During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the nonferrous metal industry focused on copper-nickel ore, tin-antimony-indium polymetallic, tungsten-molybdenum-bismuth polymetallic resources, carried out research and development of high-efficiency resource development technology and large-scale mining, dressing and smelting technology and equipment, and successfully developed safe and high-efficiency mining technology for underground mines with multi-disaster conditions and extra-large goaf environment; Efficient and economical separation technology of nickel-poor sulfide ore, tin-poor polymetallic ore and complex low-grade tungsten-molybdenum-bismuth polymetallic ore; A number of important new processes and technologies, such as molten pool smelting with oxygen-enriched top-blown submerged lance, medium-pressure synthesis of nickel carbonyl, zinc hydrometallurgy without iron slag to extract indium, direct Shui Ye of low-grade wolframite mixed concentrate and direct extraction of bismuth and molybdenum from molybdenum-bismuth concentrate, etc. Successfully developed 200 tons of large-scale electric wheels, large-scale open-pit mine excavators, large-scale underground scrapers, trucks and other large-scale mining equipment. The world's largest 12.2× 10.9m semi-autogenous mill and 7.9× 13.6m overflow ball mill, the world's largest 320m3 flotation machine, the largest φ4.5× 12m flotation column and φ1200× 45000. And in Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Guangxi Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd., Hunan Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Copper Group Co., Ltd., Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd., China Gold Group Co., Ltd. and other (special) large mining enterprises, a number of demonstration projects for comprehensive development and utilization of non-ferrous metals have been successfully built, and great economic benefits have been achieved.
2. Chemical industry
Scientific and technological progress supports healthy development, and large-scale backbone chemical mining enterprises have become the pioneers of scientific and technological progress in the industry. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, chemical mining enterprises, especially large-scale backbone enterprises, increased their investment in science and technology and achieved a number of scientific and technological achievements, which supported the healthy development of chemical mines. Yunlin Group has overcome the mineral processing problem of collophane, built a flotation workshop with an annual output of 4 million tons, and is building a flotation workshop with an annual output of 4.5 million tons. Yihua Group Mining Co., Ltd. successfully beneficiated dense medium and built a workshop with an annual output of 6.5438+0.2 million tons. Lin Kai Group uses phosphogypsum and waste residue to realize filling mining, Wengfu Group uses phosphogypsum to make bricks, and Hubei Shennongjia Mining Technology Co., Ltd. successfully uses low-grade phosphate rock to directly produce acid, thus realizing the exploitation of phosphate rock resources in China. Qinghai Salt Lake Group's reverse flotation-cold crystallization project with an annual output of 6.5438+0.2 million tons of potassium chloride, and Lop Nur's project with an annual output of 6.5438+0.2 million tons of potassium sulfate from potassium mixed salt have been completed and put into operation, which has improved the self-sufficiency rate of potassium fertilizer in China, especially the successful industrial test of Qinghai Salt Lake Group's low-grade solid potassium salt solution mining project, which has greatly improved the development and utilization level of salt lake resources in China and the guarantee level of potassium resources in China.
3. Gold industry
During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the gold industry actively carried out scientific and technological innovation, comprehensively promoted the comprehensive recovery of associated metal elements and the comprehensive development and utilization of tailings resources, and some mines reached the level of "eating dry and squeezing clean", which made the gold industry glow with new vitality.
Using the bio-oxidation gold extraction technology and raw ore roasting technology with independent intellectual property rights, more than 20 refractory gold extraction plants have been established in China, with an annual production capacity of more than 50 tons; China's low-grade gold mine development technology and comprehensive utilization technology of tailings resources have also made great progress, and a large number of resources that used to be regarded as waste rocks have been utilized. The grade of some mines has dropped to 0.2g/ ton. The breakthrough, popularization and application of new technologies have enabled the development and utilization of refractory metallurgical mineral resources, which account for about 40% of the national gold resources, and a large number of "dead mines" have become valuable resources.
