Huang Huali is a leguminous plant with scientific name Dalbergia odorifera, also known as Dalbergia odorifera in Hainan and Huang Huali in Hainan. Origin China Hainan Island Diaoluoshan Jianfengling low-altitude plains and hilly areas. Huanghualimu, Hualimu, Jiwingmu and Tielimu are known as the four famous trees in ancient China because of their slow growth, solid wood and beautiful patterns. It has always been one of the four famous trees and is now a national second-class protected plant. Its solid wood, color from light yellow to purple, bright color, rich fragrance, clear wood texture, such as running water, is very beautiful. The most special thing is that there are many wood boils in the wood grain. These wood boils are also smooth and unbreakable, showing the texture of fox's head, old man's head and old man's head hair, which is beautiful and pleasant, that is, people often say "grimace." Another feature is that heartwood and sapwood are very different. Heartwood is reddish brown to dark reddish brown or purple reddish brown, with different shades, often with dark brown stripes, and sapwood is grayish brown or light yellow brown.
Since1990s, Dalbergia odorifera with similar characteristics has been exported to China from Viet Nam and other countries, and gradually recognized and accepted by people. In order to distinguish it easily, it has been circulated under the names of "Huang Huali of Vietnam" and "Xiangzhi of Vietnam", and the tree name was gradually known by Chinese people until 20 10. The identification of these two kinds of wood has always been a hot spot in the field of mahogany identification in China. When the basis of wood identification is controversial, it is necessary to study the characteristics of trees to assist.
2. Redwood
Red sandalwood, alias "Qinglongmu", is a subtropical evergreen tree belonging to the family Butterfly. Its wood is hard and red, and it sinks when it enters the water.
Rosewood is a particularly hard and heavy tree species in Leguminosae, and it is the most advanced material in mahogany. This is a deep purple hardwood. It is most suitable for making furniture and carving artworks. Articles made of rosewood have a satin-like luster after polishing without painting oil. Since ancient times, China has always regarded rosewood as the most valuable wood, so there are few preserved rosewood cultural relics. Red sandalwood has the strongest texture and the heaviest weight among all kinds of hardwood. In addition to purple and black, some are as black as paint, and the texture is almost invisible. Although it is not as gorgeous as Huang Huali, it is quiet and ancient, and no wood can compare with it.
In fact, there are many kinds of rosewood, just like rosewood. According to China's tree taxonomy, it is classified as "about 15 species of pterocarpus in Leguminosae". But there is only one kind of rosewood in the true sense, and that is what we call "lobular rosewood". "Purple" symbolizes auspiciousness, and with the unique excellent wood and rarity of rosewood, rosewood was highly valued by the royal family in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The emperors of the two dynasties spared no expense to collect skilled craftsmen from all over the world to create all kinds of mahogany furniture and ornaments. At that time, these things were the best, let alone passed down to this day.
3. Chicken wing wood
Pteris Pteris is a tree species belonging to Pteris and Dryopteris, which is found in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Africa. There are some white and black seals in the wood of Pteris, and some are the colors of Rayna Sue. The wood grain of the diagonal saw is like a fine flower cloud and shaped like a chicken wing. Especially in the longitudinal section, the wood grain is slender and floating, changing endlessly, naturally forming landscapes and figures. Compared with rosewood and rosewood, Taiwan Province rosewood has less output, and wood grain is unique, which is cherished by the world for its rare existence and beautiful charm. In the antique furniture market, chicken wing wood is new and old. Mr. Wang divided it into: the old chicken wing wood "has dense texture, purple-brown depth and distinct stripes, especially the longitudinal and slightly inclined sections, which are slender and fluttering, giving people the feeling of bright feathers." The wood of the new Pteris cristata is rough and purple-black, and the texture is often muddy, hard and has no tendency to rotate. Sometimes the wood wire is easy to crack and break stubble.
As one of the five old redwoods, although it ranks behind rosewood, Huang Huali and rosewood, it is far less precious than the first three in value, and it is a very common wood. However, there are not many gorgeous furniture made of this kind of wood in the market. People like this kind of wood mainly because of its beautiful grain. In addition, in the folk, people think that chicken is the closest animal to the legendary phoenix, so people think that chicken wing wood is an auspicious wood that can bring good luck.
4. Tielimu
Tielimu, also known as Tielimu and Tieli, is an evergreen tree of Garcinia and Tielimu. With roots, straight trunk ends, conical crown, thin bark, dark grayish brown, thin leaf-like cracks, and fragrant white resin oozing from the wound. It sometimes has patterns, as thick as wood. Tielimu is a tall evergreen tree with an upright trunk, with a height of more than ten feet and a diameter of more than ten feet. Originated in East India, it is distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi. Tieli wood is the tallest of several hardwoods. Because of the large material, many large pieces of furniture are made of it, sometimes used in the back soil of furniture.
Used for drawer board and drawer interior, etc. Its wood is hard and heavy, its heartwood is reddish, and its pith line is delicate and beautiful. It is very durable to make furniture with it.
Ming-style iron pear wood furniture, with coarse materials but not stupid, simple and good shape, fully shows the unique charm of iron pear wood. This is an ancient craftsman who, after fully understanding the characteristics and aesthetic value of iron wood, integrated its wood characteristics into superb technology, realized the perfect unity of modeling and workmanship, and formed a unique style different from precious hardwoods such as mahogany and Huang Huali.
