Echinococcus often contains a certain amount of venom in the body. After being bitten by echinococcosis, the skin tissue of the affected area will all be necrotic, forming a dark brown scar, and new skin will grow under the scar. However, the color of the new skin is very light, which is different from the surrounding skin, resulting in the healing of the affected area like a knife wound. Therefore, the scars left have the greatest impact on the skin.

Suggestion: It is recommended to go to the plastic surgery department of a regular hospital for a check-up and specify the corresponding cosmetic scar removal treatment according to the degree of illness. During the treatment, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, avoid spicy and cold food, and quit smoking and drinking.

The stray beetle is also called "?" Shadow bug and green waist bug are the general names of beetles in COLEOPTERA, belonging to Insecta, COLEOPTERA and Paederia. It is the most abundant family of COLEOPTERA, with more than 58,500 known species all over the world, which are distributed all over the world.

Insects of Paederiaceae generally have slender bodies, and the main distinguishing features are: Coleoptera is short, its abdominal segments are exposed, and most of them can move freely. According to these characteristics, it is easy to distinguish it from other groups of COLEOPTERA.

The habitat of paederus is complex, distributed in farmland, forest, rainforest, mountain, river and seaside, and also found on the body surface of some mammals. The rice borer is an omnivorous insect, which mainly eats meat and feeds on agricultural and forestry pests. Some are saprophytic and dung-eating insects, which can promote the circulation of natural substances; Others feed on mushrooms, plant fruits and pollen. A few species can cause skin inflammation. Paederus is closely related to human beings and is an important part of natural resources.

Most Spodoptera litura are slender and small, with parallel sides, black head, wings and tail, and orange chest, abdomen and feet, which are similar to big ants, generally smaller than 3mm (or 1/8 inches) and up to 3cm. Most species of COLEOPTERA are short and thick, with similar length and width and developed hind wings. They can be quickly deployed from under the COLEOPTERA when taking off, and then they can be hidden under the COLEOPTERA by folding their abdomen and feet after flying. Most of the abdomen is exposed. The hind wings of some species degenerate, even COLEOPTERA degenerate together; Some species have well-developed sphingolipids, which completely cover the hind wings and abdomen. Larvae have no wings. Some large species have beautiful black and yellow, like wasps; Some people look and act like soldiers and ants.

living environment

Paederus is widely distributed, almost all over the world, and likes humid environment. Adults generally have wings and can fly over the sea away from the land, but paederus itself is not strong in diffusion, and its behavior is only to avoid harm. Aphids inhabit many habitats, such as forest or forest litter, grassland, loose space under the epidermis of lodging pine trees, rotten fruits, blooming flowers, rotten trees, plants drifting in rivers and lakes, feces, carrion, vertebrate nests and so on. Some paedoptera live in special habitats, some live in mushrooms, and La Sota lives in snails.

Paederus is small in size and complex in feeding habits, so it is difficult to determine. Through the comparative morphological study on the anatomical structure of its mouthparts and digestive tract, it is considered that the primitive types of Aphidinae may have evolved from saprophytic, from saprophytic primitive types (Aphidinae, Aphidinae, Aphidinae) to active advanced types (Aphidinae, Aphidinae, Aphidinae), which led to the evolution of food habits of all subfamilies of Aphidinae.

The relationship between the existing feeding habits and groups of paederus can be roughly summarized as follows:

(a) Saprophytic: Saprophinae, Saprophinae and Proteinae; ;

(b) Phytophagy: some species of Aphidinae, such as Diatoms-eating Boledius;

(c) Flower eaters: pine sawflies and pine sawflies feed on flowers of plants, and Osorius harms lawns;

(d) Fungal feeding habits: Acuporinae, Pholiota, Tacporinae;

(e) Carnivorous: Some species of Aphidinae gradually evolved into carnivorous, while some species of Aphidinae and most species of Aphidinae evolved from saprophytic to carnivorous. Moreover, many kinds of food are unique, such as: Scydmaeninae Oligota of Aphidea preys on mites, Erichsonius of Aphidea preys on soil nematodes, the larvae or pupae of mosquitoes of Pterocarya, Belonuchus and Platydracus preys on Heliconia bud, Hesperus preys on the larvae of mosquitoes in bamboo internodes, and Eulissus preys on dung beetles. However, Aleochara of Aphidinae gradually evolved into a group of parasitic fly pupae.

