2. Pruning in summer: Pruning is generally carried out after fruit picking. Pruning at this stage can promote the early emergence of summer shoots and cultivate new fruiting branches. Pruning should be done as soon as possible at this time, and it should be completed within 10- 15 days after fruit picking, and the pruning degree should be light. Late-maturing varieties are best pruned after picking fruits. Pruning too late or too heavy can not stop summer shoots in time, and a large number of new buds germinate, consuming a lot of nutrients, affecting the formation and differentiation of flower buds in autumn and winter, and delaying flowering. If you encounter low temperature weather, it will directly affect flowering and fruiting, resulting in the next year's loquat production reduction and no harvest.
3. Autumn pruning: This period is the germination period of loquat. Pruning in this period is to adjust the ratio of fruiting branches to vegetative branches, solve the contradiction between reproductive growth and vegetative growth, accumulate nutrients, promote the development of fruiting branches and improve the fruit setting rate. Pruning in this period should be carried out according to the situation of loquat trees and the loosening of flowers and buds. Generally, it is necessary to prune loquat buds according to the amount of flowers when they first bloom, and the time is mostly in September-165438+1October.
Question 2: When is the loquat tree suitable? Originated in the subtropical zone, it needs high temperature, and the average annual temperature is above 12℃ to grow normally. However, the average annual temperature of loquat trees cultivated and domesticated in northern Jiangsu is-10 ~ 30℃, which can be planted in areas without particularly cold weather.
Loquat is different from most fruit trees. It blooms in autumn or early winter, and its fruit matures in spring to early summer, earlier than other fruits, so it is called "the only fruit tree with four seasons".
In most northern areas such as Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, there will be severe cold weather in winter. Unless it has been domesticated in Dafeng and Suqian Shuyang loquat bases in Yancheng, northern Jiangsu, it is not suitable for planting loquat trees. After excessive low temperature in northern Jiangsu, it was transplanted to the north, with excellent cold tolerance, high survival rate and basically no dead seedlings.
Planting method:
First, apply fruit fertilizer.
After loquat matures, the nutritional level of the tree is relatively low, so it is necessary to apply sufficient fertilizer in time after fruit picking, and it is required to apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and the amount of fertilization should account for about 50% of the whole year. Especially in high-yield orchards, the amount of fertilization should be increased, and farm manure 1000- 1500 kg, quick-acting compound fertilizer 50 kg and cake fertilizer 100- 150 kg can be applied per mu.
Fertilization should be applied in circular furrow with the crown dripping water as the boundary, and it must be completed one week after fruit picking, and irrigation should be done in time to facilitate the root system to absorb nutrients and promote the early germination of summer shoots.
Second, summer pruning
Summer pruning must be based on ventilation and light transmission to enhance the tree potential. Prune cross branches, overlapping branches, diseased branches and dead branches. For the fruiting branches, they should be shortened: the weak fruiting branches should be updated, and 1-2 branches should be left for the sprouted spring shoots, and too many weak branches should be removed; For long branches, thinning should be carried out according to the spatial interval of crown, and short sections or branches should be kept; For the main branches with large wounds, the wounds should be smeared with sulfur mixture in time to prevent the wounds from being infected with germs and affecting the growth of trees.
Third, pest control.
The main pests and diseases are more common during the germination of summer shoots and the formation of fruiting mother branches.
The hazards include red spider, yellow spider, tail worm, yellow caterpillar, longicorn beetle, loquat gray butterfly, pear moth, branch rot, leaf spot and so on.
Leaf diseases should strengthen fertilizer and water management, improve irrigation and drainage facilities, and improve the disease resistance of trees. When it is hot and rainy in summer, spraying 30% Aimiao 3000 times solution +2% KaSu Ming 300 times solution on the leaves to control leaf spot and anthracnose, and using 2.5% force or 2000-3000 times solution to control pests. Make paste with 1:2 crown fungus copper and Lufeng 95, and smear the trunk 1 time every 4-5 days for 3 times continuously to prevent and control branch rot. April-May and August-165438+1October are the peak periods of occurrence of red spiders and yellow spiders, and 1.8% easy-cutting emulsifiable concentrate or 40% bitter dragon 1500 times solution is used for control.
