1, fruit-grain intercropping mode

Grain is the main crop. Slope farmland and cultivated land are planted with large row spacing and small plant spacing. Two rows of pomegranate forest belts with plant spacing of 2m and row spacing of10-20m were used to intercrop pomegranate with food crops or pomegranate with Chinese herbal medicines, so as to achieve double harvest of fruits, grains and medicines. ?

2. Afforestation in hilly areas

Give priority to fruits, build orchards, pond culture, duck houses, goose houses and cowsheds on hilly farmland with good soil conditions, and comprehensively cultivate and breed ecologically to increase economic benefits.

Second, the key points of cultivation techniques

1, select improved varieties.

The main fine varieties suitable for cultivation in southern Henan are Taishan Red Pomegranate, Scarlet Sweet Pomegranate, Lintong Pink Sweet Pomegranate and Yuda Big Pomegranate. ?

2. High standard garden.

When the garden is built, in addition to selecting excellent varieties and strong seedlings, the plant spacing should be determined according to the plan, with the depth and width of 65,438+0m respectively. When backfilling, each mu should be filled with weeds or manure 10000 kg and 500 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which can be applied in layers. Because pomegranate takes root easily, in order to enhance its drought resistance, it can be planted a little deeper. When building gardens in mountainous areas, terraces with high outside and low inside should be built to facilitate water storage, thicken soil layers and improve soil. ?

3. Planting density

In order to improve the utilization rate of light energy and increase early yield, moderate close planting is advocated. The plant spacing of 3m*4m can be used in plain areas, and 56 plants can be planted per mu. The habit of 2 plants per hole is often used in producing areas. The row spacing of 2m*3m plants can be used in shallow hills and hills, and11plant can be planted per mu. The first two years after young trees are planted are mainly long trees and crown expansion, and generally no fruits are allowed. ?

4. plastic trimming?

Do plastic surgery

Let it grow in the first year after planting, but choose 1-3 suitable strong branch culture trunk to become single trunk, double trunk or three trunk, and remove the sprouting branches or tillers at the base in time. In the following spring, 4-5 short branches of Wang Zhi (1/3) were selected to cultivate main branches and lateral branches, and the rest branches were generally released slowly. The long branches and Wang Zhizhi were cored or cut short in summer to reduce the branch position.

In the spring of the third year, by means of supporting, pulling, turning and hanging, the main branch angle is opened, which makes the crown gratifying, promotes the growth of effective short branches, and continuously expands the crown to form a semicircle or circle. For trees with strong growth, attention should be paid to thinning long branches and competing branches, reducing nutrient consumption, making them form mixed buds and increasing the number of fruiting branches. ?

decrease

Pomegranate mixed buds mostly grow at or near the top of strong short branches. Except for a few short branches, thinning is generally the main method. For fruit trees over 4 years old, winter pruning is the main method, with emphasis on removing roots and tillers, and cutting off long branches, over-dense branches, weak branches, diseased branches, drooping branches, cross branches and overlapping branches.

Give priority to short cutting, retract long branches and idle long branches or weak branches, restore tree vigor, cultivate fruiting branches, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and realize high yield year after year. When pruning in summer, on the basis of pruning in winter, according to the situation after fruit setting, timely thinning long branches, cutting short weak branches, and cultivating fruiting branches by wiping buds and removing cores. ?

Third, soil, fertilizer and water management?

1, soil management

Dig the garden for 20-40 cm every year after picking the fruit or in autumn and winter. Wheat, beans, vegetables or Chinese herbal medicines can be intercropped in the early stage. Timely intertillage and weed control in summer to keep the soil loose and weed-free. Grass mulching in rhizosphere plays an important role in moisturizing, cooling, soil and water conservation and increasing organic matter. ?

2. Fertilization and irrigation

Fertilize three times a year. Apply it 1 time before flowering, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and apply it in furrow or hole. Apply 0.5 kg urea and 0.5 kg diammonium phosphate to each plant. The second time was in July, when the fruit was expanding, and 0.5 kg of ammonium phosphate was applied to each plant. The third time, it was applied after the autumn shoots stopped growing, using radial furrow application, and applying 25-30 kg organic fertilizer to the plants. Combining fertilization with drought resistance in orchards, timely irrigation. ?

Fourth, flowering management.

1, spraying fertilizer at flowering stage.

