How to prune oranges in the New Year? In the process of cultivation, it is necessary to prune orange trees in winter and summer in order to ensure good ornamental value and make them bloom bright flowers and bear delicious fruits. So how do you prune oranges? Let's take a look at the method!
How to prune 1 year-old orange is a shrub and evergreen all year round. Its crown is generally round, its leaves are oval, it has white flowers, and its fruit is golden when it matures.
Every Chinese New Year holiday, every household will purchase oranges as new year's goods and send some to relatives. In fact, we can grow oranges ourselves, but we should pay attention to pruning when planting oranges.
In the second year after planting oranges, we should pay attention to pruning young orange trees. Trim the length of trunk, main branch and auxiliary main branch, and try not to trim other branches to promote oranges to grow more branches. And the new buds that grow on the lower part of the trunk should be wiped off in time.
Planting method of annual citrus
1, planting
Nian orange is a potted plant, which can be grafted or purchased directly. However, it is difficult to find rootstocks and branches that can be grafted in some areas, so it is better to buy seedlings directly.
Before buying, you must first prepare the soil suitable for the growth of oranges, and do a good job of fertilizer and water management, which is more conducive to the growth of oranges.
Step 2 apply fertilizer
After planting oranges in the soil, fertilize around them, and it is best to put base fertilizer, such as peanut cake. Fertilization should be carried out once every half month. It is best to apply compound fertilizer at this time. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 1: 1. After winter, there is no need to fertilize.
water
When planting oranges, it is best to water them once a day, but you must wait until the top three centimeters of soil is dry. When the weather is too dry, spray water on the pages of plants.
You can reduce the number of watering in winter, and you can wait until the soil is completely dry before watering. Nian orange should be placed in Nanyang Terrace, but it should be properly sheltered in summer to avoid being killed by strong light.
How to Prune 2 1 and Pruning Time of Annual Citrus
Pruning orange trees is usually carried out in summer and winter, and pruning in summer belongs to the growing period. Pruning at this time is mainly about thinning branches and coring.
Winter pruning is during the period from picking mature fruits in spring to budding. The pruning of citrus reticulata can be advanced appropriately. It is suggested to prune young trees after spring, when the temperature rises, which is more suitable for pruning.
2. First-rate
During the growth of oranges, branches and leaves grow quickly. For the high part of the orange tree, it is necessary to remove the terminal bud, so as to control its growth height and save nutrients. Moreover, the buds that are not growing well should also be cut off. For small buds, cutting off can make new buds germinate better.
3. Pruning in flower and fruit period
When the flowers bloom, cut off the buds that are too dense, don't keep them in a tight state, and leave enough space for the flowers to bloom. Moreover, after thinning the flower buds, it can save nutrients and make the flowers more ornamental.
When the fruit grows, cut off the fruitless branches, because such branches will only consume the nutrients of the tree, and the fruit may grow poorly due to insufficient nutrients.
4, plastic pruning
In the growth process of orange trees, shaping and pruning are essential. Generally, the branches that grow closely and are dry and fruitless are cut off. Proper pruning can not only avoid excessive consumption of nutrients, but also promote the germination of new buds. Pruning should be carried out on sunny days to avoid rainy weather. The cutting tools used for pruning should be sharp and disinfected before use.
Growth habit of annual citrus
Sunshine: Nianju likes sunny days, but has poor shade tolerance.
Temperature: orange is warm and frost-resistant.
Soil: soil with good drainage and rich humus.
Moisture: oranges are wet in the new year, so they are afraid of waterlogging.
How to raise oranges?
1, planting
First, move the oranges indoors or outdoors or on corridors and flower stands, and pick all the fruits. Then cut off the dead branches and leaves, there are pests and diseases, and the branches are dense.
According to the actual situation, one-third of the branches can be trimmed appropriately. When pruning, pay attention to leaving last year's autumn shoots, which are this year's mother branches. Pruning is mainly based on pruning, and pruning is combined with plastic surgery.