Tailworm occurs twice a year, and its larvae live in groups and can be killed artificially. Use 2.5% effort or attack 2000-3000 times of liquid to control yellow caterpillars. From mid-June to August, longicorn beetles laid eggs on the basic surface of this technology. After spawning, the branches are in a "Sichuan" shape, and the eggs are just laid by hand. If the larvae have eaten into the branches, inject 50- 100 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate into the branches with a syringe and plug the holes with clay. Before bagging young fruits, spray 2.5% kung fu or 2,000-3,000 times of liquid, or use brown sugar 1 part, vinegar 2 parts, water 10-20 parts, add a small amount of white wine and 90% trichlorfon crystals to make sweet and sour liquid for trapping and killing, so as to prevent and control gray butterfly and pear moth. Moths can use the phototaxis of adults to install frequency vibration or insecticidal lamps in parks to trap and kill adults.
Question 3: How to prune loquat trees, which branches should be pruned, and whether the branches that have just borne loquat should be pruned? 50 points loquat is an evergreen fruit tree, and branches are pumped 3 ~ 4 times a year; Flowers bloom in autumn and winter, and fruits are harvested in late spring and early summer. Therefore, young trees without fruit can be pruned before the next new shoot picking, especially before the spring shoot picking and the summer shoot picking. Because adult trees have blossomed and borne fruit, they are usually pruned immediately after harvest until summer shoots are taken out. If there are too many fruits in spring, there will be fewer spring shoots. At the same time, because the fruits are hung on trees, it is not advisable to prune them too much.
Summer pruning after loquat harvest is the most important pruning, which should be done sooner rather than later. Moreover, with pruning, it is hoped that a large number of regenerated branches will be produced and re-fertilized after harvest. Summer branch is the most important branch of loquat tree in a year. Adult trees should be born prematurely, stop early and form flower buds early, so they need to be pruned early and pruned properly.
Pruning techniques include sprouting, thinning or short cutting dense branches, pruning of fruiting branches and after fruiting branches, pruning of over branches, etc. The specific requirements are:
(1) sparse and dense branches. Loquat often has 3 ~ 5 lateral branches sprouting from lateral buds, leaving only 1 ~ 2 thick lateral branches, and other twigs are sparse.
② Cut off the crossed branches. Two branches cross, which is harmful to growth. Cut off one.
③ Parallel branches are truncated or deleted. Two or more 3-4-year-old branches are juxtaposed, resulting in local density, and one of them is truncated or deleted.
4 Prune long branches. The long branches on the big branches should be cut off from the base. If the tree shape is not disturbed, it can be truncated to promote it to send out new branches from the base and cultivate the bearing mother branches.
(5) Fruiting branches and fruiting mother branches. Pruning is generally not allowed. In this way, after the branches are picked, new buds can be pulled out from the base, which leads to heading and flowering. But some weak branches can be cut off from the base.
Summary: That's all about how to prune loquat trees and the pruning techniques of loquat trees. I hope these contents are helpful to everyone. Loquat crown growth law, distinct levels, generally can form a neat cone shape, and gradually become a round head shape after the results. However, if it is not reshaped, the crown is often too high and too dense, which is inconvenient to manage. As a result, some of them are confined to the periphery, flowers and fruits are vulnerable to freezing and sunburn, and the economic output is low. Therefore, fruit farmers who plant loquat trees must pay attention to the pruning technology of loquat trees in order to obtain high yield.
Question 4: When is the best pruning time for loquat trees? The most suitable pruning time of loquat is September-65438+1October, that is, it is better to prune before the flower bud differentiation ends and the bud stage comes.
Question 5: How to prune loquat trees? If you appreciate it, you can trim it according to your own wishes. If it is fruit, you can cut off the branches at the top of the trunk to make the crown grow bigger. Of course, it depends on how big your tree is.
