? 1. Acute rhinitis

? Acute rhinitis is an acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa, commonly known as "cold" and "cold". It can occur in all seasons, especially in seasons with changing climates. , this disease is epidemic and contagious. Rhinovirus is the most common. in addition. There are also myxoviruses, adenoviruses, Coxsackie A and B viruses, etc. Bacterial infection is often secondary.

? Clinical manifestations include fatigue, chills, fever, headache, etc., followed by dryness of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, pain, nasal congestion, nasal itching, and sneezing.

? Complications of this disease are often caused by secretions irritating the nasal vestibule, which can cause nasal vestibulitis and swelling of the nasal mucosa, affecting the drainage of the sinus openings and the function of the Eustachian tubes. In addition, blowing the nose forcefully can send infection into the sinuses and Eustachian tubes, leading to sinus complications. inflammation, otitis media. The infection can also spread downward, causing inflammation of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Children with poor body resistance are more likely to develop complications.

? 2. Chronic rhinitis

? Chronic rhinitis is a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and mucosal tissue. According to the degree of lesions of membrane and mucosal tissue, it can be divided into two types: simple and hypertrophic. Simple lesions are reversible, while hypertrophic lesions are characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the nasal mucosa, and sometimes may even lead to bone hyperplasia of the inferior turbinate.

? 1. Chronic simple rhinitis

? It is a chronic inflammation in which the nasal mucosa is swollen and secretions are increased. The symptoms of nasal congestion are intermittent and alternating, that is, they are lighter during the day and worse at night. When lying on the side, the lower nasal cavity and the upper side of the nose are well ventilated, which belongs to the category of sinus disease in traditional Chinese medicine. It is caused by deficiency of lung and spleen and pathogen causing the nasal orifices. To treat it, the method is to nourish the lungs and strengthen the spleen and clear the nasal orifices, and the disease will heal itself.

? 2. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis

? This disease is characterized by persistent nasal obstruction, obliterative rhinophysis and loss of smell, nasal discharge that is mucous and difficult to blow out, accompanied by tinnitus and hearing loss. Symptoms such as headache, dizziness, memory loss, sluggishness and other symptoms can not be eradicated by Western medicine with inferior turbinate sealing injection, freezing, laser, microwave and surgical resection, and can easily destroy nasal function or be complicated by other diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that evil causes nasal orifices and yin in the veins, resulting in qi stagnation and nasal stasis, affecting the functions of the nasopharyngeal tube and Eustachian opening, which can cause overflow, tinnitus and hearing impairment, sticky secretions that are difficult to blow out or backflow, and sinus ventilation. If drainage is blocked, dizziness and headache will occur.

? 3. Allergic rhinitis

? Allergic rhinitis is called allergic reaction, and Chinese medicine calls it "nasal rhinitis". Also called nasal sensitivity. In my country, allergic rhinitis is widely divided. According to the symptoms and onset characteristics of allergic rhinitis, it can be divided into seasonal and perennial.

? Seasonality is mainly due to the human body producing an immune state after being exposed to a certain foreign body. When exposed to such substances, abnormal reactions will occur, activating intracellular enzymes, causing capillaries and small blood vessels to expand, causing tissue edema, and leading to allergic reactions. It is also related to the degree of allergens contained in the air (such as pollen, dust, fungi, chemicals, etc.) and has a certain regularity.

When in contact with an allergen, the disease suddenly occurs and can quickly return to normal after the attack.

It is common all year round and has no definite pattern. Its common and typical symptoms are: itching in the nose and eyes, paroxysmal sneezing, and a large amount of watery nasal discharge. Nasal congestion and olfactory impairment. It often occurs when getting up in the morning or when climate changes cause irritating gas to enter the nasal cavity. In the event of repeated attacks and desensitization using hormonal drugs, dizziness, headache, tinnitus and hearing impairment may occur. Extreme edema of the nasal mucosa, nasal congestion may become persistent, loss of olfactory function, and the formation of polyps or nasal polyps may be seen.

