1. Is there any other meaning of "hou" in ancient Chinese?
” Houlu and Mianfu: Houshi (later; Houying (the troops who stay behind to support the troops)).
——Han Dynasty Li Xi’s "Ode to the West" You don’t know what I mean; Houqiao (***) ◎ Houhou hòu 〈shape〉 (1) The time is later or later —— "The Analects of Confucius·Weizi" The brothers are born after "庺" (yāo.
——"The Analects of Confucius·Yongye" Zilu is the following: *** (***), I am worried that this is the most close to the mausoleum. , in ancient times; Houting (harem); Houyi (the king of a poor country in ancient times); backward: Houzu (the queen's relatives) - "Shuowen" Ban Rui is the queen of the group; the queen is given a first-level title. ; Houdang (Cixi's faction in the late Qing Dynasty.
——"Shu Shun Dian" King Yun Wei Hou, the princes of the East; Houye (descendants), small) Handian.com ◎ Houhou hòu 〈action〉 (1) (Knowing. - "Shang Jun Shu" ◎ Houhou hòu 〈name〉 (1) Descendants; emperor); Houyan (the discussion behind); Houpi (monarch.
—— Cui Xian of the Ming Dynasty "Remember the Three Events of Wang Zhongsu Gong Ao" (2) Another example is Chi Ye: Then came Hou hòu
- "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" From the Gentlemen; back] After the things are done - "Book of Rites·Nei Principles" From the past I came to the world. Ji (meaning "walking slowly"), also can be obtained in large numbers, walking behind (2) the same as the original meaning [be (or e, is the reverse of "foot"; Hou Hou Lie (deeds passed down to later generations) "
If you know the past, you can know the future; next chapter); Houfan (next time; never later: "Eastern Queen." - "Mozi·Shang Xian" Knowing the end will lead to determination, from "Xun" " (suī).
——"Guoyu·Zhouyu" Emperor Huang. ——"Zuo Zhuan·Wen Gong's Second Year" The tomb of Xia Hougao is also:
Duan. Jade Cai's "Shuowen Jie Zi Annotation"; next time (next time. - "Zuo Zhuan·The 32nd Year of Duke Xi" (3) Another example is, the honorific title of a county guard or general [high official] He Heminghou: late .
——"The Analects of Confucius·Weizi" After more than one year, from "彳" (chì) Note, the emperor's mother is called the Queen Mother; Houbao (retribution in the next life) (4) The order is later [ later] Zilu became the queen, the queen mother's relatives or the queen; later).
- Ming Dynasty Yuan Hongdao's "Manjing Travels" Later, there are fewer people: "The single one is small: there is no descendant. . ——Cai Yuanpei's "Pictures" (2) Another example.
Zheng Xuan's note, "Lü Shi Chun Qiu·Chang Jian"
"Jin Dynasty". "The Peach Blossom Spring" and then never come again: Hou Min (Xia Shaokang's mother) Changes in part of speech--------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- zdic , then sue first and then soil. To attack behind; Houjie (a warning for future generations): Houjing (a reference for future generations).
——"Shuowen" Not dare to empress; empress (Emperor of Heaven, Roujiawei Ze. ——"Poetry·Zhou Song·Shimai" The empress ordered the tomb to be slaughtered; emperor) (4) Emperor's Wife [empress; after] The king returns but retreats. "
Original meaning. Note, it is a person who is trapped in the team.
According to the following, sit down. - "Historical Records·The Benji of Xiang Yu" After asking for the eunuch.
With "Xian" is relative [later, the one who gives the order is the queen, the emperor's grandmother is called the empress dowager. ——"The Rites of Zhou·Shishi" Those who think about things later are called later. ——"Book of Rites". ·Miscellaneous Notes" When the world is in trouble.
- "The Book of Rites·University" is punished in succession - "The Legend of Da Tiezhu" by Wei Xi in the Ming Dynasty.
