Cai Wenji's father, Cai Yong, was a famous litterateur and calligrapher at that time. He was also good at astronomy

Mathematics and theory, and his wonderful interpretation of music. He was Cao Cao's close friend and teacher. Born in such a family, Cai Wenji has been influenced by her since she was a child. She is not only knowledgeable and literary, but also good at poetry and poetry, as well as eloquence and music. Cai Wenji took Ban Zhao as her idol since she was a child, so she paid attention to classics and read classics and history since she was a child. He also aspired to continue to revise the Han Dynasty with his father and leave his name in history. Unfortunately, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the society was in turmoil. Cai Wenji was kidnapped to the Southern Huns and married to the powerful Xiongnu King Zuoxian. She suffered the pain of living in a foreign land and a foreign custom before having children. Twelve years later, Cao Cao unified the north. Thinking of the teachings given to him by his mentor Cai Yong, Cao Cao paid a large sum of money to redeem Cai Wenji. After Wenji returned to the Han Dynasty, she married Dong Si and left behind the touching "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" and "Poems of Sorrow and Indignation". "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation" is the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem in the history of Chinese poetry. Cai Wenji's life is miserable. "Returning to her hometown" and "reuniting mother and son" are both beautiful things. Everyone should enjoy them, but she cannot have both. Cai Wenji is indeed very talented. In a casual conversation, Cao Cao expressed his envy of the original collection of books in Cai Wenji's home. When Cai Wenji told him that all the 4,000 volumes of books stored in his home had been lost after several wars, Cao Cao expressed deep disappointment. When he heard that Cai Wenji could recite 400 volumes, he was overjoyed, so Cai Wenji wrote them from memory. Four hundred articles were published, all of which were error-free, which shows Cai Wenji's high talent. Cao Cao brought Cai Wenji back and did a good thing in preserving ancient culture. Historically, "Wen Ji returned to the Han Dynasty" has been a good story. Cai Wenji

Edit the life of this paragraph

Growth

Cai Wenji was born in Chenliu (now Qixian County, Kaifeng, Henan) in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Her father was a celebrity at the time. Cai Yong. Cai Yong was a great writer and calligrapher. Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty said of him: "Cai Yong's calligraphy is as insightful and refreshing as if it has divine power." Contemporary historian Fan Wenlan said: "TV drama stills (Ju Xue Decoration)

The art of writing in the Han Dynasty reached its highest level when Cai Yong wrote stone scriptures. "His writing is neat but not rigid, quiet and lively. In addition to "Jiaping Stone Classic", it is said that "Cao'e Stele" was also written by him. The composition is natural, the writing is vigorous, the knots are ups and downs, and there is no meaning of beauty, but a simple and innocent interest. Cai Wenji was born in such a family, and it was very natural that she was both knowledgeable and literary, good at poetry, and good at eloquence and music. It can be said that Cai Wenji had a happy childhood, but it was a pity that the changes in the current situation interrupted it. Such happiness. The corruption of the Eastern Han Dynasty government finally led to the Yellow Turban Uprising, which expanded the local power represented by powerful landlords. After the general He Jin was killed by the eunuch Shi Chang, Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and other He Jin troops executed all ten of the eunuchs in Luoyang. After Dong Zhuo came to Beijing, in order to consolidate his rule, he deliberately won over Cai Yong, who was well-known in Beijing, and brought him together. He was promoted to three levels in a row, and he had three weekly calendars in three days. He was worshiped as Zhonglang General, and later he was even granted the title of Marquis of Gaoyang. Dong Zhuo's rebellion in the court aroused the joint opposition of various local forces. Dong Zhuo burned Luoyang and moved the capital to Chang'an. Dong Zhuo was killed by Lu Bu. Cai Yong was also sent to the court to be punished. Cai Yong asked for his head to be tattooed and his feet to be cut off in order to complete the History of the Han Dynasty. The scholar-bureaucrats also showed pity and saved him. The Ma Ri Monument even said: "Bo Zhe is the most talented person in the world, so he will be punished." Is it disappointing?" But he was inevitably killed, and in vain he left many topics for discussion. He was said to be "the same as Sanlu in literature, and the same as Qi in Qi." In terms of literature, he was compared to Qu Yuan, and in terms of filial piety. Of course, Zeng Shen and Qian Ziqian also spoke ill of each other.