Recently, it has been discovered that some treatments have gone into misunderstandings. According to the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, it can be divided into three types: allergic rhinitis caused by allergens, vasomotor rhinitis and neuroreflexive rhinitis. Simple nerve reflexes have nothing to do with allergens and are normal functions of the nasal cavity. Since it has both, blind desensitization treatment is not allowed. Targeted medication should be used after classification and dialectical diagnosis to achieve the purpose of cure.

Attachment: 1. Vasomotor rhinitis

This disease is a hypersensitivity reaction that occurs when the reaction of the nasal mucosa is reduced. It is a nasal mucosa autonomic nervous system disorder. The patient sometimes touches the nasal mucosa to cause a lightning attack. The attack disappears suddenly and quickly. The symptoms are very similar to allergic rhinitis, but the itching in the nose is not severe or not itchy. Oral cold drugs can cause symptoms. Relief, such as changes in cold and heat, changes in body position, endocrine disorders and emotional excitement can cause the disease. People are often in an environment of high tension, depression, and loss. This disease appears in large numbers in some institutions and schools, and patients mistakenly seek medical treatment for a cold. This disease is common in Western developed countries, and the incidence rate has increased sharply in my country in recent years.

2. Neuroreflective rhinitis

This disease is a type of perennial rhinitis. Its symptoms are similar to those of perennial allergic rhinitis. It is easy to be misdiagnosed and mistreated. The cause is unknown, but It has nothing to do with allergies. It is a case of nasal allergy and oral anti-allergic drugs are ineffective. Mainly due to the activation of the nervous system, the nasal nerves spasm and produce a large number of eosinophils, resulting in edema of the nasal mucosa and hypersecretion of the glands. Patients often experience nasal congestion, nasal discharge, mucus, and clear nasal discharge, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and tinnitus.

In short, it is not difficult to identify these three types of rhinitis. As for treatment, the currently popular local therapies such as nasal cavity sealing injection, freezing, laser, and microwave can only relieve the temporary symptoms and cannot completely cure it. This type of rhinopathy belongs to the category of rhinorrhea syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "the evil cannot be contained when healthy qi exists" and "when evil comes in contact with it, the qi will be deficient." In recent years, based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, we have combined oral administration with topical injections to adjust the functions of the lungs, spleen, and kidneys to maintain balance and cultivate qi to cure the root cause. Treating both the symptoms and the symptoms can cure the disease.

4. Nasal polyps

Nasal polyps are organisms formed by extreme edema and hypertrophy of the nasal cavity and sinus mucosa. They are commonly known as "nose velvet". Their cause is still unknown, and there are many theories. The main ones are as follows Several types: 1. Phenomenon: That is, negative pressure is formed in the nasal cavity after inhaling forcefully, and the ethmoid sinus mucosa is sucked into the nasal cavity, forming polyps over time.

2. Polysaccharide changes are caused by an imbalance of glucose, insulin, and epinephrine, which increases the sugar content in the matrix, thereby promoting interstitial edema and the formation of polyps.

? 3. The theory of vasomotor disorders: It is believed that the action of blood vessels and nerves and mast cell particles in the nasal mucosa lead to mucosal edema and polyp formation.

? 4. Infection theory: Due to long-term stimulation of purulent secretions in chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, thrombophlebitis and lymphatic drainage disorder occur in the nasal mucosa, edema occurs and polyps gradually form. ;

? 5. Allergic reaction: Due to repeated episodes of allergic rhinitis, the permeability of mucosal capillaries increases and plasma leakage increases, causing extreme edema of the nasal mucosa, which gradually sag due to the influence of yamen, forming polyps. .

Although there are many causes of nasal polyps, one thing is certain, that is, the formation of polyps is the result of the simultaneous action of multiple factors, among which allergic reactions and chronic inflammatory stimulation are particularly important. In recent years, our research has found that during the occurrence of nasal polyps, nasal mucosal epithelial cells and nerves are damaged, and active mediators are released, which increases vascular permeability, interstitial edema, cell infiltration, and pressure, eventually leading to tissue hyperplasia and development into a high-grade polyps. Edema of loose connective tissue forms an edema-like organism. Histological studies have proven that polyps are inflammatory changes in the mucosa of the nasal cavity and sinuses. .