5.cypress
Cedar belongs to the family Cupressaceae, and was called "Yue Bai" in ancient times, including Platycladus orientalis, Platycladus orientalis and Arhat cypress. China folk custom divides cypress into two kinds: south cypress and north cypress, and the texture of south cypress is better than that of north cypress. Wood-grained cypress is thin, hard and water-resistant, which is common in temples, halls and courtyards. Wood is rich in fat, excellent in material, straight in texture, thin in structure and corrosion resistant. It is used in buildings, vehicles, bridges, furniture and electrical appliances. Its color is orange yellow, its texture is delicate and symmetrical, it is scarred and fragrant, and it is also a kind of medicinal material. It is non-cracking, corrosion-resistant, suitable for carving plates, and is a valuable material except hardwood.
Good cedar furniture is bright and soft, and becomes smoother with time. Cedar has the reputation of "pine for thousands of years, cypress for thousands of years", and because of its compactness and anti-corrosion function, the service life of cypress furniture is at least thirty or forty years, or even longer. The unique fragrance of cypress has the effect of calming the nerves and nourishing the brain, so cypress furniture also has the effect of calming the nerves and nourishing the brain, and its aromatic smell also has the effect of clearing away heat and detoxifying, and some varieties of cypress can also play a role in sterilization.
6. Old mahogany
Old mahogany is often called red rosewood in the south and old mahogany in the north of the Yangtze River. It belongs to Dalbergia, a subfamily of Papilionidae in Leguminosae, together with Huanghua pear. Its wood and color are similar to those of lobular rosewood, its annual rings are straight and filiform, its bristles are larger than those of rosewood, and its color is similar to that of Bordeaux, but its luster is deeper, its color is lighter, its texture is not tight and it has fragrance. Its wood is hard and delicate, can sink in water, and generally needs to grow for more than 500 years before it can be used. The most obvious difference with other wood is that its wood grain is often sandwiched with dark brown or black stripes in crimson, giving people an antique feeling.
It is worth noting that old mahogany and red rosewood cannot be confused. Red rosewood refers to a large category of wood, including Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia odorifera, Dalbergia odorifera and so on. Old rosewood is just a kind of rosewood, namely Dalbergia odorifera, also known as Laos rosewood. Although they all belong to Dalbergia, the old rosewood is purple in color, clear and changeable in texture and fine in structure, which is incomparable to similar rosewood.
beechnut?
Beech is also written as "ash wood" or "ash wood". Produced in the south of China, the north is called Nanyu. Its wood is hard and beautifully patterned, and it is like a mountain. Although it is not luxurious wood, it is widely used in traditional furniture in Ming and Qing dynasties, especially among the people. This kind of beech furniture is mostly Ming-style, and its shape and manufacturing technology are basically the same as those of hardwood furniture such as Huang Huali, which has considerable artistic and historical value. Beech wood is heavy, strong, impact resistant, easy to bend under steam, can be made into various shapes, and has good nail holding performance. It is unique to Jiangnan, with clear texture, uniform texture and soft and smooth timbre. It is heavier than most ordinary hardwoods and belongs to the upper-middle level in all wood hardness rankings.
Beech is divided into yellow beech, blood beech and imported red beech. The first two materials have been widely used in the Ming Dynasty until now, and now the output is very small, reaching a scarce level. Most authentic beech trees sold in the domestic furniture market are imported, originated in Europe and North America, with stable wood properties and belonging to middle and high-grade furniture materials.
8.nanmu
Nanmu, which is owned by China and Nanyate, is a famous and precious timber tree species at home and abroad. Naturally distributed in Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei and other regions of China, it is the main tree species that make up the evergreen broad-leaved forest. Nanmu is the best non-hardwood with elegant and even color, small elasticity, easy operation, durability and stability. In the Ming and early Qing dynasties, furniture was often used with several hardwoods in addition to nanmu. It is the best kind of nanmu in Jin Sinan, also called purple nanmu. There are gold threads in the wood grain. Since ancient times, Phoebe bournei has been specially used for royal buildings and furniture in royal palaces and a few temples. In ancient feudal emperors, the throne of the dragon chair was made of high-quality nanmu. If anyone uses it without authorization, he will be convicted of violating etiquette. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was forbidden to use nanmu in buildings outside the royal family. In addition, Minnan is purplish, fragrant and beautiful in texture; Phoebe bournei's wood is soft, so it is often used to make furniture. Some nanmu materials form natural landscape figures, which is quite rare.
9.elm tree
White elm, also known as "white elm", is a widely distributed tree species, mainly producing temperate, deciduous and tall trees, which are distributed all over the north, especially in the Yellow River basin. Elm wood is tough, clear in texture, large in pattern, slightly coarse in structure, obvious in brown eyes, soft in texture, easy to process and carve, moderate in hardness and strength, suitable for general relief carvings, smooth in plane and beautiful in chords, and can be used for furniture and decoration. Elm can be made by drying, shaping, carving, grinding and painting. . The elms in Zhangjiakou area and on both sides of the Yellow River in Shandong Province are the best. This kind of wood is the main type of folk furniture in Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin.
Elm furniture is simple, natural and full of vicissitudes, and in the traditional elm furniture, the joints of the furniture are seamless, without any traces of repair, flat and integrated. At the same time, because of the high density of elm furniture, the wood is hard and durable, and it will not be easily damaged, and the furniture is environmentally friendly and has no odor. After the furniture is made, you only need to spray varnish to produce beautiful effects, and the natural texture can be perfectly displayed.