Cultivation techniques of potted tomato
1, sowing and seedling raising
Seeding and seedling raising can be carried out all year round, and short-stemmed varieties with strong disease resistance and stress resistance and easy fruit setting can be selected. Such as short Kurenai Rin, short Huangling, potted red, colorful and so on. Soak the soup in warm water at 55℃ for 30 minutes before sowing, and then naturally cool it to normal temperature. Soak the seeds for 4-6 hours, and then accelerate germination at 25-28℃ for 2-3 days. During the accelerated germination, pay attention to washing with warm water once a day to wash away the mucus attached to the seeds to prevent the seeds from mildew. Tomato seeds can be planted in a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 5 cm when they are exposed to white buds. The matrix materials are peat, vermiculite, fine sand, cottonseed cake, slag, corn stalk powder, etc. , and any three of them are mixed and prepared according to the ratio of 1: 1: 1. 2 seeds per pot, after sowing, cover with 0.8 cm fine fluvo-aquic soil, cover with 1 film, and uncover the film after emergence. In summer and high temperature season, use sunshade net or straw mat to cool down to prevent seedlings from burning, and use protective facilities to prevent freezing injury in winter. When two leaves are combined into one, seedlings will grow. You can also use border sowing to raise seedlings. When the seedlings grow to 2 leaves 1 heart, put them in a pot. 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed properly before releasing the pot to increase the nutrition of seedlings and cultivate strong seedlings. Spraying zineb and chlorothalonil to control seedling diseases.
2. Planting in the upstream basin
When the seedlings grow to 4-5 leaves, they can be put into the pot. Choose a 28×30 cm flowerpot and plant 4 plants in it. The number of plants can also be determined according to the size of the basin. The matrix is made of peat, vermiculite, fine sand, mushroom residue, slag, corn stalk powder, etc. Three of them were mixed with field soil at the ratio of 1: 1: 1: 3. Each pot can be mixed with100g of expanded chicken manure and five kinds of ternary compound fertilizers to ensure that the substrate can provide sufficient nutrition. After planting, water is permeable.
3. Daily management
After delaying seedlings, water them at least once a day in summer and high temperature season, every 2-3 days in spring and autumn season and every 5 days in winter. It is beneficial to root system development to hoe the pot soil frequently before fruit hanging to increase air permeability. After the results, five kinds of expanded chicken manure 100g and ternary compound fertilizer were topdressing, and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed appropriately to provide nutrition for fruit growth. When the fruit expands, keep the soil moist, but water it properly, not too much or too often, to prevent the roots from turning yellow, the leaves from rotting and the fruit from falling. In summer, you can cover the fruit with a sunshade net to prevent it from being burned every day; Do not spray water when the fruit is ripe to prevent the fruit from cracking. Pay attention to cold protection in winter to prevent frostbite.
Step 4 trim
Dwarf tomatoes are self-capped varieties, with extremely short internodes and plants, and generally do not need pruning and scaffolding. However, if the plant is too small, when there is no fruit hanging or the fruit expands, the bud or fruit can be knocked out to keep the plant growing and keep 3-4 lateral branches. If there are too many seats, you can use a cylindrical bracket welded with fine steel bars (painted pure white with fine steel bars). You can also insert a strong bamboo stick as a border in the middle of the pot, and the bamboo stick should not exceed the height of the tomato, so as not to affect the appearance. In the whole growth process, the lateral branches at the base should be knocked out in time, and the old leaves at the base should also be knocked out in time when Huang Shi changes, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and reduce nutrient consumption. Dwarf tomatoes are generally not shaped, but some simple plastic treatments can be made according to the shape of flower pots and local consumption habits to enhance the ornamental value of potted dwarf tomatoes.
Step 5 sell in time
Potted dwarf tomatoes are usually sold in time when the fruit begins to ripen. Before selling, the lower old leaves and yellow leaves should be removed to expose the fruit to enhance the appearance. It can also be sold in the green fruit period and ginkgo period.
6. Indoor maintenance
Potted dwarf tomatoes can be placed on family balconies, indoors and tables. In winter, the indoor temperature is high and the temperature difference between day and night is small, which is not conducive to the growth of tomatoes. It should be placed in a relatively low temperature place at night, so that the temperature difference between day and night is about 5- 10 degrees. Generally, when the indoor air is dry, we should pay attention to spraying water on the leaves frequently, spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or rice vinegar 100 times a week, which can not only prevent insects and diseases, but also play the role of top dressing on the leaves. Potted dwarf tomatoes on the desk should bask in the sun every 2-3 days, which is beneficial to plant growth. When the fruit is ripe, it should be picked and eaten in time to prevent over-ripening and cracking.
What fertilizer is used for potted tomatoes?
Tomato is one of the most fertile crops. During the whole growth period, it must absorb a lot of water and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, manganese, zinc and molybdenum from the soil.
Nitrogen can promote the growth of tomato branches and leaves and make the leaves greener. Generally, to produce 65,438+0,000 kilograms of tomatoes, 3.5 kilograms of ammonia should be absorbed from the soil. When the soil is short of nitrogen, the plants are short, the leaves are yellow, the fruits are small, and there are few or no fruits. When there is too much nitrogen fertilizer, plants will grow in vain and flourish, which will easily lead to a large number of falling flowers, stagnant fruit development and reduced sugar content. Regardless of nitrogen deficiency or excessive nitrogen fertilizer, tomato yield will be greatly reduced and quality will be seriously deteriorated.
Tomatoes also need a lot of potash fertilizer. Generally, every 65,438+0,000 kilograms of tomatoes absorb 3.8 kilograms of potassium from the soil. A large number of experiments have proved that on the basis of applying a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the yield per unit area of tomato can be increased by two or three times by applying potassium fertilizer 10 kg per mu, and the yield increase effect is very significant. There is no habit of applying more potash fertilizer in some areas of China. Or improper application of potash fertilizer (such as plant ash mixed with human urine). Therefore, the yield of tomatoes often lingers at the original level. Potassium fertilizer can not only increase tomato yield, but also improve fruit quality, increase sugar content and reduce acidity.
Although the absorption of phosphorus fertilizer by tomatoes is not as good as that of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (generally 1 0,000 kg of tomatoes need to absorb 1 kg of phosphorus from the soil), this does not mean that phosphorus fertilizer is not important to the growth and development of tomatoes. On the contrary, phosphorus fertilizer is very important for promoting flower bud differentiation, early flowering and fruiting, promoting seedling root growth and improving fruit quality. Phosphate fertilizer was applied in some areas, but the fertilizer effect was not obvious. Investigate the reason. For example, calcium superphosphate can only be used in calcareous soil (soil containing more calcium carbonate), and the application of phosphate rock powder and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer has no effect.
In addition, if calcium superphosphate is directly applied to soil, it will also cause available phosphorus to be fixed by calcium ions in soil solution, forming invalid phosphorus compounds that cannot be directly absorbed by plants. In order to reduce the direct contact between superphosphate and soil, it is best to fully mix superphosphate with decomposed organic fertilizer in advance, so that the surface of superphosphate is coated with organic fertilizer, so as to reduce the fixation of soil on organophosphorus and improve the application effect of phosphate fertilizer.
Tomato plants not only need to absorb a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil, but also need to absorb a certain amount of calcium. Experiments show that calcium can improve the crack resistance of tomato fruit and prevent a large number of fruit navel rot.
To sum up, the above is the main content of potted tomato planting technology, and what fertilizer is used for potted tomatoes. To learn more about potted tomato planting management methods, please check other related articles on the website.