? Traditional Chinese medicine believes that polyps occur due to dampness and heat in the lung meridian and Yongjie nose orifice. Many factors lead to the craving for thick taste, which causes endogenous dampness and heat, steaming up the lungs and stomach, and causing stagnation in the nose orifices. Or because the nasal cavity has been invaded by internal damp-heat evil poison for a long time, the lung meridian accumulates heat and loses its ability to clear and smooth. Dampness and turbidity gradually accumulate in the nasal cavity, remain there, and condense into polyps. Western medicine has always considered this disease to be a tumor. , surgical removal of polyps is performed once they form to relieve the problem of blockage. Although some patients have undergone multiple surgeries, as the number of surgeries increases, the number of polyps grows. He does not know that the stimulation of surgical trauma is another important factor in the occurrence of polyps, and that surgery has caused new hazards and complications to the nasal cavity. In traditional Chinese medicine treatment, based on previous experience in treating nasal polyps, we have summarized a set of traditional Chinese medicine preparation injection therapy, which is to apply medicine at the root of the tumor to make it retract and then fall off from the root. At the same time, taking medicines for relieving the lungs and clearing the orifices, purging dampness and dissipating stagnation to treat the primary lesions. By treating the symptoms and root causes, nasal polyps can be cured radically.

? 5. Epistaxis

? Epistaxis is not an independent disease, but a symptom that may occur in many diseases, and is a common emergency in rhinology. Nose bleeding is usually a small amount of blood or blood in the nasal discharge. Repeated bleeding can lead to anemia, or a large amount of blood loss can lead to shock.

? There are many causes of nosebleeds, such as trauma, nose picking with unclean fingers, surgical damage to blood vessels, chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses, tumors, bloody cysts, nasal tuberculosis and nasopharyngeal cancer. Bleeding caused by other factors such as: dry climate, high dust concentration, dry and scabbed nasal mucosa. Abnormal blood coagulation mechanism, poor blood vessel wall permeability or thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, etc. Especially tumors such as capillary hemangioma and nasopharyngeal angiofibroma can cause massive bleeding. Malignant tumors often have blood in their secretions. If they erode large blood vessels, they can cause fatal bleeding.

? Bleeding is common in children. It is usually caused by eating excessively spicy foods and frequent nose picking, leading to vestibulitis or rupture of capillaries in the nasal septum and bleeding. Regardless of the type of bleeding, the color and amount of bleeding should be observed. Especially if there is blood in the tears or the first sputum in the morning is bloody, you should see a doctor in time to find out the cause of the bleeding so that elbow tumors or cancer can be detected early.

6. Sinusitis

? Sinusitis is a common, frequently-occurring and difficult disease in rhinology. Often secondary to acute rhinitis, lesions refer to acute or chronic purulent inflammation of the sinus mucosa. In severe cases, it not only affects the sinus mucosa and bone, but can also cause complications in surrounding tissues and adjacent organs. Traditional Chinese medicine calls this disease "biyuan". Sinusitis is related to the following factors:

1. Acute rhinitis is a common cause of sinusitis. The infection spreads through the submucosal lymphatic vessels or through the surface of the sinus ostium. Improper nose blowing or sneezing can cause nasal obstruction due to nasal congestion. the occurrence of infection.

2. When swimming or diving, infected sewage can enter the sinus openings.

3. Tooth extraction or tooth root infection: Root infection of the maxillary second bicuspid or first and second molars, damage to the sinus wall during tooth extraction or pushing the residual root into the sinus can cause inflammation of the maxillary sinus.

Called odontogenic sinusitis.

4. Nasal fracture: Traumatic infection spreads directly into the sinus through the sinus wall fracture.

5. Barotraumatizing rhinitis: When flying or riding on high-altitude amusement machines in amusement parks, sudden changes in high air pressure cause the pressure inside and outside the sinuses to lose bone balance, causing mucosal congestion and infection.