Change the soil after pruning. Take the soil ball out of the pot, remove the soil around the soil ball, leave a small soil ball in the center of the soil ball, cut the roots after removing the soil, and cut off the old roots, rotten roots and roots with pests and diseases. Pay attention to keep new roots and tender roots. Add new soil to the flowerpot. The hole at the bottom of the basin is padded with tiles, planted with plants and watered with water.
Step 2 apply fertilizer
The middle layer of the flowerpot is surrounded by base fertilizer, such as peanut cake (broken grain). Apply 1 n: p: k =1:1:1compound fertilizer particles every half month, and no fertilization is needed in winter.
water
During the growing period, you can wait until the surface of the basin soil is about 3 cm deep before watering. In general, you need to water 1 time a day. When the weather is dry, spray water on the leaves of plants every day. In winter, plants enter dormancy period, so reduce watering times and wait until the soil in the basin is completely dry before watering.
4. Temperature and lighting
Family planting needs to be placed on Nanyang terrace or rooftop, but it is best to have proper shade in summer with strong light and high temperature.
5, pest control
The high temperature in summer is easy to produce pests. When pests are found, spray 300 times dilution of dichlorvos or dimethoate in time. When spraying, it should be sunny at 9 am and around 4 pm. It is not advisable to spray medicine in the hot sun at noon to avoid drug damage.
Large-scale planting techniques and matters needing attention of annual citrus
The main causes of premature senescence of citrus
1. Seedlings are unqualified: some farmers are eager to compete for seeds for quick success and instant benefit, and they don't know whether the fruit seedlings have been quarantined, whether they are old seedlings, residual seedlings or sick seedlings. This is the first cause of premature aging.
2. Urgent planting of thick pipes: there is no planning and reclamation of the garden, I am eager to plant, and I don't understand the nature of the soil. Some people will choose sandy soil with strong hydrophobicity and leaking fertilizer, or soil that is too hardened.
3. High groundwater level: This is the main reason for premature aging. Farmers who grow citrus in paddy fields, due to poor drainage in most paddy fields, have just grown roots and extended into groundwater after planting for three or four years, and the rhizosphere has been flooded for a long time, leading to root rot and premature aging of leaves.
Some farmers think that the lack of fertilizer, increase the number of topdressing and fertilizer application, resulting in a waste of people and money.
4. Chemical herbicides: In order to weed quickly, some fruit farms use glyphosate for many years, which accelerates the aging of fruit trees.
preventive measure
1, select qualified excellent varieties of fruit seedlings:
Before buying seedlings, you must first know whether the fruit seedlings are from epidemic areas. Secondly, it is necessary to know whether the fruit seedling farm has a seedling production license and a plant quarantine certificate. Third, we should choose strong new seedlings. If they are old seedlings, residual seedlings (incompatible) or diseased seedlings, it is easy to cause premature aging.
If it is found that the diseased seedlings with Huanglongbing, cleavage, gummosis and other diseases cannot be used, they should be destroyed in time. If there are canker, scab and anthracnose, you can spray the seedlings with chemicals before sowing.
2, do a good job of preparation before planting:
(1) Choose soil with sufficient sunshine and convenient irrigation and drainage.
(2) Choose the soil with loose soil and deep plough layer.
(3) 90- 100 plants/mu should be planted in the initial border, and fruit tree holes should be opened in hilly land, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied.
3, familiar with the growth characteristics of fruit trees, improve the management level:
First of all, we should master the scientific principle that citrus growth characteristics have different water management with seasonal changes-spring wet, summer row, autumn irrigation and winter control.
Citrus is the most waterproof, especially in rice fields with high groundwater level. It is necessary to dig a deep ditch more than 80 cm for drainage. Mountain orchards should be opened around the ravine to prevent mountain torrents from washing away the arable layer of the orchard and causing soil erosion.
4. Developing ecological orchards and applying more organic fertilizers can effectively improve the tree vigor;
The application of any herbicide can not effectively prevent premature senescence of citrus. Ecological orchards mainly use organic fertilizers, control pests and diseases by biological control methods, and produce green fruits.
