If you want to grow a good grape, you must first understand its growth and fruiting habits. Strengthening the management of vines and improving the yield and quality of grapes is a common concern of fruit farmers. The following mainly talks about the main management work of grape growth period.
1, management of flower bud differentiation period: remove the growing new shoot tip together with several tender leaves to promote inflorescence development, increase fruit setting and reduce flower and fruit drop. Every 10 day, spray the tip, redundant buds and lateral heart parts with "Cuihuawang No.3" for three times in time to inhibit the excessive growth of the main shoot, balance the flower amount and improve pollen.
2. Pruning wound protection: major modification of fruit trees, high grafting and head changing, scraping and curing rot, and plastic pruning will inevitably cause wounds. If it is not closed in time, it will be dry and polluted, which will lead to a large number of airborne germs and viruses invading the tree from the wound and inducing fruit tree rot and other diseases. Callus antiseptic film is called "chemical bark", which is an oily soft solid with high technology content. When directly applied to scissors, it can quickly form a tough soft film close to wood, protect the growth of wound healing tissue, prevent the infection of rotten bacteria, soil and rain, prevent freezing and prevent the wound from cracking.
3. Scientific bagging: Grape bagging can obviously improve the fruit quality, and the bagging period generally begins immediately after the fruit is stable, the whole ear is trimmed and the grain is thinned. Traditional manual bagging is time-consuming, laborious, costly and troublesome. High-tech non-film bag is a new type of high-fat film powder with high concentration. By spraying the fruit surface, the polymer ultra-thin soft film is quickly formed. Spraying the surface of grape fruit with 0/000 times of water from the mother liquor without film bag at the young fruit stage for the second time and the third time every 25-30 days can replace plastic film bagging, protect the fruit and leaves, prevent pathogen infection and optimize the fruit development level.
4. Prevention and control of diseases, pests and root rot: There are many diseases and pests of grapes, and the most headache for fruit farmers is mold, which may infect grapes from germination and mainly harm branches and leaves and fruits. Using corresponding chemicals+new high-fat film for prevention and control can greatly improve the utilization rate of effective components of pesticides, reduce the use of pesticides and reduce pesticide residues. Grape root rot nematode disease leads to vascular bundle necrosis or root bark rot, which is serious and difficult to control. Irrigation with 10% mirex soil contact agent or 10% keliandan granules combined with Genshitong capsule can promote the effective components of pesticides to kill fruit tree pests.
5. There is a new method to protect flowers and strengthen fruits: from flowering stage to expansion stage, the pipeline is not smooth, which will affect the nutrition of the tree, and condensed substances will be produced in the pipeline, which will lead to the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits, which can also be called physiological falling flowers and fruits. Fruit development needs a strong mother body and a healthy nutrient circulation and transportation system, and needs sufficient water and fertilizer matching supply and good digestion function. Spraying Zhuangguodiling before flowering, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage can thicken the fruit pedicel, improve nutrient transport, effectively reduce the rate of flower dropping, fruit dropping and fruit cracking, and make the fruit colorful and delicious.
6, disinfection and sterilization to prevent bacterial invasion: Grape trees, like other fruit trees, will have a variety of cortical diseases. If not treated in time, it will affect the growth of trees and the development of fruits. Spray orchards, trunks and branches with 1000 times Guan Shu solution in time to prevent and control airborne diseases and disinfect plants.
The author analyzes that ecological agricultural materials are environmentally friendly and pollution-free, and all aspects of management should be matched, and physical regulation and protection should be implemented for plant growth, making great contributions to modern plant protection and stepping onto a new level.
When a cell (seed) grows into a plant, it must contain a set of genetic genes of the plant and an enzyme that activates these genes at an appropriate time. After the evolution of grapes, the seeds still retain the whole set of genetic genes of plants, but the enzymes that activate the genes are incomplete.
Grape can grow from seed by tissue culture in biotechnology: cell-dedifferentiation-callus-redifferentiation-tissue culture-plant.
(Synthase that activates genes will be added during the culture process)
It should not be variety degradation, but the degradation of grape quality is mainly caused by soil obstacles, similar to the continuous cropping of the same variety on a piece of land in China.
The reasons for these obstacles are:
Grape autotoxicity: this is a growth inhibition that occurs within a species. Under the condition of continuous cropping, the soil ecological environment has a great influence on plant growth, especially the metabolites of grape residues and pathogenic bacteria have toxic effects on grapes, which together with autotoxic substances secreted by plant roots affect plant metabolism and eventually lead to autotoxicity.
Destruction of element balance: Because of the selectivity of grape to soil nutrient absorption, planting the same variety on the same land is easy to destroy the balance of mineral elements in soil. Antagonism between nutrient elements often affects the absorption of some elements by grapes, which is prone to element deficiency, eventually hindering growth and reducing yield and quality.
Pests and diseases are aggravated: after continuous cropping, some beneficial microorganisms (ammonifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, etc.) grow due to the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, light, temperature and humidity, and gas. ) is inhibited, but some harmful microorganisms multiply rapidly, destroying the natural balance of soil microorganisms, which not only leads to obstacles in the process of fertilizer decomposition, but also leads to more pests and diseases, rapid spread and easy aggravation.
What are the common grape varieties in China?
There are many grape varieties in China. Common varieties are Xiahei Grape, Kyoho Grape, Hutai Grape, White Milk Grape, Early Rose Grape, Fujimino Grape, Ruby Grape, Meirenzhi Grape, Giant Rose Grape, Late Red Grape, Drunk Fragrant Grape, Red Grape, Green Grape, Longan Grape and Jingya Grape.