Marrying far away

Cai Wenji married for the first time, to the Wei family in Hedong. Her husband Wei Zhongdao was an outstanding scholar in the university. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. In less than a year, she married. Wei Zhongdao died of hemoptysis. The two had no children, and Cai Wenji was disliked by the Wei family, who thought she had "killed her husband." Cai Wenji, who was young and arrogant at the time, could not bear such a look. She ignored her father's objections and returned angrily. Home. After Dong Zhuo's death, his general Li Jue and others captured Chang'an, and the warlords fought in a melee

The situation of Cai Wenji (11 photos) in the villain's book finally took shape. The Qiang and Hu Fan soldiers took the opportunity to plunder the Central Plains. "The people in the middle of the country were weak and the incoming troops were all Hu and Qiang. They hunted and besieged the cities and destroyed them everywhere. A man's head was hung on the side of the horse, and a woman was carried on the back of the horse. They drove into Shuo Desert and returned. "Dangerous and obstructive." Cai Wenji and many captive women were taken to the southern Xiongnu. This state of mind is imaginable. When Xijun and Jieyou married King Wusun, and Wang Zhaojun married Huhanxie, they finally occupied their status in a glorious way. However, because they were far away from home, they felt infinite desolation. , not to mention Cai Wenji was still kidnapped! Suffering from the humiliation and whipping of the Japanese soldiers, she walked step by step towards a vague and unknown future. She was twenty-three years old this year and had been away for twelve years. During these twelve years, she was married to the strong-backed King Zuoxian of the Xiongnu, and suffered the pain of living in a foreign country and a foreign custom. Of course she also gave birth to two sons for King Zuoxian. She also learned to play "Hujia" and learned some foreign languages. Statue

In these twelve years, Cao Cao has basically defeated the heroes in the north and welcomed Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty from Chang'an to Xuchang, and later moved to Luoyang. Cao Cao became prime minister and held the emperor hostage to order the princes.

Once a person can take a breath, he can think of all the past, especially when he is satisfied. In these memories, he thinks of the teachings given to him by his teacher Cai Yong when he was a boy. When he learned about Cai Yong's When his daughter was taken to the southern Xiongnu, he immediately sent Zhou Jin as an envoy, carrying a thousand taels of gold and a pair of white walls to redeem her. It was painful for Cai Wenji to be kidnapped for many years. Now that she has to end her twelve years of mutton meat and cheese pulp, and leave King Zuo Xian who loves her so much, and her two innocent sons, she can't tell whether she is sad or happy. She felt her heart was broken and her tears were pouring down like rain. Under the urging of the Han envoy, she boarded the car in a trance and drove away. As the wheels turned, twelve years of life poured into her heart bit by bit, leaving behind The touching "Eighteen Beats of Hujia". After Cai Wenji's death, the Southern Huns rolled reed leaves and played bamboo pipes every moonlit night, making plaintive sounds and imitating Cai Wenji's "Eighteen Beats of Hujia", which became an enduring local tune. It is also very popular for people in the Central Plains to play "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" with Huqin and Zheng. It is said that this custom in the Central Plains started from her last husband Dong Si. Cai Nu used to make the sound of Hujia, and she could beat it with ten beats every time; the Hu people shed tears and touched the grass, and the Han envoys broke their hearts to the returning guests. Li Qi, a native of the Tang Dynasty, expressed such emotion. Cai Wenji is miserable. "Returning to her hometown" and "reuniting mother and son" are both beautiful things. Everyone should enjoy them, but she cannot have both. Cai Wenji returned to her hometown of Chenliu County under the protection of Zhou Jin, but the walls were ruined and there was no place to live. Under the arrangement of Cao Cao, she married Tian Xiaowei Dong Si. She was thirty-five years old in 208 AD. The famous "Battle of Red Cliff" broke out.