Question 6: What will happen to loquat trees without pruning? 1, branches grow out of order;
2. The dispersion of nutrition affects the growth of fruit branches, thus affecting the quality and quantity of fruits.
Question 7: When will loquat be transplanted before budding in early spring? At this time, the plant is still in a dormant state, and it will transition to the growth period after spring warmth. Therefore, the survival rate is the highest after transplanting in late winter and early spring.
Loquat tree, alias: Lu Zhi Jinwan Loquat, Latin scientific name: Loquat. )Lindl。 Small evergreen trees of Rosaceae and Loquat, with thick yellowish brown, dense rust-colored or grayish brown hairs. Leaf blade leathery, lanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate or oblong; Flowering 10- 12, fruiting in May-June. Originated in the subtropical zone, it is widely cultivated everywhere. In the west, drought tolerance does not require high soil, and is often used for garden viewing; Loquat, a plant fruit, has the effect of treating lung dryness and cough.
cultivation techniques
Apply fruit fertilizer
After loquat matures, the nutritional level of the tree is relatively low, so it is necessary to apply sufficient fertilizer in time after fruit picking, and it is required to apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and the amount of fertilization should account for about 50% of the whole year. Especially in high-yield orchards, it is necessary to increase the amount of fertilization, which can be applied per mu 1000- 1500.
loquat
Kg, 50 kg of quick-acting compound fertilizer, cake fertilizer 100- 150 kg.
Fertilization should be applied in circular furrow with the crown dripping water as the boundary, and it must be completed one week after fruit picking, and irrigation should be done in time to facilitate the root system to absorb nutrients and promote the early germination of summer shoots.
Second, summer pruning
Summer pruning must be based on ventilation and light transmission to enhance the tree potential. Prune cross branches, overlapping branches, diseased branches and dead branches. For the fruiting branches, they should be shortened: the weak fruiting branches should be updated, and 1-2 branches should be left for the sprouted spring shoots, and too many weak branches should be removed; For long branches, thinning should be carried out according to the spatial interval of crown, and short sections or branches should be kept; For the main branches with large wounds, the wounds should be smeared with sulfur mixture in time to prevent the wounds from being infected with germs and affecting the growth of trees.
Third, pest control.
During the emergence of summer shoots and the formation of fruiting branches, the main common pests and diseases are red spider, yellow spider, tail worm, yellow caterpillar, longicorn beetle, loquat gray butterfly, pear moth, branch rot and leaf spot.
Leaf diseases should strengthen fertilizer and water management, improve irrigation and drainage facilities, and improve the disease resistance of trees. When it is hot and rainy in summer, spraying 30% Aimiao 3000 times solution +2% KaSu Ming 300 times solution on the leaves to control leaf spot and anthracnose, and using 2.5% force or 2000-3000 times solution to control pests. Make paste with 1:2 crown fungus copper and Lufeng 95, and smear the trunk 1 time every 4-5 days for 3 times continuously to prevent and control branch rot. April-May and August-165438+1October are the peak periods of occurrence of red spiders and yellow spiders, and 1.8% easy-cutting emulsifiable concentrate or 40% bitter dragon 1500 times solution is used for control.
Tailworm occurs twice a year, and its larvae live in groups and can be killed artificially. Use 2.5% effort or attack 2000-3000 times of liquid to control yellow caterpillars. From mid-June to August, longicorn beetles laid eggs on the basic surface of this technology. After spawning, the branches are in a "Sichuan" shape, and the eggs are just laid by hand. If the larvae have eaten into the branches, inject 50- 100 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate into the branches with a syringe and plug the holes with clay. Before bagging young fruits, spray 2.5% kung fu or 2,000-3,000 times of liquid, or use brown sugar 1 part, vinegar 2 parts, water 10-20 parts, add a small amount of white wine and 90% trichlorfon crystals to make sweet and sour liquid for trapping and killing, so as to prevent and control gray butterfly and pear moth. Moths can use the phototaxis of adults to install frequency vibration or insecticidal lamps in parks to trap and kill adults.