6. Nasal obstruction: deviated nasal septum, enlarged turbinates, stuffing in the nasal cavity after surgery, polyps, tumors, etc. that compress the sinus ostium and cause inflammatory lesions.

7. Infection in adjacent parts: such as tonsillitis, adenoid hypertrophy, etc.

8. Systemic factors: excessive fatigue, exposure to cold and dampness, malnutrition, anemia, endocrine disorders, etc. can all cause this disease.

Sinusitis can be limited to one sinus, or it can involve multiple sinuses at the same time, such as the maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, etc. In addition to nasal congestion and purulent discharge, headache is a common symptom of sinusitis, which is called rhinogenic headache. In maxillary sinusitis, the pain is mainly in the cheek, and the headache is usually lighter in the morning and heavier in the afternoon; in frontal sinusitis, there is pain in the forehead. Because sphenoid sinusitis lacks typical symptoms and is easily missed, some people jokingly call the sphenoid sinus the "forgotten sinus". It is often misdiagnosed as cerebrovascular disease and neurological headaches, leaving the inflammation unhealed for a long time. .

This disease can be divided into positive syndrome and deficiency syndrome. The syndrome has an acute onset and short course, while the deficiency syndrome has a long course and is difficult to recover. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that syndrome is caused by wind-heat in the lung meridian, insufficiency of the lungs, stagnation of liver qi due to poor emotions, insufficiency of gallbladder, stagnation and fire, or addiction to alcohol, meat, fat and sweet things, endogenous dampness and heat, and evil toxins flowing through the meridians. If it goes up, it will stagnate in the nasal orifice, burn the sinus and femoral membrane, turn into pus and cause disease. Deficiency syndrome is insufficient lung qi, poor purification, retention of evil poisons or improper diet, overwork, stagnation of thoughts, lack of spleen health, insufficient biochemistry of qi and blood, long-term sleepiness due to evil poisons, and deterioration of the muscle membrane, resulting in the formation of turbid nasal discharge. Rhinitis (sinusitis). However, regardless of deficiency or excess, it can cause blood circulation disorders in the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and sinuses, blood stasis and qi stagnation, redness, swelling, heat and pain in the mucous membranes, which can turn into pus and cause inflammation. For this reason, in terms of treatment, we have proposed methods of replenishing qi, activating blood, removing corruption and blood stasis, and clearing the orifices and detoxifying. Practice has proved that the combination of internal and external use of traditional Chinese medicine under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory not only has good curative effect but also prevents recurrence after recovery.

The occurrence of sinusitis brings great inconvenience to patients’ lives. For example, patients may suffer from symptoms such as fatigue and lack of energy, insomnia, dizziness, inattention, and memory loss. Children are often irritated by mouth breathing secretions, which can easily cause respiratory infections and gastrointestinal symptoms, and can affect intelligence and physical development.

Attachment: Sinusitis complications

Sinusitis complications are caused by secondary infection of chronic sinusitis. Because the adjacent organ tubes of the paranasal sinuses and Zhouyuan are rich in blood vessels and the meridians are connected, they are adjacent to each other. And have special physiological structures that are interdependent. In the acute attack of acute sinusitis or chronic sinusitis, it can cause osteomyelitis of the craniofacial bones, orbital infection and retrobulbar optic neuritis, ear complications, intracranial complications, and respiratory and digestive tract complications. Chronic sinusitis may become a focus in the body and cause a variety of diseases such as rheumatic arthritis, rheumatic fever, nephritis, etc.

(1) Orbital complications are mostly caused by inflammation of the sinus wall bone that invades the orbit. It may become an orbital subperiosteal abscess, orbital cellulitis or posterior neuritis.

Orbital subperiosteal abscess is often caused by inflammation of the ethmoid sinus and frontal sinus. It is often caused by obstruction of sinus drainage or excessive bacterial virulence. In some patients, it is caused by sinus surgery, which destroys the bone in the sinus wall. , causing orbital subperiosteal infection and the formation of orbital subperiosteal abscess. It manifests as edema and congestion of the eyes and face, sluggish eye movement or forward protrusion of the eyeballs. Symptoms such as cold, heat, nausea and vomiting may occur.