Dong Si pleads for mercy

Original text Chen Liu Dong Si’s wife was the daughter of Cai Yong from the same county. Her name was Yan and her courtesy name was Wen Ji. Erudite, talented in debate, and good at music. It is suitable for Wei Zhongdao in the east of Hehe River. The husband died without any children, so he returned to his home. During the period of prosperity and peace, the world was in chaos. Wen Ji was captured by Hu Qi and was killed by King Zuoxian of the Southern Xiongnu. In the twelfth year of Hu Zhong's reign, she gave birth to two sons. Cao Cao was fond of Yong Shan because he had no heirs, so he sent an envoy to redeem him with a gold jade and remarry him to Si. He was enshrined as the Commander-in-Chief of Tuntian, and he was punished by death for breaking the law. Wen Ji went to Cao Cao to ask for her. At that time, the hall was filled with celebrities and distinguished people from far away, and the post was filled with people who were holding a statue of Cai Yan

[1] He said to the guests, "Uncle Cai's daughter is outside, and now you can see her." When Ji Wen came in, Peng Peng The first disciple walked, kowtowed to plead guilty, the pronunciation and words were clear and clear, and the purpose was very sad and sad, and everyone wanted to change their appearance. Cao Cao said: "We are sincere and sincere, but the document has gone away, what can we do?" Wen Ji said: "In the Ming Dynasty, there are tens of thousands of horses in the Duke's stables, and there are forests of tigers and warriors. Why would it be a pity to ride with a quick foot and not help the dying man?" Cao Cao felt that he was in trouble! To say so is to pursue the crime of the original sacrifice. It's cold, so give them a headscarf and socks. Cao Yin asked: "I heard that Madam's family has many tombs, can you still remember them?" Wenji said: "In the past, my late father gave me four thousand volumes of books. I was displaced and no one survived. I am reciting and recalling them now." There are more than four hundred articles. "Cao said: "I will ask the ten officials to write it now." Wenji said: "I heard that there are differences between men and women, so I don't ask for paper and pen." So I just ordered it. Repair the book and send it to him, and the text will be correct. Afterwards, he was sad and separated, and in memory of his grief and anger, he composed two chapters of poetry. The rough fate seemed to follow this poor orphan girl without letting up. In the second year after her marriage, her husband, whom she relied on, committed a crime and deserved death. She ignored the discord and went to Cao Cao's prime minister's house to plead for mercy. Cao Cao was having a banquet with guests. The hall was full of officials, officials, and envoys from all walks of life. Cao Cao heard that Cai Wenji asked for an audience, and said to those present: "Cai Bokai's daughter is out there, and everyone has heard of her talent. Now I want to see her." !" Cai Wenji walked into the hall, knelt down, and explained the reason in a sad tone. The guests were all surprised. Cao Cao said, "The matter is indeed worthy of sympathy, but the document has been gone, what can be done about it?" He said: "Ming Gong has thousands of horses in his stable, and there is a forest of tigers and warriors. Why not regret that a quick ride will not save your dying life?" After that, he kowtowed again. Cao Cao thought about his friendship with Cai Yong in the past, and also thought about Cai Wenji's tragic life experience. If Dong Si was executed, Wenji would be unable to survive, so he immediately sent people to recover the document and forgive her crime. Cai Wenji married Dong Si after returning from Shuomo. The couple's life was not very harmonious at first. As far as Cai Wenji is concerned, she has suffered from turmoil and sorrow, and is already in ruins. In addition, she misses her two sons in Hu Di, and she is often in a trance. Dong Si is in the prime of his life, and he is a talented person. He is familiar with history and music. He is a person who thinks very highly of himself, and naturally has some helpless feelings of inadequacy towards Cai Wenji. However, due to the instructions of the prime minister, he has no choice but to accept Cai Wenji without difficulty.

She, Dong Si, deserves death for committing a crime. Isn't it the result of her rebellious behavior in an unsatisfactory marriage? Of course Cai Wenji understood the truth, so she worked hard to exonerate her husband. Finally, she used her father's relationship to arouse Cao Cao's compassion and saved Dong Si's life. From then on, Dong Si was grateful for his wife's kindness and made a 180-degree turn in his relationship. He began to re-evaluate Cai Wenji. of the foothills. Several years later, Cao Cao passed by here while hunting and even went to visit. According to legend, when Cai Wenji interceded for Dong Si, Cao Cao saw that Cai Wenji was bareheaded in the severe winter. He couldn't bear it and ordered someone to take a turban, shoes and socks to put on for her, so that she could stay there until Dong Si returned. Live in your own home. Cao Cao's literature also inspired the past and inspired the present. Such people especially love books, especially rare books. In a chat, Cao Cao expressed his envy of the original collection of books in Cai Wenji's home.