4. Metallurgical industry
During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the national science and technology support projects related to metallurgy, safety and environmental protection in metallurgical mines include "Research on key technologies and equipment for mining and selecting complex metal mineral resources", "Development of complete sets of high-efficiency and energy-saving equipment for large mines", "Research on key technologies and equipment for efficient development of refractory metal mines" and "Development and demonstration application of key technologies for mine reclamation".
Among them, important progress has been made in related research topics. "Study on safe structure and reasonable thickness of overburden in open pit to underground mining" closely combines overburden thickness and appropriate fragmentation composition with mining technology and recovery index, which has important guiding significance for ore dilution loss control and overburden formation technology in engineering practice. "Research on New Technology of Large-scale Ramp Engineering in Quaternary Ultra-thick Quicksand Complex Stratum" Aiming at the technical problems of large-section ramp excavation in ultra-thick quicksand and strong aquifer, comprehensive new technologies such as high-pressure swing spraying construction of underground cutoff wall, short excavation, rapid support of positive steps, and one-time pouring of integral formwork lining trolley to form permanent support have been developed successively. The technical problem of excavation of large cross-section ramp in ultra-thick quicksand and strong aquifer has been successfully solved, and its research results have opened up the mine engineering construction of Quaternary ultra-thick special stratum in China. Research on "Development and Application of High-efficiency Coarse-grained Wet Magnetic Preselection Equipment", and finally independently developed high-efficiency CCTS 102 1 Coarse-grained Permanent Magnet Wet Magnetic Preselection Machine, which was successfully applied in Shandong Hualian, Shandong Liguanji, Shandong Laixin and other concentrator.
5. Non-metallic industry
Progress in mining technology of nonmetallic minerals. Some progress has been made in nonmetallic mining technology. Such as soft rock support and underground mining of kaolin; Hydraulic mining technology of kaolin open-pit mining sand mold ore: room and pillar underground mining technology of gypsum thick ore body: large area goaf treatment technology of gypsum underground mining; Transformation from open-pit mining of diamond rock pipe to underground mining technology. Underground mining technology of talc ore in soft ore body, separation, division and molding technology of marble granite facing stone mining; Mining technology of protective crystals such as flaky mica. These mining technologies have been successfully used in nonmetallic mines with different occurrence characteristics.
Mineral processing and purification technology. Most of the important nonmetallic minerals developed earlier in China, such as flake graphite, fluorite, kaolin, diamond and chrysotile, have been purified by mineral processing. Over the years, a relatively mature special equipment and process flow have been formed. Such as multi-stage grinding and multi-stage cleaning of flake graphite, the final concentrate grade can reach 98% and the recovery rate can reach over 85%. The flotation process of fluorite ore, the final concentrate CaF2 content is above 97%, and the recovery rate can reach above 85%. Non-metallic minerals such as kyanite and broken mica are developed relatively late, and special mineral processing equipment has also been successfully developed. The purification technology of clay minerals such as bentonite and attapulgite clay has also made new progress. The high temperature purification technology of aphanitic graphite has been successfully developed.
Ultra-fine grinding and fine classification technology. In recent years, the technology of superfine grinding and fine classification has developed rapidly in China. Since 1990s, on the basis of digesting and absorbing imported technology, it has entered a stage of mainly introducing and supplemented by independent research and development. The comprehensive performance of equipment processing capacity, energy consumption per unit product, wear resistance, process matching and automatic control has been significantly improved. From 200/kloc-0 to 2005, with the advent of CYM3000 and CYM5000 large mixers, the production line equipment of 1 10,000 tons/year was formed, and the energy consumption was reduced from 180Kwh/t to 90Kwh/t, saving energy by 50%. The calcining equipment and rotary calcining kiln have developed from flameproof type to direct flame type, which greatly improves the thermal efficiency and the processing capacity can also match the grinding equipment.
Drying and surface modification technology. A powerful crushing and drying technology was developed, which significantly improved the energy-saving effect. The SLG continuous powder surface modification machine was successfully developed, and the industrial integration technology of dry continuous surface modification of nonmetallic mineral powder was realized.
