I. General management and protection measures
1, strengthen fertilizer and water management
Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to the dormant flowers in winter. Nitrogen fertilizer can still be applied to flowers that are not dormant in winter, especially to foliage plants. However, attention should be paid to the coordination with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer when applying. Reasonable application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can improve the cold resistance of flowers. Plants that bloom in winter, such as Guayeju, calceolaria, Cyclamen cyclamen, Poinsettia, Chimonanthus praecox, etc., are in the vegetative growth period in early autumn, and should be mainly applied with nitrogen fertilizer, while most of them are in the bud stage in late autumn, and should be mainly applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, supplemented with nitrogen fertilizer. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer is not conducive to winter flowering. Flowers and seedlings planted in the open field are generally not watered when the soil is dry, but watered thoroughly. Potted flowers should be watered frequently and thoroughly, not halfway, which will form wet top and dry bottom and affect root growth; We should also prevent excessive watering and root rot. After autumn, we should control the supply of water to make the new shoots mature, and avoid the emergence of new shoots in late autumn and winter, which is not conducive to overwintering. But in early autumn or Mid-Autumn Festival, because of the high temperature, new buds appear in the flower seedlings. During this period, sufficient moisture should be provided to ensure that new shoots can grow and mature in time. The watering time in autumn should be in the morning and afternoon. Its purpose is to make the water temperature close to the soil temperature, which is beneficial to absorption and avoids root damage.
2. Pay attention to the adjustment of flowering period
Many flowers are arranged to bloom during New Year's Day and Spring Festival, which should be promoted or suppressed. If the gypsophila paniculata is a flower with long sunshine time, and it is required to bloom in winter, it must be replenished from the beginning of September. Generally 1 month, increase the light for 4 hours from 10: 00 to 2: 00 in the morning. Chrysanthemum is a flower with short sunshine, so it must be supplemented with light to delay flowering. The light supplement also started in mid-September and stopped 50 days before the expected flowering. For some warm flowers, such as Anthurium andraeanum and Phalaenopsis. When the daily average temperature is lower than 65438 05℃, attention should be paid to heating. Lily should be cultivated in autumn and winter. In addition to low temperature heating, it should also be illuminated to prevent hidden buds.
3. Strengthen pest control.
Insect pests in autumn mainly include carnation, gypsophila paniculata against Pieris rapae, gerbera against spider mite, chrysanthemum against Pieris rapae and aphid, and lily against aphid. Main diseases: chrysanthemum stripe virus, rose black spot, powdery mildew, carnation leaf spot, gerbera leaf spot, etc. Focus on disease prevention, pay attention to ventilation, reduce the air humidity in greenhouse, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, improve the disease resistance of plants and do a good job in spraying protection.
4, intertillage weeding
Intertillage can loosen topsoil, reduce water evaporation, increase soil moisture, promote air circulation and nutrient decomposition in soil, and create favorable conditions for flower root growth and nutrient absorption. Weeding can prevent weeds and flowers from competing for soil nutrients, water and sunlight. Intertillage can weed at the same time, but weeding can't replace intertillage. The depth of intertillage is generally 3 to 5 cm. At the same time, intertillage weeding can also help prevent pests and diseases and reduce the probability of pests and diseases in the coming year.
5, plastic pruning
Prune lightly in autumn, so as not to be overweight and cause the tree to weaken and die. Pruning methods mainly include coring and pruning. Give priority to with the natural shape of plants, according to the need for plastic surgery. Among them, the trees are mainly pruned, and the trunk is highlighted to ensure that the trunk reaches a certain height before branching; Shrubs mainly maintain their original shape or promote their ideal shape and expand their crown width by coring. The quality of flowers can be improved by shaping and pruning.
Second, the management of garden flowers
1, migrating
For the layout of new courtyards or the renovation of old courtyards, flowers can also be transplanted on the premise of bringing soil balls. When transplanting, pruning, watering and shading management should be strengthened to ensure that transplanting is foolproof.
2. Pruning and coring
Continue to prune garden hedges and ball ornamental plants with vigorous growth and strong germination, which is also the last pruning of garden hedges and ball ornamental plants in the autumn of the growing season in northern China. The garden hedges and color block plants suitable for pruning mainly include Buxus, france holly, Photinia, Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, Berberis rubra, Ligustrum lucidum and Platycladus orientalis in Phnom Penh. Ornamental plants suitable for ball games are: cypress, juniper, Myrica rubra, Ilex cornuta, heather, Pittosporum, Pyracantha fortunei, Admiralty and so on. There are: a bunch of red, amaranth, sulfur chrysanthemum, Kochia scoparia, marigold, malachite and so on. It is advisable to pick the heart every 10 day to promote the formation of a full plant shape, with more lateral inflorescences, and stop picking the heart after the end of September.
