1 Select high-quality strong seedlings and plant them in the pit with fertilizer.
Before planting, dig a planting ditch with a width of 70cm and a depth of 60cm from north to south, and place the topsoil and subsoil respectively. Mix the decomposed organic fertilizer, sheep manure and topsoil evenly and apply it at the bottom of the ditch, about 20 cm from the ground. Then fill people's hearts with water. Apply 60 kilograms of organic fertilizer to each ditch. Select grafted seedlings with strong growth, complete and developed root system, root neck diameter of 65438 0.5 cm, height of 65438 0.2 m or more, and no plant diseases and insect pests. When planting, the larger seedlings should be planted on the north side of the shed, and the smaller seedlings should be planted on the south side. It is wise to plant the seedlings in the nursery. The roots of seedlings should be stretched, the soil should be compacted and watered immediately after planting. After water permeates, the seedlings should be covered with a plastic film with a width of1m. In order to overcome the shortcomings of waterlogging tolerance, we can also make a ridge with a width of 50 cm and a height of 30 cm in advance for ridge planting.
2 plastic pruning
2. 1 tree
The four rows in the south of the greenhouse adopt the shape of "Ya", and the rest adopt the natural and gratifying shape of three main branches. Ya-shaped: the stem is 20 ~ 30cm high, the bases of the two main branches are opposite, and the opening angle is 40 ~ 50; The two main branches are inclined to the east and west, and the fruiting branches are directly planted on the two main branches, leaving 20 to 30 fruiting branches in the whole tree. The three main branches are naturally fond of: the stem height is 30 ~ 40 cm, the opening angle of the three main branches is 50 ~ 60, they are evenly distributed, and the distance between the main branches is 10 ~ 15 cm. There are 2 ~ 3 lateral branches on each main branch, the first side is 40 cm away from the main branch, the second side is opposite, with a distance of 30 cm, and the third side is on the same side as the first side, with a distance of 40 cm. There can be branches on the main branch.
2.2 pruning points
After planting, fix the stem at 40 ~ 50 cm. After germination, two new shoots (Y-shaped) or three new shoots (naturally happy) with vigorous growth and east-west direction are selected as the main branches for culture, and the remaining new shoots are wiped off. When the main branch grows to 40 ~ 50 cm, re-coring (removing new shoots of about 15 cm) is carried out to promote secondary branches, 50g；; Urea is topdressing each plant; When the secondary branch is 30 cm long, the second coring and compound fertilizer are applied to promote the formation of crown as soon as possible. When planting in winter, the pruning should not be short, and the branches should be long to ensure that there are enough flowers, and the upright branches and competitive branches can be thinned out very little. After cutting in winter, techniques such as slow release, branch thinning, short cutting and retraction are mainly used to make the whole tree stable in structure, evenly distributed in branches, balanced in results and good in ventilation and light transmission. Sustained release is mainly aimed at 1 year-old golden mean branch, flat oblique branch and dorsal branch. Mainly to remove strong branches, pests and diseases, too dense branches, overlapping branches and redundant weak branches; Short cutting is mainly used for the cultivation of main branches and extended branches, as well as the pruning of tree regeneration and rejuvenation; Retraction is mainly to revitalize trees and branches.
In the growing season, when the branches grow to about 5 cm after germination, the heavy branches and over-dense branches should be thinned. Young trees leave strong branches and weak branches, and weak trees leave strong branches and weak branches. When the new branch with a gap on the extension head or main branch is 20 ~ 30 cm long, the core is removed for 2 ~ 3 times continuously, and other new branches are smoothed or twisted at 15 cm. For strong trees, the time to pick the heart should be early, and the weak branches are generally not picked. Branching usually takes place after germination, but the main branches of 1 ~ 2-year-old young trees should not be pulled out too early to avoid weakening growth.
3 Fertilizer and water management
Fertilization is mainly based on organic fertilizer, combined with deep ploughing in late September every year. Ditching on both sides of the tree and applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Apply 4 000 kg organic fertilizer and 50 kg NPK compound fertilizer per 667 m2 (mu). Topdressing mainly involves applying nitrogen fertilizer before and after flowering, and applying 30 ~ 50g； urea to each plant; Compound fertilizer is mainly used in fruit expansion period and coloring period. After flowering, soil topdressing and foliar spraying alternate. The mixed solution of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea can be sprayed 1 time every1d (day) until the fruit is ripe. After the fruit is harvested, the tree shrinks again, and after pruning, combined with irrigation, 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied every 667 m2 (mu). After removing the film in mid-June, we will continue to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water for trees. Since mid-July, spraying 0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or adding 0.2% photosynthetic micro-fertilizer every 10 ~ 15 d (day), it is better to spray it after 4 pm until the leaves fall. Irrigation combined with topdressing.
4 button shed heating
Nectarine in beginning of spring, Yinchuan was defoliated artificially around June 25th. 165438+1Close the shed around October 20, and control the temperature at 0℃ ~ 7.2℃ to continue to meet the cold demand of the tree; 65438+February 10 heats up after hibernation. After the tent is buckled, cover the tree tray with 1m square plastic film as soon as possible.
5 temperature and humidity management
Practice has proved that the time interval from heating to flowering should be not less than 45 d (day), if it is less than 45 d (day). When the outside temperature is higher than lO℃ at night, you can stop covering the cattail, and control the temperature and humidity in the shed by uncovering the cattail and opening and closing the vent. See table 1 for the temperature and humidity control range of each phenological period.
6 flower and fruit management
The fruit setting rate of nectarine in beginning of spring is high, but the pollen is not easy to spread because of the high air humidity in the shed. In order to ensure the fruit setting rate, artificial pollination is needed at flowering stage. 7 days before flowering, put 1 box bees in advance to adapt to the environment in the shed. We can control the growth of new shoots and improve the fruit-setting rate by artificial pollination by point-flowering or feather duster, or spraying borax at flowering stage, or spraying paclobutrazol 200-300 times after flowering (1d). When thinning fruit, remove the combined fruit and abnormal fruit, and leave 3 ~ 4 long fruit branches, 2 ~ 3 middle fruit branches and 2 short fruit branches 1 ~ 2; There is more in the upper part of the crown periphery, less in the inner cavity and no in the lower part.
Hormone Regulation of Tree No.7
Spraying 1 times 15% paclobutrazol 200-300 times or PBO promoter 100- 150 times on the whole tree in mid-July and early August respectively to control the vigorous growth of new shoots and promote flower bud differentiation. After 15 d (day), spray the above chemicals on the new shoots that have not stopped growing 1 time. At the same time, 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 7 ~ 10 d (day) was sprayed. Also pay attention to cutting off the back branches, competitive branches, dense branches and cross branches to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and form high-quality flower buds.
8 pest control
Beginning of spring nectarine needs to control peach leaf shrinkage, peach bacterial perforation and aphids. Spraying 1 times of 3 be ~ 5 be stone sulfur mixture at the early stage of germination to control peach gummosis and peach leaf shrinkage; Spraying 1 ~ 2 times 3 000 times 10% imidacloprid to control aphids at the early growth stage of new shoots after flowering; Spraying mancozeb or thiophanate-methyl 1 time during fruit development to prevent leaf shrinkage.