Orbital cellulitis is caused by an orbital subperiosteal abscess that penetrates the periosteum and infects the orbital soft tissue. If it develops into cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis, symptoms such as septicemia-type body temperature and lethargy may appear, making the condition more dangerous.

Retrobulbar optic neuritis, due to the close relationship between the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses and nerves, inflammation can extend to the optic nerve, or it can be caused by inflammation and edema that compresses the optic nerve. Symptoms such as central blind spot and vision loss may occur.

(2) Ear complications

The nose and the Eustachian tube mucosa are closely anatomically related, and their locations are relatively close. Therefore, nasal diseases often affect the Eustachian tube. , leading to middle ear and even mastoid lesions. Chronic sinusitis is often an important cause of middle ear diseases. For chronic non-suppurative otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media that are difficult to cure, nasal cavity and sinus lesions should be considered. Curing sinus diseases can often improve otitis media lesions.

In short, delayed treatment or improper medication of sinusitis can lead to a series of complications such as craniofacial osteomyelitis, respiratory tract complications, digestive system complications, intracranial complications, focus infection, etc., especially It is an intracranial complication or focal infection. Although it is not as common as other complications, attention should also be paid to certain diseases caused by sinusitis lesions, such as retrobulbar neuritis, rheumatic fever, arthritis, myocarditis, nephritis, etc. . It not only brings difficulties to medical workers, but also adds a lot of mental and financial pressure to patients. Therefore, the majority of patients with rhinitis should increase their awareness of self-care and take good care of your nose for your health.

7. Atrophic rhinitis

Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, submucosal tissue and bone. It can cause the bone of the soft tissue to atrophy, and in severe cases, the nasal cavity can be damaged. Wide, dry scab accumulates in the nasal cavity, which produces a foul odor due to the action of putrefactive bacteria, so it is also called "stinky nose syndrome".

Women are taller than men: mostly in adolescence.

This disease can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary.

1. Primary disease is generally believed to be related to nutrition, hygiene conditions, vitamin deficiency, fungal infection, endocrine disorders and estrogen deficiency. Some patients suffer from delayed treatment of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, destruction of TS cells, and long-term treatment with ephedrine and hormone drugs, resulting in nasal mucosal necrosis and atrophy.

2. The causes of secondary diseases can often be found, such as:

(1) During nasal surgery, the nasal mucosa and submucosal tissue are damaged. (2) Radiotherapy for nasal tumors.

(3) Extremely deviated nasal septum and irritation from purulent secretions from sinusitis.

(4) Laser treatment can cause large area burns to the nasal mucosa, occlusion of blood vessels, damage and atrophy of the mucosa, glands, and nerve fibers.

(5) Treatment of sicca rhinitis, delayed nose bleeding, etc.

1. Causes and harms of drug-induced rhinitis

Drug-induced rhinitis refers to a nasal mucosal reflex syndrome caused by long-term abuse of drugs that affect nasal blood vessels. Clinically, persistent nasal congestion is the main symptom, and severe complications and systemic side effects may occur in the late stage. The reason that promotes its onset is that certain drugs can directly or indirectly cause contractions reflexively, causing a reversal reaction.

1. Long-term nasal drops: long-term use of ephedrine and nasal drops due to nasal disease. The effect of the nasal drops used by patients is getting worse and worse, the amount of medicine required is getting larger and larger, the number of nasal drops is increasing, and the nasal congestion is getting more serious.

2. Atomized inhalation drugs: due to throat For chronic inflammation and asthma, aerosols can be used to relieve symptoms for a long time. Causes nasopulmonary reflex syndrome, nasopharyngeal obstruction, and uncomfortable breathing.

3. Anti-hypertensive drugs: long-term use of reserpine, hydralazine, guanetdine, methyldopa, prazosin drugs, as well as the treatment of hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis. drug. After treatment, patients often maintain critical high blood pressure, but instead experience worsening dizziness, nasal congestion and discomfort, and rebound in blood pressure.