3. Seed collection
The woody ornamental plants that can be developed are mainly flowers and trees of Magnoliaceae. Seeds of Magnoliaceae, Taxus chinensis, Aesculus chinensis, Begonia, etc. After treatment, it must be stored in wet sand in the early spring of the following year, and then planted in the field after the seeds are cracked. The seeds of grass flowers are marigold, zinnia, impatiens, mirabilis jalapa, Celosia cristata, Catharanthus roseus, Compositae, Cuiju and so on. After harvest, thresh in time, dry and store until the next spring before sowing.
Third, the garden potted flower management
1, pruning
For potted chrysanthemums, we should continue to peel and bud; Dried plum rose, pomegranate, Milan, jasmine, cinnabar, bougainvillea, five-color plum, golden popcorn, coral flower, etc. After each flower; For those stump bonsai that are resistant to pruning, easy to sprout and vigorous to grow, we should continue to prune or pick buds.
2, pest control
There are fewer plant diseases and insect pests in autumn than in summer, and the management of plant diseases and insect pests should focus on prevention. Cerambycidae, which appears on potted plants such as plum blossom, begonia, Shoutao and Bi Tao, can be blocked and killed by inserting poison sticks, and can also be prevented by burying carbofuran particles. Use 1500 times of 40% quick killing solution to control Japanese turtle scale, cotton scale, shield scale and velvet scale on potted flowers and trees.
Four. Key points and measures of post-flower conservation and management in beginning of autumn.
As the saying goes: On the 18th of beginning of autumn, nothing grows, which means that plants in nature will bear seeds and end their lives after beginning of autumn. This solar term is also very important for flower growers. Many flowers need to strengthen fertilizer and water management and pruning and maintenance in autumn to enhance the stress resistance of plants.
For example, Osmanthus fragrans, which is about to bloom, should be added with some fertilizer water containing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and it will bloom as soon as it enters September; Plum blossoms that bloom in winter are turned into flower buds by stagnant water, and the formed flower buds should be strengthened by applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and the leaves should be protected from falling off; Orchids should keep the humidity of the air, prevent autumn dryness, and apply more fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote the growth of buds of Chunlan and Chunhui; (For example, Chunlan promotes its growth as soon as it sees the bud) Lycium barbarum should be pruned properly so that the autumn flowers can blossom and bear fruit. The early chrysanthemums in the chrysanthemum have quite large buds, and the big chrysanthemums have to open and cross, etc. So there are still many things in flower management after beginning of autumn.
1. Irrigation: Irrigation should be done sooner rather than later. Avoid high temperature and cold water with large temperature difference at noon. It can be poured on the ground or sprayed on the leaves to cool down.
2. Shading: Shade the shade-loving flower seedlings to prevent sunburn, such as tortoise-back bamboo, rhododendron, asparagus, ferns and orchids.
3. Copy:
(1) Sowing: Woody flowers that can be sowed include peony and Podocarpus. Seeds can be sown when picking; Plants and flowers that can be sown include Petunia, snapdragon, Trollius chinensis, calendula and so on.
(2) Cutting: Herbaceous flowers that can be propagated by cutting include vanilla, Scutellaria barbata, geranium and so on. Woody flowers suitable for cutting propagation include bougainvillea, Milan, Rhododendron, Camellia, Podocarpus and so on.
(3) Grafting: Magnolia grandiflora and Magnolia grandiflora are used as rootstocks to bud Magnolia grandiflora from the second bridge; Taking peach as rootstock, grafting peach, purple leaf peach and red leaf plum; Grafting red maple and feather maple with green maple as rootstock; Take wild roses as rootstock and graft modern roses.
(4) layering: The flowers and trees that can be propagated by layering are: Chimonanthus praecox, Lingxiao, Osmanthus fragrans, Magnolia purpurea, Hongfeng, etc.
(5) ramets: The flowers that can be propagated by ramets are: Reineckea carnea, Hosta Hosta, Lycopodium, Iris, Acorus calamus, Nephropteris, etc.
4. Fertilizer and water management: Fertilize the flourishing flowers every half a month, and topdressing the blooming flowers with appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
5. Pruning and bud picking: timely pruning hedges such as Acer truncatum, Ligustrum lucidum and france holly; For rose, crape myrtle, Milan, jasmine and other flowers, it is necessary to cut off the residual flowers and stems, shrink and cut off the branches of diseases and pests, weak branches and so on. So as to make their budding new branches bloom again.
6. Seed collection: Woody flower seeds that can be harvested include peony, Podocarpus, Chimonanthus praecox, etc. The seeds of herbaceous flowers that can be harvested are: Paeonia lactiflora, Scutellaria barbata, Impatiens balsamina, Morning glory, etc.