General situation of comprehensive utilization technology of tailings. Mineral processing of nonmetallic minerals such as graphite, kaolin, fluorite, chrysotile and kyanite usually produces a large number of tailings. At present, the comprehensive utilization of non-metallic mine tailings in China is still in its infancy, and the development in different regions is uneven. The utilization technology of graphite, kaolin, fluorite and chrysotile tailings mainly includes: recovering useful associated minerals and useful components; Technology of making building materials from tailings.
Column 9-2 Typical Cases of New Technology
Safe and efficient mining technology of Dachang multi-hazard deposit. Innovatively developed the sublevel continuous medium-long hole mining method without coal pillars, 24-channel acoustic emission and microseismic monitoring of rock mass, automatic data analysis and processing and early warning system, and formed a comprehensive technology for safe mining of coal pillars under high stress conditions by using the "two-in and two-back" ventilation system combined with the abandoned civilian roadway of three-stage machine station. The mining loss rate is 8%, and the mining dilution rate is 10%.
Key technology of deep well mining. Maanshan Mining Research Institute of Sinosteel and Tongling Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. jointly carried out "Research on Key Technologies of Deep Mine Mining in Dongguashan". Comprehensive use of ventilation theory and technology, closely combined with the actual situation of deep mining in Dongguashan Copper Mine, a multi-stage ventilation system was successfully established, which met the ventilation and cooling requirements of deep mining in Dongguashan Copper Mine, solved the ventilation and cooling problem of high-temperature deposit mining in deep mine, saved a lot of ventilation projects and reduced the installed capacity. It is the first time to combine computer network with communication technology and fan frequency conversion speed regulation technology in China. It has created hundreds of millions of economic benefits and remarkable social benefits.
High-efficiency gravity separation equipment, high-efficiency magnetic separation equipment, high-efficiency flotation equipment and compound force field beneficiation equipment are constantly emerging. The development and application of large-scale crushing, grinding, sorting, dewatering and filtering equipment have greatly improved work efficiency and reduced energy consumption. China has produced 60 ~ 320m3 large and super-large flotation machines, the world's largest and most advanced φ7.93× 13.6m overflow ball mill and φ 12.2× 165438.
Figure 9- 1 Super-large aeration mechanical stirring flotation machine and overflow ball mill
Ultrafine crushing equipment. China has been able to mass-produce various dry jet mills, different types of wet stirring mills and other equipment, including air collision jet mills, as well as the corresponding processing equipment such as classifiers and high-speed mixers for transformation. The flame-proof type in rotary calcining kiln has been developed into direct flame type, which greatly improves the thermal efficiency and the processing capacity can also match the grinding equipment. Powerful crushing and drying technology, integrating the two functions of crushing and drying, improves thermal efficiency. SLG continuous powder surface modifier was successfully developed.
Purification, superfine and modification technology of nonmetallic minerals. Special mineral processing equipment has been successfully developed for non-metallic minerals such as kyanite, wollastonite, sepiolite and attapulgite. New progress has been made in the purification technology of clay minerals such as bentonite and attapulgite clay. The high-temperature purification technology of aphanitic graphite was successfully developed, and the technology of making insoluble and soluble potash fertilizer from potash feldspar was successfully developed. A large number of nonmetallic minerals such as low-grade talc, diatomite and magnesite have also been successfully developed. With the progress of superfine grinding technology and equipment and the continuous innovation of surface modification technology, a large number of traditional non-metallic minerals such as graphite, kaolin, mica, talc, perlite and calcium carbonate have increased their added value and promoted the comprehensive recovery of raw materials.
The deep mining technology and technology level of gold mines have been further improved, and the maximum mining depth is close to 1400 meters; Major breakthroughs have been made in the development and application of metallurgical technology for mineral processing of low-grade refractory resources. Biological oxidation pretreatment technology has reached the international leading level, and roasting, hot pressing oxidation and other technologies have reached or approached the international advanced level. Substantial progress has been made in the utilization of tailings, residual ore and low-grade resources, and the lowest grade of selected ore is 0.5g/ ton.