1, the emergence of allergic phenomena. Allergy is mainly manifested as flushing and itching of body skin. Some patients only occur above the waist. The treatment to get rid of this problem is oral anti-allergic drugs. Therefore, try to avoid using aspirin and other drugs within one week after botulinum toxin injection to prevent allergic phenomena. Also, contact the doctor before the operation and tell him your contraindications.
2, diplopia. This is common in strabismus patients, and the incidence rate is about 1%. It may be caused by the paralysis of superior rectus muscle caused by injection of botulinum toxin. The occurrence of diplopia is related to the injection site and dose of botulinum toxin. With the increase of injection dose, the incidence of diplopia will also increase. Therefore, we must grasp the quantity well in order to realize our good wishes on the basis of health.
3, systemic poisoning. This phenomenon is more serious. Mainly manifested as fever, fatigue, general malaise and other symptoms similar to a cold. The severity is related to the injection dose of bTX, which is a normal reaction after injection of botulinum toxin. Preventive measures: Avoid local massage after injection of botulinum toxin, and let patients drink plenty of water.
Extended data:
The "balance" of injection beauty depends entirely on the doctor's hand.
"Micro-plastic surgery requires long-term injection, so many people buy drugs online to inject themselves or ask people to inject them for cheap." Park Shangxun's comments suddenly poked the "small thoughts" of online shopping medical beauty consumers.
Taking the face-lifting needle as an example, the data show that the face-lifting needle is a botulinum toxin A injection, which can block the information transmission between nerves and muscles, stretch the excessively contracted muscles, contract the masseter muscles and eliminate wrinkles. Because of its characteristics of small trauma, quick recovery and quick effect, it is the most common in the field of micro-plastic surgery.
Before the face-lifting needle is injected, anesthetic ointment will be applied to the injection site, and the treatment time will be within 15 minutes. It is usually injected once every six months, but if you like to chew frequently, the maintenance time may be shortened.
Injection position is a crucial link in injection cosmetology. Deviation is often measured in millimeters, and the accuracy of "grasping" depends on the doctor's hands. "Injection of beauty may cause tissue damage and infection. If the doctor makes a mistake, the improper injection position will hurt the nerves, which is even more dangerous. " Park Shangxun said.
Therefore, for the "thousand faces" with different faces, different muscle fat ratios and different structures, the surgical scale is completely different. The most skilled medical team maintains the longest time with the best materials, and carries out aesthetic design according to each part, selects the injection site, and predicts that the possible effect can be more coordinated with the five senses.
"Before the face-lifting needle is used in a regular plastic surgery hospital, the doctor will carry out one-on-one and targeted design for customers, and after determining the face effect, implement it as planned." Park Shangxun said that diagnosis requires doctors to have in-depth anatomical expertise, and treatment needs to accumulate rich clinical experience. In professional hospitals, there will also be rescue and first aid measures after the accident to minimize the risk.
It can be seen that professional hospitals are far more secure than private studios and some WeChat beauticians who claim to be trained, and they are also better than overconfident "autonomy".
In addition, different constitutions will have different reactions to the same injected substance. Li reminded that after several injections, a few people will produce antibodies to botulinum toxin, which will make future injections invalid. Therefore, there may be cases where the face-lifting needle is effective before and ineffective later.
Botulinum toxin (BTX, botulinum? Toxins)
Also known as botulinum toxin or botulinum toxin, it is a neurotoxic exotoxin produced by the growth of botulinum under anaerobic conditions. Botulinum toxin * * * has eight types: A, B, Cα, Cβ, D, E, F and G. Among them, Type A and Type B are toxic to human body, and large doses can kill people, but small doses of local use can eliminate muscle spasms and wrinkles, and are widely used in medical and aesthetic industries.
The other six are poisonous to other animals.
physicochemical property
Botulinum toxin is a polypeptide of 150kD, which is composed of a heavy (H) chain of 100kD and a light (L) chain of 50kD connected by disulfide bonds. Botulinum toxin * * * has eight types: A, B, Cα, Cβ, D, E, F and G, of which Type A and Type B are the main poisoning causes, and Type A is the most toxic and has the most military value.
The inhalation semi-lethal dose of pure botulinum toxin A to humans is 0.004μg/kg. Botulinum toxin type A is a colorless or white needle-like crystal with loose texture, no special smell and easy to dissolve in water. The crystalline state is unstable at room temperature and decomposes and deactivates after a few days.
stability
The toxin is acid-resistant and can be absorbed by gastrointestinal tract because it remains active in 0.5%~ 1% hydrochloric acid without being inactivated. But not alkali-tolerant, pH > 5；; Under the condition of 1 1, it was inactivated after 3 minutes. Toxins are sensitive to heat and will be destroyed in 2 minutes at 60℃. Its aqueous solution can keep its toxicity unchanged for 7 days at room temperature.
Toxic mechanism
Botulinum toxin is not released by live botulinum, but a non-toxic precursor toxin first produced in the cells of botulinum. After death and autolysis, Botox releases precursor toxin, which is activated by trypsin or protease produced by bacteria in the intestine before it produces toxicity.
The mechanism of action of botulinum toxin is to block the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings, resulting in symmetrical descending flaccid paralysis of motor nerve and autonomic nerve, and paralysis of muscles and skeletal muscles in cholinergic innervation area. After ingesting this toxin orally or by inhalation, the nervous system will be destroyed, and symptoms such as dizziness, dyspnea, paralysis and even death due to respiratory muscle paralysis will occur.
Medical science
Because botulinum toxin can temporarily paralyze muscles, it has been used as a muscle relaxant in the clinical treatment of strabismus for 30 years since 1979, and it has developed into the treatment of various localized dystonia diseases, with stable and reliable curative effect.
At first, doctors used botulinum toxin to treat facial spasm and other muscle movement disorders, and used it to paralyze muscle nerves, thus stopping muscle spasm. During the treatment, doctors found that botulinum toxin has a more significant effect on eliminating wrinkles. Soon, plastic surgery with botulinum toxin injection came into being.
Botulinum toxin can eliminate wrinkles or avoid the formation of wrinkles in a period of time by paralyzing the loose subcutaneous nerve, thus achieving the effect of beauty. Botulinum toxin is expensive and needs to be re-injected every few months, so it is a luxury that actresses and celebrities can afford for many years.
Usually, the dose of botulinum for medical purposes is very small, which is only about 1% of the estimated lethal dose [1]. If the set dose is correct, it can be said to be safe, but it should be set accurately according to the professional judgment of human condition. Therefore, Botox injection surgery has certain risks and must be carried out by a professional dermatologist or facial plastic surgeon to be safe and reliable.
References:
Medical beauty is also "medicine"-People's Health Network
Want to make faces? Be careful! (People's Livelihood)-People's Daily
Botulinum Toxin-Baidu Encyclopedia