There are 200,000 mu of fruit trees in lingyuan city, including 6,543,8+2,000 mu of golden crown apples and 6 million plants. The annual output of high-quality green fruits is 6,543,800 tons, and the fruit price has been above 3 yuan per kilogram for five consecutive years. Since 1998, it has been awarded the title of provincial and ministerial quality agricultural products for 8 times in a row. 1998 develop pollution-free fruit production, develop green fruit in 2003, and apply for green fruit certification. In 2004, it was officially certified as a green fruit production base by the state, and the brand was "Lingshuo". The sugar content of "Lingshuo" brand Jinguan apple reached 15.6%, which was 2.2% higher than that of the control (non-green fruit). The content of soluble solids was 65438 05.5%, which was 2% higher than that of the control. The average fruit weight is 2 10g, and the fruit surface is smooth and clean, golden yellow and red. It has strong competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets and has a very broad production prospect.
First, management under the tree.
1. Terrace reconstruction and ridge leveling are carried out in early spring and late autumn every year to prevent soil erosion and lay a good foundation for water conservation and interception irrigation. At the beginning of April, a tree disk of about 10cm was planed in the crown projection, and finely raked, which increased the ground temperature, reduced the water evaporation and promoted the root activity.
2. Cleaning and covering are combined. No other crops are planted in the orchard, and the whole garden is cleaned. Planted in early spring, covered with straw. Each tree tray is covered with 30 ~ 40kg, and the thickness is more than 15cm, which can store water and conserve moisture, and provide sufficient organic fertilizer source for deep ploughing and soil improvement in early autumn.
3. Combination of formula fertilization and deep ploughing and green cultivation According to the characteristics of the rainy season of that year, deep ploughing and soil improvement are generally carried out from the end of July to the end of August, and a small ditch with a depth of 70-80 cm and a width of 40-60 cm is dug radially outward from the trunk 1.5 m, and 40-50 kg of grass, rotten straw and other organic matter are filled first, and then Hefei (50 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 kg of rotten straw, etc.) is supplemented. Every year 1 time, and the transposition is carried out year by year.
4. Fertilizer and water management in early spring, combined with irrigation, applying decomposed farmyard manure 100 kg per plant, with an application amount of more than 3,000 kg per mu. Irrigation before flowering 1 week 1 time, early fruit expansion 1 time, and late autumn (10 ends) 1 time, and each irrigation is carried out in the fertilization ditch.
Second, tree management
1. The shaping and pruning adopts a semicircle tree shape, with three main branches at the base and two main branches at the upper layer, with an interlayer spacing of more than 80 cm and no more than two auxiliary branches between layers. Pruning should be combined in winter and summer to make the tree structure reasonable, grow healthily, balance the tree potential and have good ventilation and light transmission. Prune the main branches in winter without pruning the upper branches on the back, and cultivate the lower branches or oblique branches. Short fruit branches, especially the auxiliary branches of the fruit table, should be retracted year by year to rejuvenate and renew them and prevent the fruit from moving out. Summer pruning mainly adopts the supporting measures of "carving, peeling (cutting), pulling, twisting and picking". After pruning in winter and summer, the ratio of long, medium and short branches reached 2∶ 1∶7.
2. Flower and fruit management mainly refers to flower thinning and fruit bagging, which is an important guarantee for producing high-quality fruits, especially green fruits. We advocate thinning flowers and fruits early (within 20 days), and choose central flowers or well-developed single fruits to make the leaf-fruit ratio reach 70∶ 1 and the fruit spacing reach more than 25 cm. Strictly control the yield per plant, with the average fruit 150 ~ 180.
Fruit bagging adopts GBL005 double-layer fruit bag, which will be completed in late June, and will be removed before harvesting 14 morning 10 to 3 pm 1 layer bagging; 7 days before mining, the second bag will be removed from the morning of 10 to 3 pm, and it is forbidden to pick bags in rainy days.
3. Prevent and control pests and diseases before freezing every year, and repaint with a mixture of limewater and 5 Baume lime and sulfur. Scrape the bark and clean the garden in early spring. After scraping, apply the solution of 1000 times to the wound. Scraping the bark 1 time in the whole garden every 3 ~ 5 years to stimulate the thickening and growth of trunk cortex and enhance the cold resistance of trunk.
In order to control early defoliation, 70% carbendazim 1500 times solution was sprayed twice in mid-July and mid-August. According to the forecast, 20% fenvalerate EC 2500 times 1 time was sprayed in mid-June, early July and late July to control the moth.