Administrative Division, that is, administrative division, means that the country divides the whole country into several administrative regions with different levels and sizes, sets up corresponding local state organs and implements administrative management according to the needs of politics and administrative management, and fully considers objective factors such as economic ties, geographical conditions, climatic conditions, ethnic distribution, historical traditions, customs and habits, regional differences and population density. The evolution of administrative regions in China's history has gone through the following stages: 1. enfeoffment system

In Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, China implemented enfeoffment system.

"enfeoffment system" is a social system in which the royal family divides the territorial land into vassals. Under the "enfeoffment system", the national land is not entirely owned by the royal family, but is owned by the vassals who have obtained the fiefs. They have all the resources and benefits of the enfeoffment land, have complete management power over the enfeoffment land, and have all the powers such as legislation, justice, administration, military and economy, and only pay tribute and pilgrimage to the royal family.

after the vassal acquired the land, he could also further sublet the land to Dr. Qing and his vassal as fiefs. The vassal also had all the powers of fiefs and only assumed the same limited obligations to the monarch.

The enfeoffment officers are all of lineage.

The enfeoffment system gradually disintegrated during the Warring States Period, giving way to the centralized county system.

? Administrative Regions in the Spring and Autumn Period II. County System

China implemented the county system in the Qin and Han Dynasties.

the county system refers to the general name of the local administrative system at the county and county levels under the centralized system implemented in ancient China. County system is the embodiment of ancient centralized system in local political power. It was initiated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and after the reform of Qin Shihuang, it officially became the local political system after Qin and Han Dynasties.

a county is a local administrative unit under the central government, and its organizational structure is similar to that of the central government, with a sheriff, a county commander and a county supervisor (supervising the imperial history). There are counties below the county level, which is the key first-level organization in the ruling institutions and a relatively independent unit from the central to local government institutions.

the county and county are the basic structures, and on this basis, they have been constantly changed and supplemented in the past dynasties. For example, there are townships and pavilions below the county level; At or above the county level, a supervisory state has been established; During the Han dynasty, there was also a vassal state at the same level as the county, that is, the county-state parallel system.

county chiefs are all appointed by the state, and they are not descended, which is conducive to strengthening centralization.

Figure 2 of Counties and Counties in the Qin Dynasty, Daolu Prefecture (prefecture) county system

Daolu Prefecture (prefecture) county system was implemented in Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties. States (prefectures) and counties are basic administrative units, and roads (roads) are superior supervisory areas or economic areas, and whether they are administrative areas is uncertain.

auxiliary structure, there were government, military, prison and other institutions at the same level as the state in the Song Dynasty.

officials at all levels are appointed by the state.

administrative regions in Tang dynasty iii. provincial system

the provincial system was implemented in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and the basic administrative institutions in modern China are also provincial system.

The provincial system is the main administrative model in China since the 13th century, which originated from the Yuan Dynasty and developed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and finally influenced the administrative system in modern China.

under the provincial system, officials appointed by the central government are not limited to the highest local officials, but also the heads of the auxiliary institutions of local institutions. For example, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the deployment envoys in charge of civil affairs, the command envoys in charge of military affairs, and the provincial judges in charge of judicial supervision were directly responsible to the central departments, thus making local powers check each other and effectively preventing local separatism. Further strengthened centralization.

provinces in yuan dynasty

provinces in Qing dynasty.