The dermatitis of paederus venosus is caused by the contact of toxins in paederus venosus body fluids with human skin. In the season when pathogenic insects occur (especially in the outbreak period), insects enter the room through the open doors and windows, crawling around people, and often feel strange because of crawling, being slapped, crushed or rubbed by people's hands intentionally or unintentionally, spreading poison, sticking to the skin and hands, and touching the skin in other places with their hands, causing many skin injuries. The toxin of paederus venosus is a strong contact toxin, which is superior to cobra venom. There are three kinds of toxins in paederus venosus, namely Pederin, Pseudopederin and Pederone.

Toxins exist in eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of paederus venosus, except wings. The toxin of adults mainly comes from hemolymph, and the endotoxin of females is 10 times that of males. Toxins are distributed in every part of the insect body, and the insect body is divided into several sections. No matter which section comes into contact with the skin, it will cause dermatitis with the same symptoms. The amount of toxins in different parts of the worm is different, the most in the abdomen, followed by the chest and feet.

There are three ways for paederus to infect human skin: one is to directly crush paederus' body on the skin, which is called direct infection; Second, the debris of the worm pollutes the finger, and then the finger touches other parts to cause infection, which is called indirect infection; Third, bugs are hidden in clothes and towels. When in use, the insect body is rubbed to make the venom stick to it, which will lead to infection after touching the skin. No matter what form of infection, there is a rubbing action, which is the root cause of dermatitis with various forms and different damaged areas. Direct contact with insect body fluids is the main way to cause paederus dermatitis.

Pathogenic characteristics

( 1)? There is obvious seasonality. Generally, it began to appear in June, and the peak period was from August to September, and it decreased in 65438-1October, which was consistent with the breeding season of paederus.

(2)? Periodic, but not obvious.

(3)? Relationship between incidence and meteorological factors. The disease often occurs in high temperature, high humidity, rainy and low air pressure seasons. According to the incidence of Nanchong and Chongqing for many years, the disease often breaks out in years of continuous high temperature and drought and continuous autumn rain.

(4)? The onset is related to gender. There are more men than women, and the difference is significant. The ratio of male to female is close to 2: 1.

(5)? The onset age is mostly between 10-40 years old.

(6)? Incidence and occupation: Most people work under bright light at night, and students in colleges and universities, welders on construction sites and teachers are more sick than farmers, urban residents and government officials.

(7)? There is an obvious relationship between disease and environment: the light in the affected area is stronger than the surrounding light. The stronger the light, the more patients there are, and the incidence rate of those who use fluorescent lamps is the highest.

(8)? Paederus dermatitis has no obvious relationship with human contact, only the severity of the disease.

(9)? Paederus dermatitis has obvious predilection sites, and the neck, lip circumference and the inside of forearm are the most prone sites.

( 10)? Clinical symptoms and signs of paederus dermatitis: the occurrence of paederus dermatitis is often accompanied by erythema, swelling and pain, local discomfort, itching, blisters, fever, suppuration and other symptoms. Severe pain, often accompanied by elevated body temperature and local lymph node enlargement, dizziness, headache and other symptoms. The most typical ones are burning pain (67.97%), burning sensation (63.67%), itching (mild itching 50.4%, strange itching 28.52%), facial edema (27.34%) and dizziness (13.28%). The diagnostic value is burning pain and itching.

( 1 1)? Damage types of paederus dermatitis: the main damage type is punctate (45.3 1%), followed by punctate (18.70%), strip (13.63%) and punctate (13.28%). This is the main basis for the diagnosis of paederus dermatitis.

( 12)? The course of paederus dermatitis: most cases are in 7 ~ 8 d, and about 1 3 cases are above 10 d, and the course depends on the diagnosis and treatment methods. The diagnosis is accurate and the method is reasonable, which can shorten the course of disease. ?

Diagnostic points

(1) Whether there are traces of paederus activity and contact history in the environment where patients live, work and study is the first condition for diagnosis.

(2) In the onset season, early-onset cases are generally April-May, and the frequent season is August-September.

(3) The target population is mainly, with few sporadic cases.

(4) The lesions of patients are mostly exposed parts of neck, face and limbs.

(5) The main types of skin lesions are strips, spots or patches.

(6) Course change: burning sensation-burning sensation-skin redness-gradual purplish red-grayish white pustules with different sizes-pustules expanding in sheets or strips-bursting and scabbing-brown spots appear on the affected skin, which are not easy to fade after healing.