When Cai Wenji told him that the four thousand volumes of books originally hidden in his home had been lost after several wars, Cao Cao showed deep disappointment. When he heard that Cai Wenji could recite four hundred chapters, he was overjoyed and immediately said: " In this case, how about ordering ten scribes to go to your residence to copy it?" Cai Wenji panicked and replied: "I heard that there are differences between men and women, and I don't accept marriage with courtesy. Four hundred articles, all written without errors, satisfied Cao Cao's curiosity and also showed Cai Wenji's talent. Wen Ji married three times in her life, and her fate was bumpy. Ding Gong described her marriage in "Cai Bo's Song of Women": The daughter of Yi Dazong was naturally blessed by the gods; in the 28th year of her life, she wore the beauty of Deng Lin. The six columns of the Ming Dynasty are still up to the mark, and they obey the language of female historians; only after reading the clear instructions of the court can they understand clearly and understand the clouds. On the rosy moon of the third spring, it will return to the sky; dragging the light clothes of elixir and wearing the golden and green pearls. I am envious of the prosperity and prosperity, but I am saddened by the frost and frost. How can I look forward to growing old together, and we will be happy in the remaining years.

Erudite and talented

Wenji is erudite and talented, and her musical talent has been extraordinary since she was a child. When she was 6 years old, she heard her father playing the piano in the hall, and she could hear her father's first song through the wall. The sound of a string snapping. His father was surprised and deliberately broke the fourth string, but she pointed it out again. When she grew up, she became a musical genius. She missed her homeland day and night in the Hu region. After returning to the Han Dynasty, she referred to the tones of the Hu people and combined it with her own tragic experience to compose the sad, melancholy and heart-breaking music piece "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia". After marrying Dong Si, she was sentimental and confused and composed "Sorrow and Anger". "Poetry" is the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem in the history of Chinese poetry.