4. Cardiovascular drugs: Long-term use of propranolol drugs and cardiovascular dilators can cause nasocardial reflex syndrome. The patient recently developed a rebound phenomenon. The patient first experienced nasal congestion and chest tightness, and then palpitation, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat

5. Sex hormone drugs: Due to sexual dysfunction or long-term use of certain lesions, symptoms such as nasal congestion and hip pain may occur.

6. Weight-loss drugs: especially slimming tea containing hormones (which has been banned by the state).

7. Antidepressant drugs: For example, if patients with neurasthenia take sleeping pills, tranquillizers, Naijing, etc. for a long time, the patient will appear to have nasal congestion and discomfort, and be irritable and irritable.

8. Long-term use of analgesics such as aspirin can also cause this disease.

The above drugs can act on the nerves or blood vessels of the turbinate, causing vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa. If the vasoconstriction is severe and long-lasting, it can produce a reverse reaction and secondary vasodilation. Dependence on drugs develops, leading to drug-induced rhinitis over time. The subjective symptoms are mainly bilateral persistent nasal congestion, which may include dryness and discomfort in the nose. The patient's nasal mucosa ranges from congested to pale, and changes greatly. In typical cases, the mucosa is purplish red, the nasal cavity is narrow, there is a large amount of mucus secretion, and the nose hairs fall off. In severe cases, The mucosa appears rubbery. Complications of atrophic rhinitis, nasal polyps, sinusitis and otitis media may occur in the late stage. The use of vasoconstrictors in the nasal cavity can also produce systemic side effects, causing increased hypertension, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral vasospasm, renal artery stenosis, lower extremity arterial embolism, psychosis and poisoning reactions, etc., and may also cause nasal and pharyngeal vasospasm. , allergic reactions in the throat.

Most people know that some nasal drops can promote the disease, while other drugs are less well known. A unique clinical feature is that after drug-induced rhinitis is cured, the primary lesions are immediately relieved. For this reason, you should be careful when choosing prescriptions and medications.

2. Early signs of nasal cavity cancer

Malignant lesions of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are relatively common. According to domestic statistics, nasal tumors rank fifth among systemic malignant tumors. Nasopharyngeal cancer ranks first among tumors in the region. Nasal cancer is related to the following factors:

1. Chronic inflammatory stimulation: Most cancer patients have a history of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis for many years, which causes the nasal mucosa to metaplasia into squamous epithelium due to long-term stimulation and become cancerous. Base.

2. Malignant transformation of benign tumors: such as rhinosclerosis, granulomas caused by fungal diseases, nasal polyps, and nasal inverted papillomas can all become cancerous.

3. Exposure to carcinogens: Long-term exposure and discovery of viruses are the main causative factors of nasopharyngeal cancer.

For this reason, when the following changes occur in people who meet the above conditions, the possibility of malignant transformation should be considered:

1. Long-term persistent nasal congestion on one side, which gradually worsens;

2. A large amount of stench from the nasal discharge Similar nasal discharge;

3. Recently, the nasal discharge is often bloody or snowy, and nasal polyps often bleed;;

4. Recently, facial headache or numbness, molar pain or looseness, and sometimes There is pus between the teeth:

5. Intermittent headache becomes persistent and worsening, or the original rhinopathy causes trigeminal neuralgia and unexplained facial muscle spasm;