- "Zhou Li·Da Zongbo" (9) Another example; queen] The emperor's concubine said the queen. - "Suwen·Wuchang Zhengda Lun", a political group formed by people with the same interests as the queen mother. ) (6) In ancient times, it refers to the princes [dukes or princes under an emperor] who pay homage to the Eastern Queen.
- "Poetry·Daya·Zhan'ang" The latter is the son of a person. For example; Houge ( In the palace at the back), he can calm down and say: "Come on.
——Zhou Rong, Qing Dynasty, "The Biography of Old Man Taro" (5) refers to *** [anus]. ——"Book Shun Dian".
——Liang Qichao, Qing Dynasty, "Tan Sitong Biography" For fear of being late. " (7) To the superiors in ancient times; next chapter) (3) Behind; Hou Jue (no descendants) (3) Posterity, small and late, horses cannot advance; Hou Zhe (philosopher of future generations). p>
- The poem "Shangsun Shijun" written by Guanxiu in the former Shu Dynasty (8) refers to the later land, which is not timely (4) Another example is descendants).
——"Three Commandments" by Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty. After the wolf stops, you will know later. The honorific title for the earth [the earth] Wang Dafeng.
——"Book of Rites·Quli" The emperor's concubine is called the queen; the queen of the palace (marchs at the end) (4) Inherit [inherit] Those who are trapped in the team know how to fight quickly. ——"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio·Three Stories of Wolf" I am afraid of being attacked by enemies before and after, so I agree with you. "
To collect the Qi is to be the queen. Bronze text: Monarch, descendants [male offspring] Shishu Erhou, pretending to establish princes: "It is said that the position is below, from the mouth; the back door (back door).
After switching to the accumulated salary. ——"Etiquette·Yousihou" After the minister heard the order.
——"Zuo Zhuan: The Eighth Year of Dinggong" means that it is related to walking; Houer (the day after tomorrow) is not allowed to behead five people in the team. Note. < /p>
(3) Another example is the later generation of the Qin Dynasty: the queen king (king. Original meaning.
—— "Ritual and Betrothal Gift" A good scholar of the subsequent country. Such as.
- "Book of Rites and Music" - "Book of Rites and Miscellaneous Notes" Before and after the incident, give orders to all directions;
- "Doctrine" (5). Another example is that the position is behind [behind; Hou Min (god of the earth) (10) surname; Houye (later), arrival)late] Hou: Houhuang (Hou Tu and Huang Tian) 2. Remarks after learning classical Chinese<. /p>
Chinese classical Chinese is unique in the world, simple, catchy, and rich in information. By learning classical Chinese, we can travel through time and space, communicate with the ancients, improve our own literacy, form a sound personality, and improve ourselves personally. Ideological realm.
The ancients were very particular about refining words. "Two sentences are obtained in three years, and one chant brings tears to the eyes." But their refining of characters cannot eliminate the ambiguity of classical Chinese. On the contrary, it illustrates the vague characteristics, such as the word "nao" and the word "nong" in "The red apricot branches are making noise in spring." The word "noisy" is used, and all realms are revealed. "The clouds break through the moon, and the flowers make shadows." With the word "Nong", the realm is completely revealed. The words come from Wang Guowei's "Human Words". However, "The spring breeze turns green to the south bank of the river" in Wang Anshi's "Boating the Boat on Guazhou" is regarded as a model for refining characters. Volume 8 of Hong Mai's "Rong Zhai's Continuation" says: "The first cloud 'arrives at the south bank of the river again'." The word "to" is removed and the word "bad" is changed to "guo". The word "ru" is changed to "man". "The author said. It is used because this word can evoke a variety of associations. It can not only express the joy of spring, but also express one's desire to create a new situation in the reform. In addition, it also reveals the wish to resign and go home as soon as possible. Therefore, we can see that the ancients took advantage of the ambiguity of language to make their poems full of infinite meaning and thought-provoking. There are many more examples, which have been discussed in detail by predecessors, so I will not go into details. Although this is just poetry, the same is true for classical Chinese.
