When I was looking for my master, I was walking in the mountains of Otani with my book box on my back and Tara shoes on. In winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. Stay in a hotel and eat two meals a day, without fresh fat and delicious enjoyment. All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with treasures, white jade rings on their waists, swords on their left and smelly faces on their right. I am wearing a robe, but I am not sentimental at all. Because there are enough things in your heart to make you happy, don't feel that the enjoyment of food is not as good as others. My efforts and efforts are probably like this. Now all the students are studying in imperial academy, and the county officials have a little support every day. Their parents have Qiu Ge's legacy at the age of 20, and there is no danger of being frozen and embarrassed. There is no need to escape from sitting downstairs and reciting poems; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; All the books should be kept here. There is no need to record them through other people's hands and read them later. If they are not proficient in their studies and their moral character is not cultivated, if they have no talent and qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault? Dongyang Ma, who studied in imperial academy for two years, was praised by his peers for his virtue. I went to the capital to appear before the emperor, who met me as a fellow villager and wrote a long letter as a gift. The words were fluent and accessible, and I argued with him with a gentle and polite attitude. He said that when he was young, he studied very hard and was a good learner. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies.
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I liked reading when I was a child. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read, so I often borrow them from people who collect books, copy them with my own pen, and return them on time on the agreed date. When it is very cold, the ink in the inkstone pool forms hard ice, which makes it impossible to bend and straighten your fingers and dare not relax and copy books. After copying, I ran to return the book, not daring to exceed the agreed time limit. Therefore, people are willing to lend me books, so I can read a wide range of books. As an adult, I admire the theory of sages more, and I am worried that there are no knowledgeable teachers to communicate with each other. Once I ran hundreds of miles and asked a famous elder in my hometown with a scripture. This senior is highly respected, and his room is crowded with students who ask him for advice. He never speaks his words gently, but faces them gently. I stood beside him, asking questions, asking truth, bending down and asking him for advice; Sometimes when I meet him, I reprimand him loudly, and my expression is more respectful and polite, and I dare not say a word of defense; He asked him again when he was happy. So although I am stupid, I can finally gain knowledge. When I was studying with my teacher, I carried my book box and dragged my shoes in the old valley in the deep mountains. In the deep winter festival, the cold wind blows hard. I stepped on a few feet of snow, but unconsciously my feet cracked because of the cold and dryness. When I arrived at the school house, my limbs were too cold to move. The waiter washed my hands and feet with hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. When staying in a hotel, the host eats two meals a day (only me), and there is no fresh, fat and delicious food to enjoy. The students who live in the same room are all wearing gorgeous clothes, hats decorated with red tassels and precious stones, white jade rings on their waists, knives in their left hands and sachets in their right hands, radiant as immortals. I live among them in shabby clothes, and I don't envy them at all, because I have enough happiness in my heart, and I don't think I can't eat and dress as well as others. This is probably the case with my diligence and hard work when I was studying. Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me. Now students are studying in imperial academy, and the court provides meals every day. Parents give them fur coats in winter and kudzu coats in summer, so don't worry about freezing and hunger. Sitting downstairs reading classics, there is no hard work; There are teachers like doctors, who ask for advice without asking themselves and get nothing; All the books you should have are concentrated here. You don't have to copy them by hand like me. You can borrow them from others before you can see them. If some of them are not proficient in their studies and their moral quality has not developed, if they are not talented and have low qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault? Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his virtue. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him with gentle words and humble attitude. He himself said that he worked hard when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He was going home to meet his parents, so I specifically told him about my study difficulties. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you denigrate me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my fellow villagers, do you know me?
To annotate ...