(1) Apply more organic fertilizer based on peanut bran.
(2) Glyphosate can't be used for orchard weeding, but Gramoxone can be used for chemical weeding.
(3) Planting white flowers and plants in orchard is beneficial to the survival of natural enemies of red spider.
(4) Pay attention to the foliar fertilizer supplemented with trace elements.
Pest control of Nian orange
1, anthrax
Strengthen cultivation management to prevent biased application of nitrogen fertilizer; In spring and summer, before new shoots germinate and fruits mature, mancozeb, cupric acid, zineb and chlorothalonil can be sprayed on the crown every 15 days for 3-4 times continuously.
2. Root rot
Timely drainage, improve the lighting and ventilation conditions in the park, and strengthen the prevention and control of trunk pests such as longicorn beetles; Selecting disease-resistant rootstocks such as Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Aurantii Orange and tangerine, and replacing infected plants with disease-resistant rootstocks. Drug prevention: apply drugs after scraping the diseased spots. Commonly used drugs are carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl.
3, mites
Citrus red spider, four-point yellow spider rust tick. Before and after flowering (March-May) and autumn (9-165438+1October) are the key periods for controlling red spider: the population density reaches 1-2 heads/leaf before flowering, and it needs to be controlled after flowering and autumn.
The main periods of controlling rust lice are spring shoot sprouting, young fruit and fruit expansion: rust color appeared on the back of spring shoot leaves in that year; When the insect population density on leaves or fruits reaches 2-3 heads per leaf, control it immediately.
Commonly used pesticides are hexythiazox, propargite, bromopropyl ester, chlormeuron and so on. Pay attention to the protection of natural enemies, such as bearded mites, blunt mites, mite-eating ladybugs, Japanese beetles, lacewings, etc.
3.scorpions
Arrow scale, red wax scale, cotton scale, etc. ). The key period of drug control: the first generation nymph stage of scale insects, the damage stage of a large number of terminal branches in the larval stage of scale insects (usually from early May to mid-June), and the peak period of scale insects.
Commonly used drugs include buprofezin, methidathion, matrine nicotine, lesburn, oil emulsion and so on. Pay attention to improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the park; Protect and utilize natural enemies such as Japanese square beetles, red-lipped ladybugs, lacewings, golden aphids, Australian ladybugs and red ladybugs.
4. Aphids
The killing rate of new shoots reaches 25 {BF}, so it should be sprayed immediately. Commonly used pesticides include chlordimeform, dimethoate and butachlor. Attention should be paid to the protection of ladybugs, Chrysopa grandis, Syrphidae, Aphididae, etc. Cut off the overwintering eggs and reduce the number of pests.
5. Liriomyza huidobrensis
The key period of control is the emergence of bamboo shoots in summer and autumn (mid-July). Wipe off the scattered new shoots in summer and autumn in time, and combine fertilizer and water management to promote the healthy and tidy new shoots of plants.
Chemical control: spray new shoots every 7- 1-2 cm for 2-3 times continuously. Commonly used pesticides are avermectin, cartap and cypermethrin.
6. Cerambycidae
From May to August, the adults of Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora glabripennis were killed artificially at noon on sunny days, and the adults of Anoplophora glabripennis were killed in the evening; Remove eggs and newly hatched larvae in time and cut off damaged branches; Soak pesticides such as dimethoate in cotton or cotton yarn, then block the wormhole, and then seal the wormhole with soil to poison the larvae.
7. Bud maggots
When budding, methyl chloride powder, diazinon granules, etc. After selection, it is mixed with fine soil and sprinkled on the soil surface of the tree tray once every 7 days for 2-3 consecutive times;
When the diameter of the bud is 2-3 mm (when it is white), phosphorus and trichlorfon are sprayed on the crown. Remove the damaged flower buds as soon as possible, and concentrate or boil them deeply; Deep digging in the garden soil in winter can kill some overwintering pests pupae.