From the early flowering stage to the full fruit stage, high-yield elements of fruit trees can be sprayed. The experiment shows that the fruit setting rate can be increased by 265438 0.8%, and the yield can be increased by 65438 0.7%. ?

2. Bee release and artificial pollination

Releasing bees can increase the fruit setting rate of tubular flowers by 30%, artificial pollination by 45.8% and natural pollination by 265,438+0.5%. ?

3, girdling or girdling

At the beginning of flowering, cut 2-3 rings at the base of the big auxiliary branch with lush foliage or few flowers, and keep the ring spacing above 4 cm. The results showed that the fruit setting rate 13.4% was increased and the flower bud differentiation was promoted. Wang Shu can also girdle, the diameter of the trunk should be more than 5 cm, and the smooth part should be transected for 2 laps, reaching the xylem directly. In order to facilitate healing, the circle spacing should be 0.3-0.5 cm. ?

4. Sparse flowers and fruits

Flower thinning can be done twice. After budding for the first time, remove the underdeveloped "morning glory" in time; The second time was about 2 weeks later, and the incomplete flowers were still thinned out. ?

5. Pest control?

1, pomegranate stem window moth

It is the main pest that harms pomegranate branches. Prevention and control methods:

(1) Check the branches frequently in early July, and cut off the new branches in time to eliminate the larvae.

(2) After germination in spring, all leafless dead branches are cut and burned to eliminate overwintering larvae.

(3) For 2-3-year-old larvae in the affected branches, 500 times of dichlorvos or 800 times of Ma Di can be injected into the bottom drainage hole, then the insect mouth is blocked and poisoned with soil.

(4) At the peak of incubation, according to the characteristic that the newly hatched larvae can only crawl into the new shoots after crawling on the tender shoots for 2-3 days, 40% omethoate, 50% methamidophos or 40% monocrotophos 1500 times solution can be sprayed in time for control, and the effect can reach 84.9-98.4%.

On the basis of prediction, spraying past insect mouths on trees not only saves labor and time, but also improves the efficacy, and can also treat other leaf-eating pests such as yellow thorn moth. Generally, it is better to spray once every 20 days after the first spray. ?

2, peach moth

It is the main pest that harms pomegranate fruit, and the fruit setting rate can reach 50-70% in severe cases. The main prevention and control methods are:

(1) Clear the garden in winter to eliminate the overwintering larvae in the host.

(2) Before germination in early spring, timely scrape off rough bark, remove insect fruits or pick up insect-eaten fruits. , centralized burning.

(3) Using sweet and sour liquid or sex pheromone to confuse male adults for trapping and killing.

(4) At the initial stage of hatching, 50% acetaminophen EC, 40% omethoate EC or 50% dichlorvos EC 1 000 times can be sprayed for control.

Sixth, fruit harvesting?

When picking pomegranate fruit, you should try to avoid tearing, bumping, falling, stabbing and rubbing the peel, and you should handle it with care to prevent falling and bumping. Picked fruits should be mainly selected in the shade of the garden, and pests, damaged fruits and cracked fruits should be selected, graded and packaged.

Extended data:

1, beautiful skin

Pomegranate is rich in minerals, with two major antioxidant components-red pomegranate polyphenols and anthocyanins, as well as linoleic acid, vitamins C, B6, E and folic acid. The extracts of minerals such as calcium, magnesium and zinc contained in pomegranate can quickly replenish skin moisture loss and make skin brighter and softer.

2, broad-spectrum antibacterial

Pomegranate has obvious inhibitory effect on Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysenteriae. It also has different degrees of inhibition on a variety of skin fungi.

3. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Pomegranate contains high levels of antioxidants, which can be used to resist human inflammation and the destruction of oxygen free radicals, and achieve the effects of delaying aging, preventing atherosclerosis and slowing down the cancer process.

4, convergence, astringent bowel

Pomegranate tastes sour and contains alkaloids and ursolic acid. It has obvious astringent effect, can astringe intestine to stop bleeding and has good bacteriostatic effect. It is a good product for treating dysentery, diarrhea, bloody stool and proctoptosis.

5, insect repellent and insecticidal

Pomegranate bark and pomegranate tree root bark both contain pomegranate rinine, which has anesthetic effect on human parasites, and is a good medicine for expelling insects and killing insects, especially for tapeworms, and can be used to treat abdominal pain caused by insect accumulation.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-pomegranate