(1) 1 to March: dormant period: 1, management point Qingyuan \x0d\2. The main targets of pest control are diseases such as dry rot, pear scab and black spot, and overwintering pests such as pear psylla, aphids and mites. \x0d\ 1。 Remove the broken branches, leaves, insects and fruits and destroy them centrally. \x0d\2。 Apply enough organic fertilizer. Compound fertilizer 0.5- 1 kg and potassium fertilizer100g were applied to each plant. 3. Apply chewing gum to the main branch and apply it with Songer+Dilution Beauty. \x0d\4。 Key points: When the buds of pear trees turn green, it is the best time to control pear scab, black spot and pear aphid. Optional chemicals: 80% mancozeb 1000 times solution plus 600 times solution of KLOC-0/0% imidacloprid for mixed application; Or 3000 times of Guoguang black liquor and 600 times of Guoguang black liquor are mixed and applied, which can effectively control pear tree diseases and insect pests. \ x0d \ (2) from mid-April to early May: before and after flowering: bright spot: \x0d\ 1, management bright spot (1), bud wiping: strong buds on the back of main branches and auxiliary branches, buds near the cutting opening after cutting off strong branches, and bending parts of big branches, long branches and short fruit branches. In winter, the hidden buds near the cut of the big branches and the places where the blind buds of the short fruit branches are clustered often form long branches or useless leaves, which should also be erased in time. Water in time in spring drought to ensure the water demand in flowering period. \x0d\(2), flower thinning and fruit thinning: \x0d\A, flower thinning (bud): When the bud is exposed, press it from top to bottom with your finger, and the pedicel will break. The note chapter retains the young leaves growing in the inflorescence, and the young leaves unfold earlier, which is the basis for the early formation of the whole leaf area. According to the bud thinning standard, leave an inflorescence every 20 cm or so. We should keep the weak and the strong, the small and the big; Dense and sparse leaf axils (axillary flower buds) and leaf tops (terminal flower buds); Sparse and leave it (upper part of the crown); Sparse buds that germinate too late. After the inflorescence is elongated, the accessory inflorescence should be thinned out in time to maintain normal flowers. \x0d\B, fruit thinning: leave 1-2 fruits per inflorescence, and remove the redundant fruits on the first 10 day after flowers wither. Large fruit shapes with an average of about 25 cm (yellow flower, emerald green, fragrant, green, western green and snow green) and medium fruit shapes with an average of 20 cm (new century) will reserve 1 fruit. Maintain the ratio of leaves to fruits (25-30): First, when thinning fruits, all pests, deformed fruits, poorly fertilized fruits and leafless fruits should be thinned out. Choose young fruit with long fruit shape, long and thick fruit handle and shiny fruit surface. Yellow flowers can try to leave the calyx without persistent fruit. The 3rd-4th fruits should be kept on each fruit table. When thinning the fruit, you should look at the tree and leave the fruit, leave more thick trees and branches, otherwise leave less; Leave more at the top of the crown; Small branching angles leave more; Sparse the weak and keep the strong, sparse the small and keep the big, and sparse the dense and keep the thin. Sparse the upper and lower sides. According to site conditions, fertilization level, tree size, tree potential, fruit shape size, planned yield and other factors to determine the amount of fruit left. If the planned yield per mu is 2,000 kilograms and the weight of a single fruit is more than 250 grams, 8,000 fruits need to be left, and 9,000 fruits should be left per mu based on the insurance rate 10%. If you calculate 45 fruits per mu, there should be about 200 fruits left in each tree. If it is 80 plants/mu, each plant can leave 1 10 fruits. (3) Artificial pollination: Artificial pollination can not only improve the fruit setting rate, but also effectively improve the big fruit rate and quality. (4) Hanging flower branches: In order to solve the problem of pollination in a single variety of pear orchards, the flower branches that are pollinated in flower buds can be inserted into a water tank or a plastic bag (cup) and hung on a tree. Generally, a big tree needs to hang 4-5 cans. \x0d\(5) Bee release at flowering stage: Bee release at flowering stage is beneficial to pollination and fertilization, and can improve the fruit rate of constellation. China bees go out at 6 degrees Celsius. Italian bees need to be above 15c before they start to act. Generally, 2-3 boxes of bees are put in each 10 mu pear orchard. (6) Other measures: Spraying Guoguang boron (i.e. 15g mixed with water 15kg), Guoguang potassium, 15PPm naphthalene acetic acid or Guoguang Youfeng+Shimei (30kg mixed with water) at flowering stage (before the meeting) can improve the fruit setting rate. (7) Frost prevention in flowering period: Pear orchards are vulnerable to late freezing injury in flowering period, especially in mountain pear orchards with high altitude. Pay attention to frost prevention during flowering. The main methods are to increase the weight and strengthen the tree potential; Irrigation before flowering; Smoke and frost prevention, etc. \x0d\ The main pests are scab, black spot, rust and other diseases, and pear lice, pear moth, spider mite and other pests. Recommended control agent: \x0d\( 1), pear psylla, pear fruit moth and tetranychus urticae can be sprayed with Guoguang Poison Arrow 1500+1500. (2) For black spot and rust, 80% mancozeb 800 times solution+copper triazole 1000 times solution+Guoguang Dilute Shimei 800 times solution can be selected. 