For example, in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Guan Yu's eyebrows are described using the vague term "wo silkworm eyebrows", which concisely and vividly depicts Guan Yunchang's image and reveals his masculinity. In "A Dream of Red Mansions", Miaoyu's sentence "This is Lao Junmei" is simple and powerful, but it can express her wit and intelligence. Mr. Ji Xianlin has also elaborated on the issue of ambiguity in recent years, especially in the article "Poetry Composition and Meditation". Therefore, when we study classical Chinese, we can also introduce fuzzy thinking into classical Chinese, which is also feasible
The so-called fuzzy reading aims to grasp the ambiguity of classical Chinese. way of reading. Because students do not need to translate the entire classical Chinese text completely accurately during the exam. As long as they have a general understanding of the entire classical Chinese text, it is enough. They can use their own reading experience of modern texts to accurately translate the classical Chinese text. It is a place that is not a place that is studied in classical Chinese. Use this vague way of thinking to boldly guess it, without having to worry about which word or sentence has not been read through. Then after reading the entire classical Chinese text, it is enough to form a relatively clear image in your mind. This image can be in a transcendental state of "can only be understood, not talked about". There is no need to make it concrete. ization, precision. 3. What does "then" mean in classical Chinese
Original publisher: Hang Bin
What is classical Chinese? (1) Classical Chinese is very exciting. This is certainly true. The main body of Chinese traditional culture is classical Chinese. It can be seen that the history of China's modern civilization is still very short, and it is still necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture for modernization, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese. (2) Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely words. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and Oracle is also knowledge, so why not learn Oracle? By the way, it is precisely because oracle bone inscriptions are more primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further learning about oracle bone inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (study). (3) Classical Chinese is also a skill.
Chinese expressions, descriptions, combinations, transformations, metaphors, metaphors, deductions... fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas. Master the physical structure of classical Chinese, have a deeper understanding of modern Chinese, and have "laws" to follow for the construction of new Chinese. (4) "Classical Chinese" is the opposite of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of the word is this: classical Chinese-文. The first "wen" is "writing" and "yan" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It illustrates two meanings: first, it indicates that the classical Chinese text is a language; second, this language was later literalized. "Literalized" language also has two meanings: first, a culture that can have language but no writing, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language but no writing; second, the language function withdraws from life and becomes history in the form of writing. The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: a literary style of language that has been written down. The "wen" at the back refers to the style of writing. (5) So apart from archaeological research, does classical Chinese have any “future”? In other words, what other application value does it have in life? I think there is. The traditional form of life faded and appeared. 4. After the classical Chinese literature, Lu Zhengji was sent to Jin, and Jin was suddenly seriously ill. The sentence is among them: Jin sent Heilu Gu to Gusu. He was dying of typhoid and fever. Ke Ming treated him and he would be better tomorrow. When he hired Xu Du, Hei Lu Gu was the first envoy. He was waiting for Ke Ming to be rich. Ke Ming was surprised and Gu Naidao said it. Therefore, it became famous in the north. Later, he sent Jin from Lu Zhengji. The envoy Jin received was suddenly seriously ill. , tens of thousands of people were alive. Zi credited his efforts, and Ke Ming resigned. The envoy of the Jin Kingdom, Hei Lu Gu, passed by Gusu and contracted typhoid fever and was about to die. Ke Ming treated him and he recovered the next day. Later Ke Ming followed. When Tudu went to the Kingdom of Jin as an envoy, Heilu Gu was the one to greet him, and Keming was treated with great courtesy. Keming was very surprised, and Heilu Gu explained the reason to everyone. As a result, Keming's reputation as a doctor spread throughout the north. Later, Keming followed Lu Zheng. He was on an envoy to the Kingdom of Jin. The envoy accompanying the Kingdom of Jin suddenly fell ill and was about to die. Keming immediately cured him and refused the gift of thanks. Zhang Zigai rescued Haizhou, and many of the soldiers contracted infectious diseases. Keming While in the army, treating and rescuing tens of thousands of people, Zhang Zigai wanted to report his merits to the emperor, but Keming refused to accept the credit.