1 variety
Zanthoxylum bungeanum, also known as Zanthoxylum bungeanum, belongs to Rutaceae, and there are varieties such as Dahongpao, Xiaohongpao, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, bean pepper and Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Baoji city mainly develops Dahongpao with high economic value, but it also has the habit of planting late-maturing varieties such as pepper and bean pepper to stagger the maturity and facilitate picking. ?
2 Expected goal
Zanthoxylum bungeanum has great income and high value. It blooms and bears fruit after 2 years of planting, and enters the full fruit stage after 5 years. The average plant yield is 2.5kg. According to 20 yuan /kg, the annual income of Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be 4000-6000 yuan per 667m2 planting11plant. ?
3 Applicable conditions and scope
Zanthoxylum bungeanum likes warm and cool climate, the vertical distribution can reach 1800 ~ 2000 m, and it is not resistant to low temperature, but needs higher temperature, with annual rainfall of 400 ~ 500 mm, and has strong drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance. Strong adaptability, developed roots, gardens should be built on sunny and semi-sunny slopes at the lower part of the hillside, and there are low hills, terraces, courtyards, economic forests and sporadic planting in the ridge. ?
4 technical requirements
4. 1 jianyuan
Zanthoxylum bungeanum has small plants, shallow root distribution and strong adaptability, so it can make full use of idle land such as barren hills, wasteland, roadside, ground edge, house front and back to plant Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Not suitable for planting on hilltops, low-lying areas, tuyeres, thin soil layers, exposed rocks or heavy clay. Prepare the whole garden, turn it over to a depth of 30-50 cm, apply sufficient base fertilizer before turning it over, apply 4-5 t every 667m2, rake it flat and fine, and dig the planting point into a big hole of lm3, then the garden can be built on the flat ground. When gardening on a gentle hillside, horizontal terraces or reverse terraces can be built according to contour lines. When planting pepper in the ridge and the edge of the field, you can dig a pit with a diameter of 60cm or 80cm and plant it into strips. No matter what kind of planting pit, about 20 ~ 25 kilograms of organic fertilizer should be mixed when backfilling. Planting density of Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be sparse rather than dense. Generally, plant spacing of 2m×3m or 3m×4m is adopted, and 56 plants or11plant are planted in 667m2. The short and close planting garden of11plant is often used in production, which is convenient for picking.
4.2 Soil, fertilizer and water management
Every spring and summer, we should expand the dish, loosen the soil and weed. After the pepper is planted, loosen the soil and weed it 2 ~ 3 times in the same year, and irrigate it in time in case of drought. The root system of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is shallow, and weeds compete with trees for fertilizer seriously. There is a saying that "Zanthoxylum bungeanum wilted when weeds were not removed". After the results, soil, fertilizer and water management should be carried out in time, and 5 kg of Baneda Bika root plexus can be applied to the root system to promote the root development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. In addition, topdressing (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, etc. ) should be applied in May, with 0.25 ~ 0.5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 2 kg of plant ash, 0.8 ~ 1 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.75 ~ 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer for young fruit trees and 2 kg of plant ash. At the end of August and the beginning of September, base fertilizer was applied, and each plant was applied with 25 ~ 50 kg of organic fertilizer. Most fertilization methods are radial furrow and ring fertilization. Generally, after defoliation in autumn, the soil within 50cm around the main root should be replaced with 30cm deep to prevent pepper, defoliation and numbness. ?
4.3 Plastic dressing
Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a light-loving tree species with strong branching ability, which is easy to cause dense crown and poor indoor illumination. Reasonable pruning can change this situation. Zanthoxylum bungeanum reacts well to pruning, which can be carried out after picking Zanthoxylum bungeanum and before germination in the following spring. Young trees and full fruit trees should be in autumn, weak trees and old trees should be in spring. Trees are mainly clustered and naturally happy, with clustered trees per hole 1 plant or 2-3 plants. After planting, cut off the stems from the ground to promote the germination of branches and let them grow naturally. 1 plant is naturally happy in each hole. Fix the stem from 30cm of the trunk, leave 3-5 main branches, cultivate 2-3 lateral branches for each main branch, and finally remove the central branch, so that plastic surgery can be completed in 3-5 years. In the future, branches should be picked up every year during the growth period, and branches with pests and diseases should be cut off. During dormancy, the branches with excessive density, bent branches, retracted fruiting branches and extended branches should be cut off.
4.4 Pest control
The main pests and diseases of pepper are leaf rust, anthracnose, dry rot, pepper, pepper longicorn, pepper aphid and so on. The control methods are as follows: ① Leaf rust. Spraying 1: 2: 200 bordeaux mixture or 0.3 ~ 0.5 times of stone sulfur mixture on the leaves at the peak of the disease. ② Anthracnose. Foliar spraying 1: 1: 100 times bordeaux solution or 50% deuterium alcohol solution 600 ~ 700 times. ③ Dry rot. Draw lines vertically and horizontally on the affected area with a knife, go deep into the xylem, and apply Bordeaux solution or 50% Tobuzine 500 times solution. Spray drying with 1: 1: 100 times bordeaux solution for 2 ~ 3 times every May ~ June. (4) Ding Chi beetle of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Spraying 800 ~ 1000 times omethoate or triamcinolone acetonide at the end of May to the end of June, 4 times per week. ⑤ Anoplophora longicorn pepper. Dig a wormhole with iron wire or dip cotton in kerosene 1kg and dichlorvos 0.05kg, block the wormhole with 20 times of liquid, or insert aluminum phosphide poison stick into the wormhole. ⑥ Pepper beetle. 500 ~ 600 times of 50% trichlorfon can be sprayed continuously for 2 ~ 3 times, and the effect is good.
4.5 Frostbite Prevention
Zanthoxylum bungeanum has poor cold resistance. In winter, small trees can be covered with grass and big trees can be painted white. Measures can be taken to cultivate trunks and seedlings to strengthen the protection of trees. Coat the trunk with tree protectant to keep warm and prevent freezing, or coat the trunk with white. Using 5 parts of quicklime +0.5 part of sulfur +2 parts of salt +0. 1 part of vegetable oil +20 parts of water, a protective agent was prepared to dry the trunk.
4.6 Fruit picking and storage
Picking Zanthoxylum bungeanum in late July, the fruit skin is purple, the seam of the skin is protruding, a little cracked, and the seeds are black and bright. You can smell the rich fragrance of marijuana, which is the most suitable time for harvesting. Generally, fruits are picked by hand or cut with scissors. After harvesting, put it on a sunny, ventilated and dry mat to dry or dry in the shade. Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be stored in a ventilated and moisture-proof warehouse. It is strictly forbidden to mix with toxic and odorous articles, and pay attention to rodent prevention.