A few weeks is the first trimester of fetal lip and jaw development, that is, the second to third month of pregnancy is the best period of lip and jaw development. In the early pregnancy (about 2 months), the mother was infected with a virus, such as influenza, rubella or some kind of injury, which may be the cause of cleft lip and palate. Take certain drugs during pregnancy, such as sedatives, antiepileptic drugs and hormones. During pregnancy, the mother received high-dose X-ray irradiation and genetic factors. Try not to take any drugs during pregnancy, avoid contact with radioactive substances, and take folic acid in time during the first trimester to prevent the occurrence of congenital cleft lip and palate.
Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital malformation, which can generally be repaired by surgery. Rabbit lips, commonly known as "rabbit lips", mainly show cracks in the baby's lips; Cleft palate, commonly known as "wolf pharynx", is mainly manifested in the whole or part of the baby's jaw. Rabbit lip is probably the general people's cognition of cleft lip and palate patients. What exactly is cleft lip and palate? It is understood that human lips are gradually connected to the midline of the body from the tissues on both sides during the early development of the embryo. When the embryo fails to reach the connection according to the scheduled progress, various cracks will appear, such as cleft lip and cleft palate. Because cleft lip and palate will affect the growth and development of jaw and teeth, resulting in congenital tooth loss, multiple deformed teeth, tooth decay, maxillary dysplasia, dental arch stenosis, multiple embedded teeth and other malocclusion, orthodontic treatment is almost one of the essential treatment methods for patients with cleft lip and palate. Cleft lip and palate is the most common facial congenital malformation. Bunny will have rabbit lips, a flat nose and a distorted shape. However, after cleft lip repair and plastic surgery at the age of 3 months, the appearance of lips and nose will tend to be normal. It is said that the formation of cleft lip and palate is related to the mother's taking scissors, nailing, moving the house and moving the cabinet during pregnancy. However, this statement is pure speculation and not credible. It will only cause parents' guilt and excessive self-blame, and it will not help to reduce the incidence of cleft lip and palate.
How to treat cleft lip and palate? The specific method of cleft lip and palate scar repair surgery is to reset the ectopic orbicularis oris muscle, restore muscle continuity and realize functional repair. Pay attention to the normal height of cleft lip scar repair, people-centered, and the upper lip is symmetrical on both sides. Cleft lip is often accompanied by nasal deformity. At the same time, it is necessary to correct the deviation of nasal columella, increase the height of nasal columella, correct the collapse of nasal alar and restore the basic symmetry of nostrils.
The basic steps of cleft lip and palate scar repair are: fixed-point design, incision and suture.
1. Fixed-point design is the first step to repair the scar of cleft lip. First, find the point of the red edge of the lip on the healthy side, find the peak point D and the lowest point C of the lip, then press CB=CD to determine the point B, and set the point B at the thickest part of the red edge of the affected lip. When repairing the scar of cleft lip, two points B and B are finally stitched together to form the lip peak point of the affected side. Measure two basic data from the base of alar to the base of columella, and measure the width of the base of normal nostril and the base of affected nostril respectively. The difference between them is X. H, which is the normal lip height and upper lip height that should be restored after the repair of cleft lip scar. Determine other points, mark the repair of cleft lip scar, and fix point A and point A on both sides of cleft nose respectively. Let AA be equal to the width difference of two nostril bottoms by several X, so that the nostrils on both sides are the same size after AA suture. Connect AB. Subtract AB from normal lip height H to get Y, which is the lip height to be increased on the affected side. At point b, BE is about =y, almost parallel to the red edge of the lower lip. Take A as the center, AB as the radius, B as the center, Y (the lip height to be increased) as the radius, and make an arc to intersect with B (preferably BB is nearly perpendicular to the red edge of the lip). Take BB as the center, BE as the radius, and make an arc intersection with E to connect AB, BE and EB lines (be careful not to draw BB line, and do not make a cut here). After correcting each point, puncture the skin with a hypodermic needle dipped in methylene blue, draw a line and fix it with iodine.
2. Incision and suture is an important step in the repair of cleft lip scar. When repairing the scar of cleft lip, it is required to be meticulous, light, reduce trauma, cut accurately and sew neatly. When cutting, first pinch the upper lip outside the incision with your fingers to reduce bleeding. Cut AB, BE, AB, BE and EB in turn according to the design line. After incision, the upper lip of the healthy side can descend, forming a triangular crack at BE. Insert the BEB triangular tissue flap formed on the affected side into this fissure. The wound edge of AB line is opposite to AB. Suture in layers in turn. Repair the scar of cleft lip, according to the situation, adopt the method of embedding thread or Z-shaped double triangular flap to increase the fullness of lip red. For rhinoplasty, it is generally advocated to postpone the radical operation of cleft lip scar until 13 years old.