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What are the characteristics of Anshun local opera?
Liuguan Township, a township below Anshun City, plays a very important role in the production of local opera masks, and has now developed into "a street carved with local opera masks in China". Historically, Anshun Tunpu's local opera culture has a history of more than 600 years. It is a characteristic cultural product of the fusion of culture brought by Zhu Yuanzhang from all over the south of the Yangtze River and local indigenous culture. The local Tunpu people are commonly known as "jumping gods". The name of the local opera is 1986, which was given by the government after the performance abroad. Because it was the upsurge of drama research at that time, and "jumping to the gods" is an ancient drama, because it can be performed in an open space without a stage, so it is called "local drama" for short. (1) Standardized Modeling In the sculpture of masks, artists in Liuguan Township have had a set of relatively standardized carving techniques since ancient times, which have been compiled into formulas and recorded and circulated with manuscripts as the carrier. Sculptors in Liuguan Township all paint masks according to these standardized formulas. For example, there is a term of eyebrow carving, which is called "Major General has an arrow, female general has a cable, and military commander is like a flame". On the sculpture of eyes, the most prominent male mask in the mask of local opera is the round eyeball, except for Guan Yu's phoenix eye, others are similar. The sculptor enlarged the proportion of the whole eyeball and carved the eyeball into a convex hemisphere, which highlighted the eye as the visual center of the mask and enhanced the ferocious feeling of the mask. The facial sculpture in Zhouguan Township has been like this since ancient times. For the performance of the nose, male generals in the Ming Dynasty all had flat noses and wide nose wings. In Qing dynasty and contemporary times, the nose became straight and the alar became smaller. The shape of the whole nose has become more exquisite in contemporary times. In addition, eyebrows are shaped like flame eyebrows and knife eyebrows. The mouth shape of the mask in Ming dynasty was small and flat, and the mouth shape in Qing dynasty and contemporary times became full. The artistic style of masks in Anshun local opera, like folk art in other regions, adapts to the feelings and customs of local people and has been passed down to this day in its long history. (2) The facial makeup of local operas in Liuguan Township tends to be gorgeous. Color expression is relatively free, common black, red and yellow, very bright and bright, and the color purity is high. The following table is 1. Through comparative analysis, due to its long history, the colors of facial makeup of local operas in Ming Dynasty appear elegant and simple. In Qing Dynasty and contemporary local operas, the use of facial makeup and color tends to be gorgeous. Bright solid colors are often used after Qing dynasty, and the lightness and purity of colors are similar. The facial makeup of local operas is colorful, complex in decoration and fine in carving, which looks lifelike. 3) Decorative patterns are simple to complex. A general's mask consists of three parts: face, helmet and ear wings. The decoration of helmet is the most attractive. Helmets are divided into flat helmets and pointed helmets, and the main decorative patterns of ear wings are dragon wings and phoenix wings. This paper analyzes the decorative patterns of facial masks of local operas from the aspects of facial masks, helmets and ear wings. Local operas have plain faces and painted faces. Plain face has no pattern at all, which is also called pink face or white face. Many times, it is the image of such a young man or a female general, such as Mu and Miss Pioneer. Both cheeks are painted pink to form two blushing faces, which are ruddy and shiny. Face painting is a rich pattern painted on the face, especially the military commander of the villain. Either abstract geometric patterns or figurative patterns, such as butterfly, fish, bat and other animal patterns. Complex patterns and rich colors make the facial makeup of local operas form a strong attractive visual effect. Anshun sculptors have their own methods for the decoration of helmets and ear wings. Dragon and phoenix patterns are the most common, as well as animal patterns, plant patterns and moire patterns. Source: China National Expo.