Selected Works of Song Shixue (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1985). Song Lian: (1310-1381), a writer in the early Ming Dynasty, was named Jingxian, and was named Pujiang Qianxi (now northwest of Yiwu, Zhejiang). Dongyang, the place name, is in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province today. Health, the elder's name for the younger generation. Foreword: Stylistic name, this is the preface attached: I. Childhood: When I was young. Addiction: like, special hobby. No way: no way. To the book: get the book. To: I see. To: use it to observe: look. Every time I borrow it from the library, it's a handwritten record: 1 every time: often. 2 Borrowing: Synonymous compound words. Borrow. 3 fake, borrow. 4 Yu: preposition, from. 5: Yes. 6 hands: nouns are used flexibly as verbs, so do it. 7 strokes: nouns as adverbials, with pens. Dài: That is, you should be lazy in reading, and you can't slack off and relax. Woman:No. Chi: It refers to copying books. Go: Run. Overdue: beyond the agreed time limit. So: so. Take: think; Yes: So. Guān: After coronation, it refers to adulthood. The ancients held a coronation ceremony at the age of twenty to show their manhood. Later generations often use "crown" or "crowned" to indicate that the year is 20. I'm worried. Master: A knowledgeable teacher. Shuo, Da. Travel: communication. Taste: Once. Trend: Arrival. Inquire about the scriptures from the predecessors in my hometown: take the scriptures and ask the local moral and learned predecessors. Sage: a moral and learned elder. Knock on the door and ask questions. Praise: praise Delong and respect: high moral prestige. Hope, prestige, reputation. Dragon: High. The disciples filled his room: the students filled his room. Master, apprentice, student. Fill, fill. It means crowded here. Lower your tone slightly: speak your words gently and face them gently. Words, words and faces. Color: skin color. Help doubt: ask questions and ask the truth. Assist, guide and propose. Quality, inquiry Bend over and ask with your ears askew: Bend over and ask with your ears askew (to show respect and concentration). With: conjunction, and, come. Or: sometimes. Scold (chi) du not: reprimand, reprimand. The more respectful the color, the more respectful the expression. Color: expression. Gong: Respectful: thoughtful. A: This refers to excuses and refutations. As soon as possible: wait. Pawn: Finally. Qiè dragging: dragging shoes with a bookcase (indicating that the shoes are worn out). Drag: Drag and pull. Basket: book box. Li: Shoes. Poor winter: severe winter. Jūn: Because of cold and dryness, the skin is cracked. House: refers to the school house and library. Branch: pass "limb", limb. Yìng people: here refers to the people who serve. Soup: Hot water. Officer: Take a bath. W, water and wash (limbs). Irrigation "washing" Quilt (qρn): Quilt. Hug: Covered. And: the undertaking form. Yes: only. Eat again daily (s √): two meals a day. Again: twice. Reverse travel: staying in a hotel. Live, live. Reverse, welcome. Travel backwards, hotel. Embroidered by (pρ) Qi (qǐ): Wearing beautiful silk clothes. Cover it, put it on, put it on. Zhu Ying: The Red Hat. Fringe: hat band. Waist: waist. Waist, nouns as verbs. Odor tolerance (xiù): sachet. Smell, smell, here refers to the aroma. Yèran: radiant. Clothes: shabby clothes. Old packing. Oh, that's shabby. Slightly unsightly: no envy. Slightly none: none. Mu Yan was envious. People who have enough fun in it don't know whether the service of mouth and body is not like people: because they have enough fun in their hearts (referring to reading), they don't feel that food and clothing are not as good as people. China: Inside. Oral and physical service: refers to food and clothing. Feng: Support. Old man: Very old. Former: Joined. G: Probably. Tao: Go ahead, go ahead. Student: It means there are too many students. Imperial academy: A school established by the central government in the Ming Dynasty to educate scholars, called imperial academy or imperial academy. County magistrate: This refers to the imperial court. Lu (lǐn) Shao: Food given by the government. At that time, the free food provided by the government was called "heavy" or "light". Qiu (qiú): Leather clothes. Ge (gé): Gebu refers to clothes worn in summer. Heritage (wèi): Give, give, here refers to assistance. Division and Doctor: Deputy Chief and Professor of imperial academy respectively. Represents a learned person. Non-innate (intellectual) inferiority complex: if it weren't for low talent. Generation: peers. Flow: flat. Chao: In ancient times, courtiers appeared before the monarch. When Song Lian wrote this article, he came to Beijing from his hometown and met Zhu Yuanzhang in Nanjing. Be a countryman: Be a countryman's son. Ye: I want to meet you. Turn: Turn at the same time and write. Long book: long letter. Basket: a gift to show respect when meeting for the first time. Yi: Peace. Bi: Finished product: once painful: a little worried: smelled a little: gained something: seemed humble: underneath.
Key sentence
1, a sentence that dominates and sets the tone for the full text: I was eager to learn when I was young. 2. A sentence that can best express the author's pain in copying books when he was young: it's freezing, the inkstone is hard, and his fingers can't bend and stretch. 3. Sentences that show that the teacher is angry and humbly asks for advice: or when being scolded (chi) and (du), the more respectful, the more humble, and dare not say a word; Have a nice time (s √), please ask again. 4. Revealing the sentence of spiritual pursuit to overcome material poverty: People who have played enough in it don't know that their mouths and bodies are not like people.
Article center
Based on his personal experience of studying hard under difficult conditions when he was young, the author urged Ma Sheng to live up to his good conditions and study hard to succeed.