Compared with other management systems, the management scope and objects of occupational health and safety management system are different, which involves the health and safety interests of employees. Therefore, it is more necessary to carry out all kinds of work systematically and solidly, especially to identify the hazards in various activities, which is a basic work.
Taking hazard identification as the basis and focus of occupational health and safety management, its purpose is to make all kinds of hazards in the organization pay attention to cognition through this continuous activity and means, and make the basis for formulating and implementing various measures more clear. In the process of effectively developing the occupational health and safety management system, the organization must put forward a risk control plan, formulate occupational health and safety objectives and management plans around the identification and risk assessment of hazard sources, implement and execute control procedures as required, check and implement the completion, and gradually implement them according to the elements of the occupational health and safety management system.
The adequacy of hazard identification and the accuracy and rationality of risk assessment are important factors affecting the performance of occupational health and safety management. Only by identifying and evaluating the risks in all aspects of occupational health and safety management can we control them in a targeted manner, thus reducing the occurrence of accidents. It can be said that hazard identification and risk assessment are the basis of the occupational health and safety management system, which has succeeded by one third.
In the process of establishing, implementing and maintaining the occupational health and safety management system, clear requirements are put forward for the control of hazards and their risks and opportunities closely related to the organization.
In the requirements of ISO 4500 1:20 18 occupational health and safety management system and user's guide, the specific requirements for hazard identification (clause 6. 1.2. 1 hazard identification) are as follows:
The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a continuous and proactive hazard identification process. This process must consider (but not be limited to):
a.？ How to organize work, social factors (including workload, working hours, deception, harassment and oppression), leadership and organizational culture;
B. Conventional and unconventional activities and conditions, including risks arising from:
1) Infrastructure, equipment, raw materials, materials and the physical environment of the workplace;
2) Design, research, development, testing, production, assembly, construction, delivery, maintenance or disposal of products and services;
3) Human factors;
4) How to carry out the work.
C related events (including emergencies) that occurred inside or outside the organization in the past and their causes;
D. potential emergencies;
E. personnel, including consideration of:
F other issues, including consideration of:
1) Design of work areas, processes, devices, machines and/or equipment, operating procedures and work organization, including their adaptability to the needs and abilities of relevant employees;
2) The situation around the workplace caused by work-related activities under the control of the organization;
3) It occurs near the workplace and is out of the control of the organization, which may cause injury and health damage to the personnel in the workplace;
G actual or proposed changes in the organization, operation, process, activities and occupational health and safety management system;
E. changes in hazard sources and related information and knowledge.
In order to realize the systematization of hazard identification, it is necessary to adopt the method of hazard identification that can realize systematization. Because of the different characteristics of equipment, facilities, materials, workplace environment, personnel and technology involved in organizing workplaces, and the different states of these elements in different life cycle periods, organizations should choose appropriate hazard identification methods for each element in their life cycle.
In order to realize the hazard identification of this system, people have developed many methods, such as:
These methods are applicable to different stages of the system life cycle:
These methods are suitable for different working scenarios:
In addition, the intuitive experience method can also be used, which is suitable for the process of hazard identification with reference precedents and past experience. However, it is difficult to use in a new system without precedent. Intuitive empirical method, such as empirical method, is commonly used in identification. Its advantage is simple and easy to operate, but its disadvantage is that it may be omitted because of the knowledge, experience and information possessed by the appraiser.
Each method has its own characteristics, scope of application and limitations. ?1standard does not specify which method to use. The organization should choose appropriate methods according to the characteristics of its products and services, and if there are industry regulations, they should be implemented according to industry regulations. For example, for the chemical industry, the use of HAZOP method is encouraged. For general industries (such as machinery industry), JHA and LEC can be used in the safety checklist.
No matter which hazard identification method is adopted, it is necessary to ensure that the output information can provide complete, available and reliable information for subsequent risk assessment and planning control measures. For example, hazard identification result information should include complete accident causal chain information, and relevant information should be as specific and quantitative as possible.
Reasonable ideas and methods of hazard identification only lay the foundation for effective hazard identification. In order to achieve a good effect of hazard identification, it is necessary to select suitable and competent personnel for hazard identification. In the actual hazard identification work, appropriate team members should be selected to carry out the hazard identification work according to the system situation of hazard identification.
Thank you for reading.