1 repair technology of electric vehicle frame
The frame is the safety core of the whole vehicle, and the poor strength or manufacturing accuracy of the frame will seriously affect the use. If the whole vehicle is always tilted to one side when riding, it may be that the whole vehicle is tilted; If the whole vehicle has a serious dent, it may be overloaded, riding in bad road conditions, resulting in deformation of the whole vehicle. The deformation may be caused by the welding crack between the front riser and the front triangular plate or the joint crack between the saddle fork and the frame. If there is a click of metal, it may be the strength or welding problem of some tabs.
2. Rear flat fork
Generally, there is not much problem with the rear fork, which is mainly caused by the loosening of the rear fork screw during installation or under road conditions. Once the rear fork screw is loosened, the rear wheel will swing, resulting in serious tail flick when braking, vehicle shaking when riding at high speed, and chain dropping when pedaling hard; The strength of the motor pull ring on the rear fork is also very important, especially the size and rigidity of the opening. Because it is a test of rigidity in special occasions (such as emergency braking), it is generally necessary to tighten the nut of the motor and then retreat half a turn, so as not to loosen it.
3. Front fork
The front fork is divided into simple type and shock-proof type, and now it is generally shock-proof. The front fork is easily damaged. General collision and strong dive will damage the spring of the front fork, and the damage result is that the front wheel mud plate collides with the front triangle or the front wheel collides with the plastic parts, resulting in a bend. This phenomenon can be solved by pressing the front fork with greater force and seeing the gap before deciding whether to change the front fork or by increasing the gap in another way.
4, handle and riser
Generally, handles and risers do not need maintenance when they are new, but they will rust after long use. At this time, you can't force the screws. First, treat the water with loose embroidery for a period of time, and then carefully knock the outside of the front riser with a hammer. When screwing the screws, it is best to use a ring wrench or socket wrench, generally without hard hands or adjustable wrench.
5, plastic parts
Plastic parts are generally not maintained. The reasons why this article is mainly about the vibration problem of plastic parts are listed. When * * * vibration occurs, the main consideration is whether the fasteners are loose. If necessary, plastic parts can be bonded to change the frequency of vibration.
6. Tools
Instrument is the display part of electric vehicle, and now the daily instruments are divided into LED display and pointer display.
The failure rate of LED instruments is relatively low, but once a failure occurs, it is difficult to find it. It is necessary to know the characteristics of some comparators and the structure of voltage stabilizing circuits. If the voltage indication is inaccurate, it can be achieved by adjusting the adjustable resistance of the reference. When designing LED instruments, it is likely that some auxiliary functions (such as under-voltage indication, caller ID, cruise, etc. ) will focus on the display panel, so you need to know the function of the circuit board before maintenance. Pointer instruments can be divided into brush type and brushless type according to speedometer, and positive control type and negative control type according to control polarity. The speed line voltage of brush connection changes from large to small; Both brush A connection and brush B connection can achieve the expected effect, but the life of brush B connection will be longer, because in general, the current consumption of ammeter is above 15mA, while the voltage drop of R 1 potentiometer is about 45V, so the power consumption of potentiometer is about 0.7W, which is the abbreviation of differential potentiometer. Once the potentiometer is damaged, the speedometer will not turn; Brush-type B connection overcomes the above defects and adopts bypass connection, which reduces the requirements for potentiometers.
The speed line voltage of brushless connection method changes from small to large, because the speed line voltage of brushless connection method can be made relatively low, so the probability of potentiometer damage is small. Control polarity can be divided into positive control and negative control. Positive control refers to the switch control of the positive and negative poles of the power supply; Negative control means that the switch controls the positive and negative poles of the power supply. The voltmeter of pointer instrument is generally made of voltage instrument and also indicated by ammeter. The principle of the two is different, but the display effect is not much different.
The instrument voltage regulator of 36V is generally 30V, and the instrument voltage regulator of 48V is generally 39V, so that when the voltage is almost under-voltage, the zener diode will collapse and the instrument will show that it is in the under-voltage area; The function of current limiting resistor is to provide a suitable working environment for voltmeter and zener diode. The principle of indicating voltage with ammeter is similar to that of speedometer, so I won't go into details here.
7. Cable
The essential damage of cables is not easy to encounter in maintenance, but once it is encountered, it takes a lot of time to find the reason. Generally speaking, when overhauling, first look for areas where problems may occur according to the functions of the controller or display, and then look for cable connections according to the corresponding colors.
8. Controller
Controller is one of the most concerned devices in maintenance, and the damage of controller is also common.
General controller leads include several items: power cord and motor cord. Brushless ones generally include five-core Hall cord, rotating brake handle cord, speed cord, brake light cord, undervoltage cord and booster cord. From the appearance, the wires with larger diameter (above 1.5mm) are power wires and motor wires, five-core harness wires are generally motor Hall signal wires, rotating brake handle wires are generally three-core two-core or four-core 1 plug-in, and speed wires, brake light wires and undervoltage wires are generally single-core wires.
Maintenance skills of electric vehicles Always check the front and rear tires.
Try not to use zero start (that is, start in place) for electric bicycles, especially when they are fully loaded and uphill. This is because when starting, the motor must first overcome the static friction. At this time, the current is large, close to or even reaching the rotating resistance current, which makes the battery work with high current and accelerates the damage of the battery. Minimize frequent braking and re-acceleration, and don't overload and overspeed (deliberately unplug the speed limiter). When riding, try to avoid the impact of excessive bumps and vibrations on the controller, contacts, connectors and motor bearings.
Replenish electric energy in time after riding.
Is the battery of electric vehicle obviously short of power? Hunger? State, will cause a lot of power shortage. Before charging, first insert the charger into the charging seat of the electric vehicle, and then connect the charger power supply to alternating current. After the battery is basically fully charged, it should be kept floating for at least two or three hours to ensure full charge, but not more than 24 hours. In addition, you should avoid charging immediately after driving in summer, and the charging time is generally eight hours. Don't overcharge.
Be sure to check the front and rear brakes.
Sensitive and reliable, the stroke is appropriate, and the wheel hub cannot be ground without braking; Brake shoes are excessively worn and should be replaced in time. Pay attention to whether the front and rear wheels rotate smoothly and stir gently. Idle? After a long time, there is a tendency to reverse at the moment of stopping, otherwise the shaft gear should be adjusted. Proper adjustment of the above two items can reduce friction, save electricity and increase driving range. When not riding, the electric door lock should be closed to avoid no-load power consumption of line elements such as controller and power indicator light.
Store the vehicle indoors as much as possible.
Electric vehicles should avoid rain and sun exposure, prevent water from entering the motor battery in bad weather and excessive exposure in the scorching sun. Don't overuse the electric car, let the electric car recuperate and let the battery naturally restore its chemical properties. Try to avoid the deep discharge of electric vehicle battery caused by long-distance riding. If possible, it is possible to supplement electricity in the middle. If you don't ride for a long time, charge it every half month.
Please check the tightness of the chain before using the electric bicycle.
Feel and observe whether the chain shaft rotates flexibly and whether the links are seriously corroded. Wipe the vehicle frequently, regularly fill the parts that need lubrication, such as brakes and chain transmission mechanisms, tighten nuts and screws that are easy to loosen, such as front and rear axles and handlebars, and regularly clean the electroplated metal surface with rust-removing and antirust oil.
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