The factors leading to the high risk of congenital microtia are analyzed as follows:
From the maternal factors, acute diseases during pregnancy and acute infectious diseases in the first three months of pregnancy are the risk factors of microtia. In addition, infection with rubella, mumps and other viruses may lead to fetal malformation. Chronic diseases during pregnancy, such as diabetes and hypertension, are also strongly correlated. It has been proved that some special drugs during pregnancy are the factors leading to microtia, including isotretinoin, thalidomide and some immunosuppressants. Multiple births and late pregnancy are also high risk factors.
In terms of paternal factors, fathers' drinking and smoking are closely related to the incidence of congenital microtia. In addition, high altitude is more risky than low altitude, and its relatively anoxic environment is not conducive to embryo development. There are also differences between different races and regions.
In terms of genetic factors, the probability range of family clustering cases is 3-34%. Many scholars agree that the multifactorial genetic model of microtia includes dominant inheritance and recessive inheritance, and some families do not follow Mendel's genetic law, which is the mystery of microtia.
Patients with congenital microtia can undergo auricle reconstruction from the age of four and a half, weighing more than 35 kg. Su-por, a biological scaffold imported from the United States, is used as the material for carving ear brackets. The ear made of biological scaffold has the advantages of strong stereoscopic impression, easy shaping, good histocompatibility and difficult deformation. Compared with the use of costal cartilage scaffold, there is no pain in cutting costal cartilage and the operation time can be shortened. One-time operation does not affect study and work.
You can also start auricle reconstruction surgery from about 6 years old. Using autogenous costal cartilage as the material of carving ear bracket can effectively avoid rejection. External ear reconstruction by skin expansion is mainly divided into three stages. In the first stage, a dilator was buried in the mastoid region of the residual ear, and sufficient skin volume was obtained by injecting water into the dilator. In the second stage of external ear reconstruction, the skin expander was taken out, and the patient's own costal cartilage was carved into an ear bracket for external ear reconstruction. The third stage operation partially trimmed the shape of the reconstructed ear to achieve the best appearance effect.
Ear reconstruction is a very difficult and challenging project in the repair of microtia. Few doctors in China can complete this operation perfectly. Among American surgeons, only a few plastic surgeons can do ear reconstruction well. Dr. Amber is one of the doctors who have had this kind of operation in China at present, and he is the head of treatment in the ear reconstruction rescue base of China Orthopedic Association.