cultivation techniques
1. Land selection: Choose a plot with convenient irrigation and drainage, high terrain, ventilation and light transmission, and fertile soil for planting.
2. Land preparation and ridging: after ploughing, fine soil is leveled, and then furrows are furrowed and ridged, with the furrow width of 0.8m, the furrow width of 1m and the furrow height of 0. 15m, and two rows are planted in each furrow, with the row spacing of 0.5m.. ..
3. Fertilization: furrow furrow fertilization, or dig a pit according to the planting distance of ginseng fruit, using 3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or garbage manure, 50- 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0/00 kg of plant ash, and applying the farmyard manure or garbage manure deeply when fertilizing.
4. Planting: It can be planted all year round.
5. After fertilizing and covering the soil, plant ginseng fruit seedlings at the row spacing of 0.5m * 0.5m, with 1500- 1600 plants per mu. The best planting time is after 4 pm. The seedlings planted in the afternoon are easy to survive. After planting, root-fixing water should be poured once, which is beneficial to the rooting of seedlings. If possible, rooting should be used before planting seedlings.
Key points of site management
(1) Temperature and humidity management: At the initial stage of planting, the temperature in the greenhouse is 28 ~ 32℃ during the day, 25 ~ 30℃ after living trees, and above 8℃ at night. Humidity should be adjusted by ventilation, combined with temperature control and frequent ventilation, even in rainy days. When the outside temperature rises during the growing period, the plastic film in the small arch shed can be kept until the end of harvesting.
(2) Pruning, standing and tying vines: Ginseng fruit has strong growth potential, with one leaf and one branch, and 1 week can form branches, which will affect the results. Therefore, when the axillary bud is pulled out 1 ~ 2 cm, the pruning work should be strengthened and erased in time. Buds began to form, and the first branch under the bud was called the door branch, which grew very strong. 6 days after germination, it can exceed the terminal bud, resulting in bud shedding. When you find a bud, you should take off your heart in time. Every 3-4 days, you must branch again 1 time. Generally, the method of straight ginseng fruit with two stems is adopted, leaving two branches to bear fruit and removing all the side branches. When the height of the plant is 30 ~ 40 cm, it shall be erected at the height of 1.2m, and a herringbone frame shall be erected with a cross beam in the middle to prevent lodging. During the growth period, vines should be tied in time, branches should be straightened out, old leaves, diseased leaves and over-dense leaves should be removed as appropriate, and ventilation and light transmission conditions should be improved.
(3) Fertilizer and water management: In the application of fertilizer, it is necessary to make seedlings grow steadily before fruit setting, so as to prevent them from growing too fast and making fruit setting difficult. After the first ear bears fruit, apply fruit swelling fertilizer and apply 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu. Second, after the third ear bears fruit, we should also apply fruit expansion fertilizer according to the growth to meet the needs of fruit expansion in the later period. Water management: after planting, water 1 ~ 2 times to promote tree life, and then water in combination with fertilization, and water appropriately according to the situation at ordinary times. Ginseng fruit is afraid of both water and drought, and the soil should be kept moist during the fruit expansion period.
(4) Hormone treatment: ginseng fruit is easy to drop flowers and fruits in cultivation. The main measures to protect flowers and fruits are to make the plants grow healthily and treat the ears with plant growth hormone. Usually, 25 ~ 50 mg/kg anti-falling agent is used to treat the flower spike, and when 50% of the flowers on the inflorescence are open, it is sprayed on the inflorescence with a small sprayer; Be careful not to spray the medicine on the twigs to avoid phytotoxicity. Spray it only once per ear, and don't spray it repeatedly.
(5) Fruit thinning: Appropriate fruit thinning is an important measure to increase production, and large fruits with neat fruit types should be selected and stored after fruit setting; Sparse the rest and keep 2 ~ 3 fruits on an inflorescence.