80% compound pure mancozeb wettable powder and 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 times solution can control pear scab. The above diseases can be controlled by adding 30 kg of water to 10g, and the effect is the best \x0d\ Note: it is not necessary to spray at the initial flowering stage, and it should be applied 2-3 times after flowering, once every 10- 15 days; Do not use hydrogen sulfide and Fuxing in the first two sprays, and pay attention to the later use. \ x0d \ (3) Mid-May to late June: young fruit period: 1, management points: (1), fruit bagging \x0d\A, bagging time: bagging is generally completed within 20-45 days after flowering, and should be carried out from late April to early May at the latest. Bagging early is easy to break the fruit handle, or the weight of the bag leads to the fruit handle bending, resulting in fruit drop; If bagging is too late, the fruit appearance is not as smooth as early bagging, and the fruit point is small and shallow. In recent two years, many orchards have bagged Cuiguan pears after 45 days of full flowering, and the whole fruit is yellowish brown, which can be detected by fruit farmers. Bagging should be done in sunny days. \x0d\B, fruit bag type: With the popularization of fruit bagging technology, various types of fruit bags have appeared in the market. There are single layer, double layer, inner black, inner white and so on. The color of the peel after bagging varies with the quality of the bag, and the white bag of green pear can keep its true color. With the enhancement of the shading performance of the bag, the color of the skin can change from bluish yellow to milky white. The relationship between skin color and bagging quality of brown pear is not obvious, and it changes from dark brown to light brown with the enhancement of shading performance. Therefore, it is suggested to choose a special fruit bag with good sterilization and pest control effect. \x0d\ bagging method: spray insecticide and bactericide once before bagging, dry and cover. If it rains when bagging, the garden that is not bagged after the rain should be sprayed again and bagged again. Large pear orchards can be sprayed one by one. Before bagging, it is best to use powder or water solution instead of emulsion to avoid fruit rust. Secondly, we should pay attention to the quality of bagging. When bagging, you should first open the bag mouth, hold the bottom of the bag with your left hand and open the whole fruit bag. Let the two vents at the bottom of the bag open, and then put the fruit, so that the pear fruit is put in the middle bag. Avoid the rabbit fruit surface sticking to the paper bed. Then tie the bag mouth tightly with lead wire. The bag mouth should be tightly sealed to avoid light leakage, and the bag mouth should not form a funnel shape to prevent rainwater and pesticides from flowing into the bag. (2) Topdressing: Take Huang Huali Orchard at the peak of forest as an example. If 2000 kg of decomposed manure and 20 kg of compound fertilizer have been applied per mu in the early stage, 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied in late May. Cuiguan pear should be applied in early May. \x0d\2。 Pests and diseases are mainly controlled by pear psylla, fruit eater, aphid, stinkbug, pear mussel and pear pink aphid, such as scab and black spot. Recommended control agents: \x0d\ 1, 1000 times solution to control psyllid. \x0d\2。 1000 times of Guoguang Poisonous Arrow, a fruit moth, can be used to treat aphids, bedbugs, pear net stinkbug, yellow aphids, etc. 3.3000 times of Guoguang black to kill pear scab+rare beauty to treat scab and black spot. (3) Set the fruit in time, leave the single set of fruit in a plastic bag, and don't pick the bag all year round. (4) Fruit-cracking agent should be watered in time, instead of ring cutting. Spraying the broken fruit will cure the broken fruit. \x0d\ Note: Spraying Guoguang Youfeng in time is beneficial to fruit setting; Spraying Guoguang with 800 times dilution twice a year can effectively prevent and treat physiological element deficiency (yellow leaves, shrinking fruits and rusty fruits); (4) Early July to late August: fruit expansion period: \x0d\ 1. Management points \x0d\2. Pest control: the main control targets are tetranychus urticae, psyllid, aphid and other pests, scab, black spot and other diseases. \x0d\ Recommended control agent: \ x0d \ 1. 1.8% avermectin EC 3000 times solution+poison arrow spray to control tetranychus urticae and other pests. 2. Black 10g mixed with 30 kg water \x0d\3, 0.5- 1kg ammonium nitrate applied to plants, and timely watering are beneficial to fruit expansion. \x0d\ Note: Pruning tillers in summer and controlling summer shoots in time are beneficial to fruit expansion. \x0d\(5) 10 from the first ten days of September to the first ten days of June: the fruit ripens \ x0d \ and the main control targets are fruit leaf disease, fruit moth, leaf curl moth, etc. Recommended control agents: \x0d\ 1, 800-fold solution of Songer or metalaxyl manganese zinc to control fruit diseases (anthracnose and epidemic disease) \x0d\2, poison arrow, Simuron EC or mirex 3 1500-fold solution or abamectin, or Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). 3, remove the diseased fruit on the tree, pick up the underground pests and diseases, centralized destruction. Children's attention: Don't spray Bordeaux mixture at maturity to avoid polluting the fruit surface. (6) From10 to before defoliation: autumn growth period: \x0d\ 1. Key points of management: do a good job in pastoral care, smear Guoguang paste on trees that have been yellowed all the year round or use fruit tree infusion to completely solve the problem of pear tree yellowing; \x0d\2。 Pests and diseases are mainly controlled by pests such as pear psylla. Recommended control agent: 1, Guoguang poison arrow+dying. \x0d\2。 Key points: Apply 500g organic fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer to each plant in autumn, and control the growth of autumn shoots with Guoguang Zhuang Ai in time after harvest (the purpose is to prevent early flowering in winter, promote fruit setting in the next year and improve resistance). 3. Apply 0.5- 1kg ferrous sulfate to old garden plants. (7) 1 1 to 12: After defoliation: \x0d\ 1. Key points of management: clean the orchard, burn it centrally, prune it in time in winter, and eliminate diseased branches. 2. The control targets are diseases such as ring rot and overwintering pests such as mites. First, the chewing gum is applied to the main branch. \x0d\B, spraying sulfur mixture or spraying 1-2 times octyl urea emulsifiable concentrate or herbicide No.3, Bt or avermectin.