Question 8: How to maintain and plant loquat trees: Loquat has low requirements on the environment, and can be planted on flat land, mountain land, sandy land and sticky land, but sandy loam with PH value between 5.5 and 6.5 is still the best. When building the garden, it is necessary to plan the transportation and irrigation facilities in the orchard to lay the foundation for producing high-quality loquat.
Fertilizer and water management: the principle of thin application and diligent application should be adopted in fertilization of loquat young trees. Spraying Zhuhuawang 2 after survival can transform the vegetative growth function of plants into reproductive function, inhibit the overgrowth of main shoots, promote flower bud differentiation, blossom more, promote pollen fertilization, set more fruits and promote development. Adult trees are sprayed with Zhuangguodiling to improve nutrient transport. Combined with spraying "transparent clothing for fruit and vegetable health care" (demonstration households are recruiting, please visit China Plant Protection Network for details), it can play the role of liquid film bagging, without affecting fruit respiration, preventing fruit rust cracking, improving fruit surface coloring and brightness, reducing residual poison and improving quality. The fruit has bright colors, beautiful appearance and good taste.
Pruning: Young trees are generally not pruned during the pruning period, which can produce more branches. Except for keeping the main branch growing at a predetermined angle, all other branches were twisted and cut in a ring shape when the new branches stopped growing in July. Pull the non-main branches of the central trunk horizontally to promote early flowering, and properly remove the over-dense branches in the second and third years. Adult trees are being pruned; The main purpose is to remove dense branches, twigs, pests and diseases in order to improve the illumination, retract the central trunk of the plant that is too high, let the head fall happily, retract some main branches that have already moved out, so that there is not too much cross between plants, and remove the fruit axis of fruit piles or fruiting branches, thus promoting summer shoots and achieving the goal of high yield year after year. Stick anti-corrosion film on the trimming mouth to promote wound healing.
Pest control: the main disease is cancer, and the main pests are yellow caterpillar and ship moth. Spray a variety of targeted drugs in turn to avoid drug resistance. A new high-fat film is added to the medicine to enhance the prevention and treatment effect.
Question 9: The cultivation points of Dawuxing loquat should be popularized in a large area. It is suggested that the planting area should be 3× 1.5m, and the small crown should be used for thinning and pruning in layers, with 3 layers of main branches. The height of the tree shall be controlled within 2.5m, and the ventilation and light transmission zone of 0.8- 1m shall be maintained between rows. Young trees were sprayed with 1 300 ~ 500 times 15% paclobutrazol to control shoots and promote flowers in late June and mid-July respectively. Spraying 20mg/LG a3(920) 1 time in the middle of1October of 65438 and1October of 65438 respectively to protect the fruit. When the diameter of young fruit was 1cm in February, the seeds were soaked with 100mg/L pyrazosulfamide CPPV 1 time and soaked twice in early March, which could significantly increase the fruit. In early March, combined with pruning and fruit thinning in spring and bagging after fruit thinning, in order to ensure the production of high-quality loquat with large fruit, the yield per 667 square meters should be controlled within 1000kg. After germination in 1 year, topdressing 1 time every 15-20 days, and topdressing 1 time in February, April, June and June of the following year. After the third year of the close planting garden, the fertilizer is applied three times a year, and the strong fruit fertilizer is applied in the middle and late February. Every 667m2, 30kg of urea, 30kg of calcium superphosphate 15kg, 30kg of potassium sulfate and 30kg of human and animal manure 1500kg are applied. In late May (after fruit picking), apply summer bamboo shoot fertilizer, with 50 kilograms of urea, 60 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 2000-3000 kilograms of organic fertilizer (pig manure water) per 667 square meters. Apply fruit fertilizer in late September. Every 667 square meters of urea 15 kg, clear water fertilizer 1500 kg.
Question 10: Will it affect the people behind me if I plant two big loquat trees in the backyard of 40 square meters? And it is very close to the boundary behind the fence. What should I do? 15 points Loquat trees are generally 3 to 4 meters high. When you grow up, it will definitely affect you. You can trim it, cut it short to the outer branches, and control it not to reach the outer branches.