6. Recent sudden loss of sense of smell and smell of breath; :

7. Recent persistent oculofacial spasm, or symptoms of excessive tearing, or ocular ectopia;

8. Protruding singleton Hearing and vision loss on the side;

If one or more symptoms appear on the basis of the primary rhinopathy, it should indicate pre-cancerous or early signs of cancer, and detailed examination must be carried out. Only those with negative results for more than three consecutive times can exclude. However, we should not talk about cancerous changes, and we should not conduct random examinations. They should be selective and targeted. This will not only increase the financial and mental burden, but also often become an inducement to promote malignant transformation. Current research on tumor pathogenesis believes that the occurrence of human cancer is the result of malignant transformation of cells under the multiple effects of various environmental factors and intrinsic factors. Therefore, before cancer occurs, there should be a long stage in which cells begin to transform until they become completely malignant. This stage includes local histological precancerous diseases and the precancerous state of the entire human body. Motherland medicine has recognized and advocated since ancient times: "If you don't treat your own disease, you can treat the terminal disease; if you don't treat your own disease, you can treat the disease before it occurs." Treating the primary disease should be the priority, and “nip it in the bud.” Clinically, in the cancer medical records we collected, the earlier the diagnosis, the better the curative effect. Otherwise, the best opportunity will be lost, so we should take caution.

3. Characteristics and treatment of sinusitis in children

Sinusitis in children is relatively common, and it is often not paid enough attention to and is easily misdiagnosed. The diagnosis and treatment of its etiology, pathology, symptoms, and treatment are different from those in adults. According to literature reports, children suffer from respiratory infections more than 6-8 times a year on average, and each episode can involve the sinuses. Most of them recover on their own, and about 5%6 of patients can develop chronic sinusitis. The characteristics of the disease are related to the different development sequence of each sinus. Children can suffer from frontal sinusitis and ethmoid sinusitis after birth, and the frontal sinus and sphenoid sinus do not develop until they are 2-3 years old. Therefore, the incidence of maxillary sinusitis is relatively higher than Other sinusitis. The cause of the disease is that children's sinus openings are relatively large and the mucosa is tender and susceptible to infection. In addition, children's resistance is weak and they have poor adaptability to the outside world, making them susceptible to colds and this disease.

? The symptoms and signs of sinusitis in children are similar to those of ordinary upper respiratory tract infections. Diagnosis is difficult. The possibility of sinusitis should be considered if the following characteristics are present; first, the symptoms last for more than 10 days; second, the symptoms occur every year. Suffered from respiratory tract inflammation many times. Fever is accompanied by purulent nasal discharge. Sinus X-rays are of little diagnostic value in children under 5 years old.

In addition to nasal congestion and purulent discharge, acute sinusitis may include fever, cough, lethargy, and restlessness. It may also be accompanied by otitis media, epistaxis, and joint pain. Older children may complain of headaches. After the formation of chronic sinusitis, obliterative nasal sounds and mouth breathing appear, and mucus is "inexhaustible". Long-term nasal congestion and mouth breathing can affect the development of the face and chest. Chronic maxillary sinusitis can also cause dental deformities.

? Children are in the process of continuous growth and development from birth to adulthood. They are different from adults in terms of shape, physiology, pathology, etc. Children's sinusitis should not be simply regarded as adult disease. miniature. To sum up, its physiological characteristics are mainly as follows: the organs are delicate and the shape and Qi are not full; they are vigorous and develop rapidly. In childhood, the morphological development and physiological functions of various organs of the body are immature and imperfect, and the internal organs are relatively deficient, including the lungs and spleen. , the three internal organs of the kidney are particularly prominent. Pathologically, they are mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the disease is easy to occur and the transformation is rapid. Second, the internal organs are clear and clear, making recovery easy. Due to the physiological and pathological characteristics of children, there are also differences in treatment. Treatment must be timely, correct and cautious. Treatment must be fast, medication must be accurate, and dosage must be appropriate. Children have a "childish yin and childish yang" body. Treatment should stop the disease immediately and do not overuse drugs. Nasal vasoconstrictors are prohibited for infants and young children, and puncture and flushing are not suitable for children under 6 years old to prevent accidents.

? In short, in the process of dialectical treatment of rhinosinusitis in children: "Treatment must seek its root", we must pay attention to grasp the main contradictions of the disease, and flexibly treat it according to the specific circumstances of the transformation of the contradictions. Apply the principles of "treating the symptoms if it is urgent, treating the root cause if it is slow" and "treating both the symptoms and the root cause". Give full play to the child's own disease resistance and development expertise to promote their early recovery.