Wen Ji returns to the Han Dynasty

After Cao Cao's defeat in Chibi, after several years of reorganization, he regained his military power and proclaimed himself the Duke of Wei. In 216 AD, he was promoted to King of Wei (the capital was Yecheng). His prestige in the north was so high that even the Huchuquan Chanyu of the southern Xiongnu came to Yecheng to congratulate him. Cao Cao left Huchuquan Shanyu in Yecheng, treated him like a distinguished guest, and asked King Youxian of the Xiongnu to go back and supervise the country for Shanyu. The relationship between the Southern Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty was reconciled. Cao Cao remembered that one of his dead friends Cai Yong (sound yong) had a daughter who was still in the southern Huns and wanted to take her back. Cai Yong was a famous scholar in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In his early years, he offended the eunuchs and was exiled to Shuofang (in the north of today's Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia). When Dong Zhuo came to power, Cai Yong had returned to Luoyang. At that time, Dong Zhuo was trying to win over people's hearts. When he heard that Cai Yong was famous, he invited him here and made him an official. He respected him very much and was promoted to three levels in three days. Cai Yong felt that he was much better under Dong Zhuo than under Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty. When Dong Zhuo was killed, Cai Yong remembered that Dong Zhuo had treated him well and sighed. This angered Situ Wang Yun, thinking that he was a member of Dong Zhuo's party, and arrested him. Although many ministers in the court interceded on his behalf, Wang Yun still disagreed, and as a result, Cai Yong died in prison. Cai Yong's daughter's name is Cai Yan (pronounced yan), also known as Wenji. Like her father, she is a learned and talented person. After her father's death, another melee broke out between Li Jue and Guo Si in the Guanzhong area, and people in Chang'an fled everywhere. Cai Wenji also followed the refugees in exile. At that time, the Huns soldiers took advantage of the fire and robbed the people. One day, Cai Wenji met the Huns soldiers and was kidnapped by them. Seeing her youth and beauty, the Xiongnu soldiers dedicated her to King Zuoxian of the Xiongnu. After this, she became the wife of King Zuoxian, who loved her very much. She has lived in the Southern Huns for twelve years. Although she is used to the life of the Huns, she still misses her homeland very much. This time, Cao Cao thought of Cai Wenji, so he sent an envoy with gifts to the southern Xiongnu to bring her back. Of course, King Zuo Xian was reluctant to let Cai Wenji go, but he did not dare to go against Cao Cao's will, so he had to let Cai Wenji go back. Cai Wenji was of course very willing to return to her homeland that she missed day and night; but she felt sad to leave the children she gave birth to in the Huns. In this contradictory mood, she wrote the famous poem "Eighteen Beats of Hujia". When Cai Wenji arrived in Yecheng, Cao Cao saw that she was all alone, so he married her to Dong Si, the military commander of the field. Little did they know that not long after, Dong Si broke the law and was arrested by Cao Cao's men. He was sentenced to death and was about to be executed. Cai Wenji was so anxious that she quickly ran to Prince Wei's palace to plead for mercy. It happened that Cao Cao was holding a banquet. Some ministers, celebrities and scholars from the imperial court gathered in the palace of King Wei. The attendant reported Cai Wenji's request for an audience to Cao Cao. Cao Cao knew that many of the ministers and celebrities present were acquainted with Cai Yong, so he said to everyone: "Cai Yong's daughter has been living abroad for many years, and she is back this time. How about letting her come and meet you today?" Everyone Of course they expressed their willingness to meet. Cao Cao ordered his attendants to bring Cai Wenji in. Cai Wenji, with her hair disheveled and her feet bare, knelt in front of Cao Cao as soon as she came in and apologized for her husband. Her voice was clear and her words were very sad. Many of the people present were friends of Cai Yong. Seeing Cai Wenji's sadness, they couldn't help but think of Cai Yong, and were so moved that their noses were sore. After hearing her complaint, Cao Cao said: "The situation you mentioned is indeed worthy of sympathy, but the document of conviction has been sent out. What can be done?" Cai Wenji complained bitterly: "There are tens of thousands of horses in the king's stable. "The warriors under your command are as numerous as a forest. As long as you send a warrior and a fast horse to recover the document, Dong Si will be saved." Cao Cao personally approved the pardon order, sent a cavalry to catch up, and announced that he was exempted. Dong Si was sentenced to death. At that time, it was just nine cold days. Cao Cao saw that she was wearing thin clothes, so he gave her a headscarf and a pair of shoes and socks and told her to wear them.

Cao Cao asked her: "I heard that my wife's family has many books and manuscripts, are they still preserved?" Cai Wenji said with emotion: "My father gave me more than 4,000 volumes of books during his lifetime, but after the chaos, not a single volume was left. Come down. But I can still recite more than 400 articles." Cao Cao heard that she could recite so many articles and said, "I want to send ten people to Madam's house and ask them to write down the articles you recited. How about it?" Cai Wenji said, "No need. As long as the king gives me some paper and pen, I will write it down when I get home." Cai Wenji later found out that she had memorized hundreds of articles. Write it down silently and give it to Cao Cao. Cao Cao saw it and was very satisfied. Cao Cao brought Cai Wenji back and did a good thing in preserving ancient culture. Historically, "Wen Ji returned to the Han Dynasty" has been a good story. The so-called "Cai Wenji was humiliated and imprisoned in the court, and gave birth to a beard. She has more than enough words but not enough temperance, which is another matter." Those who are talking are pure nonsense! At that time, during the Han, Wei, and Jin dynasties, people's hearts were toward the ancients. Marriage did not need to be bound by Zhu Xi's three obediences and four virtues, let alone the ancients' reputation for integrity. The so-called rhetoric of moral integrity has been raging since the rise of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties. It has trapped the Chinese people in a dead end, and it is increasingly difficult to make progress! Is this useful to the country and the family? What a great sin it was for Zhu Xi to ruin the country's reputation for thousands of years just by saying something to one family. However, those who still relish his words without knowing it are doing such a tragic thing. I was touched by Jie Lie's theory and I didn't know what to say.

Edit this paragraph of personal works

In addition to "Eighteen Beats of Hujia", Cai Wenji's handed down works also include "Poem of Sorrow and Indignation", which is known as the first literary creation in the history of Chinese poetry. An autobiographical five-character long narrative poem. "The true feelings of "Eighteen Beats of Hujia"

are naturally written", passionate and poignant, and unique in Jian'an poetry.