or more parts of the gill, but not at the edge. The inner epidermis of the branchial lid bone is congested and even corroded into a slightly round transparent area, commonly known as "opening the skylight". Due to the destruction of gill silk tissue, sick fish have difficulty breathing, and often appear floating head, resulting in a large number of deaths. (3) Treatment: # Soak the fish with 20MG/KG furacilin or furazolidone. Soak for 20-30 minutes when the water temperature is below 20 degrees; When the temperature is 2 1~32 degrees, soak it for 10~ 15 minutes for prevention and early treatment. When the concentration of # furacilin or furazolidone is 0.2~0.3MG/KG, it can be increased to 0.5~ 1.2MG/KG in severe cases, which is used for prevention and early treatment. # Dip and wash with Rivanol 20MG/KG, when the water temperature is 5~20 degrees, dip and wash 15~30 minutes; When the temperature is 2 1~32℃, soak 10~ 15 minutes. Used for early treatment, the effect is remarkable. The concentration of # rivanol is 0.8~ 1.5MG/KG, which has special effect. # Spread the pond with bleaching powder with the concentration of 1MG/KG. This method is only used in outdoor fish ponds. # Use 2.5~3.75MG/KG of rhubarb, soak every 0.5KG of dried rhubarb in 10KG of fresh ammonia water (0.3%) for 12 hour, and then sprinkle it all over the pool together with the residue. This drug is suitable for outdoor ponds, especially for koi fish aquaculture which has been using furan for many years and has developed drug resistance. # Soaking in 2% salt for 5~ 10 min is effective for prevention and early treatment. (4) Prevention: # Disinfect the fish pond regularly to keep the water clean and reduce the chance of germs. # Using fresh feed and living biological bait has obvious effect on preventing the disease. Etiology of Whitehead Mouth Disease (1): It is caused by cellulophobia. , also known as Myxococcus. Koi fish fry are very sensitive to this disease, which is one of the main diseases in fingerling period, while big fish generally do not get sick. Only two or three people died at first, and the number increased to several ten tail the next day. On the third day, a large number of people died, and the onset was fast and fierce. When the water temperature is above 20 degrees, that is, from late spring to autumn. (2) Symptoms: The head and mouth ring of the sick fish are milky white, and the lips are swollen, so that the mouth cannot be opened and it is difficult to breathe. Some sick fish have congestion on the top of their heads and around their eyes, showing the symptoms of "red head and white mouth". Sick fish are usually unsociable. (3) Control method: myxobacteria gill rot. Etiology of vertical scale disease (loose scale, vertical scale) (1): vertical scale disease is caused by Pseudomonas punctata, which mainly harms koi fish, and the individual is large. From late autumn to the next spring, the water temperature is low. (2) Symptoms: The diseased fish has rough body surface, erect scales and loose spherical appearance. In severe cases, exophthalmos, shortness of breath, back somersault and even death. The scales are swollen with transparent or bloody exudates. If you put a little pressure on the scale, the liquid will come out of the scale. The sick fish sank to the bottom of the water or lost its balance, its abdomen swelled, and finally died of exhaustion. (3) Treatment: Just like skin inflammation and congestion, it will be better to soak in salt water. (4) Prevention: # Prevent fish from being injured. # Parent fish spawning pond should be aired in winter and disinfected with quicklime or bleaching powder. # Add 5% crude chlortetracycline or oxytetracycline to the feed. # Take vitamin E orally. The weight of fish per 10KG per day is 0.3~0.6G, and it is increased to 0.6 ~ 0.9G( 10 ~ 15 days) for long-term use as an adjuvant treatment. Etiology of printing disease (1): printing disease is caused by Aeromonas punctata, which is mainly caused by improper operation, resulting in fish injury and infection. Late spring to autumn is the popular season, which mainly harms big fish over one year old. (2) Symptoms: The lesions are often located above the body-side gluteal fin, on both sides near the anus, and rarely in the front of the body. At first, the skin became inflamed and erythema appeared. With the development of the disease, scales fall off, muscles rot, lesions are round or oval, and there are bleeding and redness, which seems to be marked with red marks. In severe cases, the muscles in the focus often rot through, and bones and internal organs can be seen. The sick fish lost weight, lost appetite, swam slowly, and eventually died of exhaustion. (3) Prevention and treatment: The same skin inflammation and congestion, and the effect of applying potassium permanganate solution to the affected area is remarkable. Rot skin disease (canker disease): It is very similar to Indian disease, and the treatment method is similar. The difference is that the back of the sick fish is red, swollen and rotten, and the lesion is not formed. In severe cases, the dorsal fin falls off. White dermatosis: caused by Trichomonas albicans, the skin from the back of dorsal fin to the base of caudal stalk fin is white and foggy, with rough scales and no mucus. A dying sick fish is usually upside down with its tail fin up. Prevention and control methods: # Be careful when operating to prevent fish from being injured. # chlortetracycline 12.5MG/KG or oxytetracycline 25mg/kg for 30min. # Fill the pool with bleaching powder 1MG/KG or gallnut 2~4MG/KG. Etiology of perforation disease (cave disease) (1): perforation disease is caused by Myxococcus mucilaginosus, which is prevalent from September to June every year. When the water temperature is low, it is a very harmful infectious disease. Most of the reasons are injuries to the body surface, especially abrasions when fishing with nets. (2) Symptoms: White spots about the size of rice grains were found at the initial stage, then expanded and turned red around. When the disease gets worse, the scales fall off, the flesh is exposed, and ulcers are produced. Lesions can appear from the head, gill cover, back, abdomen, fins and tail stalk. Ulcer is not limited to dermis, but also goes deep into muscles, and serious cases are caves. (3) Treatment: #20MG/KG furazolidone and 1.4% salt mixture are soaked for 20-30 minutes, 1 time/day. # Add 20MG/KG potassium permanganate to the above mixture and soak for 10 ~ 30 minutes. Suitable for young fish at the early stage of onset. (4) Prevention: # Feed fresh bait, strengthen nutrition and enhance disease resistance. # Reasonable closed culture, the dissolved oxygen in the water is maintained at about 5 mg/L ... # Dead fish must be buried deeply and disinfected with quicklime. Bleaching powder with the concentration of 10MG/KG is sprinkled on the water in the diseased fish pond, and it can be discharged into the sewer after disinfection. Etiology of Tail Rot (1): Tail Rot is caused by Myxococcus columnar, which occurs all year round. The whole caudal fin rotted, and the sick fish was still alive, which reduced the ornamental value of koi fish. (2) Symptoms: the scales of caudal fin are exfoliated and inflamed, the muscles are necrotic and rotten, the caudal fin base is congested, the fin is scattered into a broom shape, and in severe cases, the entire caudal fin is rotten. The scales of diseased fish are normal, and some scales fall off. (3) Prevention and treatment: # is similar to skin inflammation and congestion. # Apply 1% malachite green aqueous solution to the broken wing, 1 time a day for 3~5 days to prevent and treat skin inflammation and congestion. # If a part of the caudal fin is not fully rotted, cut it off with scissors to flatten it, and then treat it in the above way. After a period of time, the fin can heal, leaving traces between the regenerated fin and the old fin. Although the ornamental value is reduced, it can be kept as a parent fish to breed offspring.